JP7283043B2 - 内燃機関の排気制御装置 - Google Patents
内燃機関の排気制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7283043B2 JP7283043B2 JP2018173294A JP2018173294A JP7283043B2 JP 7283043 B2 JP7283043 B2 JP 7283043B2 JP 2018173294 A JP2018173294 A JP 2018173294A JP 2018173294 A JP2018173294 A JP 2018173294A JP 7283043 B2 JP7283043 B2 JP 7283043B2
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
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- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
- F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/029—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a particulate filter
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/101—Three-way catalysts
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- F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N9/002—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus of filter regeneration, e.g. detection of clogging
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
- F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/024—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/025—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus by changing the composition of the exhaust gas, e.g. for exothermic reaction on exhaust gas treating apparatus
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- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/1454—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio
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- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1473—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the regulation method
- F02D41/1475—Regulating the air fuel ratio at a value other than stoichiometry
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- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P5/00—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor
- F02P5/04—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions
- F02P5/045—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions combined with electronic control of other engine functions, e.g. fuel injection
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- F02P5/00—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor
- F02P5/04—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions
- F02P5/145—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions using electrical means
- F02P5/15—Digital data processing
- F02P5/1502—Digital data processing using one central computing unit
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- F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
- F01N2430/06—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by varying fuel-air ratio, e.g. by enriching fuel-air mixture
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- F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
- F01N2430/08—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by modifying ignition or injection timing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
- F01N2560/026—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting NOx
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/05—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a particulate sensor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/08—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a pressure sensor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
- F01N2900/1402—Exhaust gas composition
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
- F01N2900/1602—Temperature of exhaust gas apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
- F01N2900/1606—Particle filter loading or soot amount
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/08—Exhaust gas treatment apparatus parameters
- F02D2200/0812—Particle filter loading
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
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- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
- Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Ignition Timing (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Description
(3)前記フィルターに捕集された前記粒子状物質の燃焼反応が安定化する前記フィルターの温度を所定温度と定義して、前記制御装置が、前記フィルターの温度が前記所定温度に達したとき前記リーン焼却制御または前記ストイキ焼却制御を開始し、前記フィルターの温度が前記所定温度に達しないとき前記ストイキ昇温制御を実施して前記フィルターの温度を昇温させることが好ましい。
(7)前記制御装置が、前記ストイキ焼却制御の実施中に前記フィルターの温度が高くなるほど前記内燃機関の点火時期をアドバンスさせる点火時期可変制御を実施することが好ましい。
以下、図面を参照して、実施形態としての内燃機関の排気制御装置について説明する。図1に示すように、本件の排気制御装置は、エンジン1(内燃機関)を搭載した車両20に適用される。エンジン1の種類はディーゼルエンジンであってもよいし、ガソリンエンジンであってもよい。このエンジン1には、運転状態に関する情報を取得するための各種センサー(例えば図示しないエンジン回転数センサー,トルクセンサー,アクセル開度センサー,スロットル開度センサー,吸気圧センサー,吸気流量センサーなど)が設けられる。また、エンジン1の排気通路2には、少なくともフィルター4が介装され、好ましくは酸化触媒3も介装される。図1に示す例では、フィルター4が酸化触媒3の下流側に配置されているが、具体的な配設位置や順序は変更可能である。
制御装置10は、ノーマル制御,ストイキ昇温制御,リーン焼却制御,ストイキ焼却制御の四制御を実施する。ノーマル制御を除く三制御は、フィルター4に捕集されたPMを焼却する再生制御に含まれる。これらの再生制御がいずれも実施されないときに、ノーマル制御が実施される。再生制御は、エンジン1の運転状態がフィルター4の再生に適した状態であり、かつ、フィルター4の再生開始条件が成立した場合に、再生制御が開始される。前者の条件は、以下の条件1~3のいずれかに基づいて確認することができる。同様に後者の条件は、条件4~6のいずれかに基づいて確認することができる。
条件2.スロットル開度が規定開度以下である
条件3.エンジン冷却水温が規定温度以上である
条件4.PM堆積量が規定量以上である
条件5.上流圧P1と下流圧P2との差圧が規定値以上である
条件6.フィルター4の下流のPM濃度が規定濃度以上である
ノーマル制御では、図4(A)に示すように、エンジン1の空燃比(目標空燃比)が理論空燃比R0を中心として、比較的小さく振動するように制御される。この空燃比振動は、リッチ側の振幅とリーン側の振幅とが同一の振動であり、全振幅A1は例えば0.4程度(すなわちR0±0.2の空燃比振動)とされる。また、空燃比振動の周波数B1は1Hz前後に設定される。この空燃比振動において空燃比がリッチになっている時間は、リーンになっている時間に等しく、周期C1の半分に設定される。以下、ノーマル制御の空燃比振動の周期のことを標準周期C1とも呼ぶ。
条件7.PM堆積量が第二規定量以下である
条件8.上流圧P1と下流圧P2との差圧が第二規定値以下である
条件9.フィルター4の下流のPM濃度が第二規定濃度以下である
図6は、制御装置10で実施される再生制御の手順を説明するためのフローチャートであり、図7は再生制御の制御作用を説明するためのグラフである。図6のフローは、エンジン1が作動しているときに所定の周期で繰り返し実施される。まず、エンジン1の運転状態に関する情報(例えばエンジン回転数やスロットル開度など)が取得される(ステップA1)。また、上流圧センサー5及び下流圧センサー6で検出された上流圧P1と下流圧P2とに基づき、これらの差圧が算出される(ステップA2)。
(1)上述の実施形態では、フィルター4の再生制御においてリーン焼却制御とストイキ焼却制御とが併用される。リーン焼却制御では、フィルター4に導入される排気ガス中の酸素濃度を上昇させることができ、PMの焼却効率を向上させることができる。一方、ストイキ焼却制御では、PMが燃焼しうる酸素濃度をある程度確保しつつ、エンジン1で発生するNOx量を抑えることができる。したがって、これらを状況に応じて使い分けることで、フィルター4の再生効率及び排気ガス性能をともに向上させることができる。
上記の実施形態はあくまでも例示に過ぎず、本実施形態で明示しない種々の変形や技術の適用を排除する意図はない。本実施形態の各構成は、それらの趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々変形して実施することができる。また、必要に応じて取捨選択することができ、あるいは適宜組み合わせることができる。
2 排気通路
3 酸化触媒(三元触媒)
4 フィルター
5 上流圧センサー
6 下流圧センサー
7 温度センサー
8 NOxセンサー
9 PMセンサー
10 制御装置
11 燃料噴射弁
12 点火装置
Claims (7)
- 内燃機関の排気通路に介装され、前記内燃機関から排出される粒子状物質を捕集するフィルターと、
前記フィルターに捕集された前記粒子状物質を焼却する再生制御を実施する制御装置とを備え、
前記制御装置が、前記再生制御において、
前記内燃機関の空燃比を理論空燃比よりもリーンな状態に維持しながら前記粒子状物質を焼却するリーン焼却制御と、
理論空燃比を平均空燃比として前記内燃機関の空燃比を所定の第一周期で振動させながら前記粒子状物質を焼却するストイキ焼却制御とを有し、
前記フィルターに捕集されている前記粒子状物質の堆積量が所定量以上、かつ、前記内燃機関から排出される窒素酸化物の濃度が所定濃度以下のとき前記リーン焼却制御を実施し、
前記粒子状物質の堆積量が所定量未満、または、前記窒素酸化物の濃度が所定濃度を超えるとき前記ストイキ焼却制御を実施する
ことを特徴とする、内燃機関の排気制御装置。 - 前記制御装置が、前記再生制御を開始する際に、理論空燃比を平均空燃比として前記内燃機関の空燃比を前記ストイキ焼却制御時よりも小さな振幅で振動させながら前記フィルターを昇温させるストイキ昇温制御を実施する
ことを特徴とする、請求項1記載の内燃機関の排気制御装置。 - 前記フィルターに捕集された前記粒子状物質の燃焼反応が安定化する前記フィルターの温度を所定温度と定義して、
前記制御装置が、前記フィルターの温度が前記所定温度に達したとき前記リーン焼却制御または前記ストイキ焼却制御を開始し、
前記フィルターの温度が前記所定温度に達しないとき前記ストイキ昇温制御を実施して前記フィルターの温度を昇温させる
ことを特徴とする、請求項2記載の内燃機関の排気制御装置。 - 前記制御装置が、前記ストイキ昇温制御の実施中に前記内燃機関の点火時期をリタードさせる遅角制御を実施する
ことを特徴とする、請求項2または3記載の内燃機関の排気制御装置。 - 前記制御装置が、前記再生制御を開始する前に、理論空燃比を平均空燃比として前記内燃機関の空燃比を前記ストイキ焼却制御時よりも小さな振幅で振動させるノーマル制御を実施する
ことを特徴とする、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の内燃機関の排気制御装置。 - 前記制御装置が、前記リーン焼却制御の実施中に前記内燃機関の点火時期をアドバンスさせる進角制御を実施する
ことを特徴とする、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の内燃機関の排気制御装置。 - 前記制御装置が、前記ストイキ焼却制御の実施中に前記フィルターの温度が高くなるほど前記内燃機関の点火時期をアドバンスさせる点火時期可変制御を実施する
ことを特徴とする、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の内燃機関の排気制御装置。
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