JP7271595B2 - 正極およびこれを備える二次電池 - Google Patents
正極およびこれを備える二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
- H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
- H01M50/586—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries inside the batteries, e.g. incorrect connections of electrodes
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- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description
図1に、ここに開示される正極の一例としての本実施形態に係る正極50を示す。本実施形態に係る正極50は、図示されるように、正極集電体52と、正極集電体52上に支持された正極活物質層54とを備える。図示例では、正極活物質層54は、正極集電体52の両面上に設けられているが、片面上に設けられていてもよい。正極活物質層54は、好ましくは正極集電体52の両面上に設けられる。
図2:LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2にZrO2が0.5原子%添加された二次粒子状の正極活物質
図3:LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2にWO3が0.5原子%添加された二次粒子状の正極活物質
図4:LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2にTiO2が3原子%添加された二次粒子状の正極活物質
図5:LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2にNb2O5が1原子%添加された二次粒子状の正極活物質
図6:単粒子状のLiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2である正極活物質
そこで、別の側面から、ここに開示される二次電池は、上記の正極と、負極と、電解質と、を備える。
下層用正極活物質として、LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2にTiが3mol%ドープされたリチウムニッケルマンガンコバルト系複合酸化物(NCM811-Ti)を用意した。このリチウムニッケルマンガンコバルト系複合酸化物は二次粒子状であった。下層用正極活物質と、導電材としてのアセチレンブラック(AB)と、バインダとしてのポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)とを、下層用正極活物質:AB:PVDF=97.5:1.5:1.0の質量比で混合し、得られた混合物にN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)を適量加えて、下層形成用スラリーを調製した。
下層用正極活物質として、単粒子状のLiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2と、LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2にTiが3mol%ドープされたリチウムニッケルマンガンコバルト系複合酸化物(二次粒子状)とを50:50の質量比で混合した混合活物質を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして、実施例2の評価用リチウムイオン二次電池を得た。
上層用正極活物質として、単粒子状のLiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2(NCM811)を用い、下層用正極活物質として、単粒子状のLiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2と、LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2にTiが3mol%ドープされたリチウムニッケルマンガンコバルト系複合酸化物(二次粒子状)とを50:50の質量比で混合した混合活物質を用い、上層と下層との厚み比率を25:75に変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして、実施例3の評価用リチウムイオン二次電池を得た。
上層用正極活物質として、単粒子状のLiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2と、LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2にZrが0.3mol%ドープされたリチウムニッケルマンガンコバルト系複合酸化物(二次粒子状)とを50:50の質量比で混合した混合活物質を用い、下層用正極活物質として、単粒子状のLiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2と、LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2にTiが3mol%ドープされたリチウムニッケルマンガンコバルト系複合酸化物(二次粒子状)とを50:50の質量比で混合した混合活物質を用い、上層と下層との厚み比率を表1に示す値に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例4~7の評価用リチウムイオン二次電池を得た。
実施例1で作製した下層形成用スラリーのみを用いて、同じ正極厚みの正極を作製した以外は、以外は実施例1と同様にして、比較例1の評価用リチウムイオン二次電池を得た。
実施例1で作製した上層形成用スラリーのみを用いて、同じ正極厚みの正極を作製した以外は、以外は実施例1と同様にして、比較例2の評価用リチウムイオン二次電池を得た。
下層形成用スラリーと上層形成用スラリーの塗布順を逆にして、正極活物質層の上層と下層とを入れ替えた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、比較例3の評価用リチウムイオン二次電池を得た。
実施例2で作製した下層形成用スラリーのみを用いて、同じ正極厚みの正極を作製した以外は、以外は実施例1と同様にして、比較例4の評価用リチウムイオン二次電池を得た。
単粒子状のLiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2とLiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2にTiが3mol%ドープされたリチウムニッケルマンガンコバルト系複合酸化物(二次粒子状)との質量比を25:75に変更した以外は、比較例4と同様にして、比較例5の評価用リチウムイオン二次電池を得た。
比較例1,2,4および5と同じ組成の正極活物質層を備える正極、ならびに比較例3および各実施例の上層および下層と同じ組成の正極活物質層を備える正極を作製した。これらの正極およびLi負極を用いて実施例1と同様にして(すなわち、同じ非水電解液を用いて)、試験用リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。市販の充放電試験装置を用いて、各試験用リチウムイオン二次電池に0.05Cの電流値で充電を行い、電池の比容量(mAh/g)に対する電池の電圧(V)を、縦軸を比容量(mAh/g)、横軸を電圧(V)としてグラフ化することによって充電電圧曲線を得た。充電電圧曲線の電圧4.2V付近の電位平坦部の中心の電圧をV0とし、V0±0.02Vの範囲の比容量(すなわち、V0+0.02Vにおける比容量の値(mAh/g)とV0-0.01Vにおける比容量の値(mAh/g)との差)を、電位平坦部の比容量(mAh/g)として求めた。結果を表1に示す。
各評価用リチウムイオン二次電池を4.2Vまで定電流充電した。データロガーで電圧を測定しながら、電池ケースの中央部に釘(ダイドーハント社製、丸釘、胴部径3mm)を、各評価用リチウムイオン二次電池の厚み方向に正極と負極とを貫通するように刺し、内部短絡させた。電圧降下後の電圧上昇が内部短絡によるジュール熱によるものであるため、電圧上昇の際の、電圧、電流および時間を用いて、発熱量(J)を算出した。結果を表1に示す。
各評価用リチウムイオン二次電池を室温下で、0.1Cの電流値で4.2Vまで定電流充電し、その後0.1Cの電流値で2.5Vまで定電流放電した。このときの放電容量を求め、これを初期容量とした。
30 電池ケース
36 安全弁
42 正極端子
42a 正極集電板
44 負極端子
44a 負極集電板
50 正極シート(正極)
52 正極集電体
52a 正極活物質層非形成部分
54 正極活物質層
60 負極シート(負極)
62 負極集電体
62a 負極活物質層非形成部分
64 負極活物質層
70 セパレータシート(セパレータ)
80 非水電解質
100 リチウムイオン二次電池
Claims (6)
- 正極集電体と、前記正極集電体上に設けられた正極活物質層と、を備える正極であって、
前記正極活物質層は、前記正極集電体側に位置する第1層と、前記正極活物質層の表層側に位置する第2層と、を有し、
前記第1層および前記第2層の合計厚みに対する前記第2層の厚みの比が、0.20以上0.80以下であり、
前記第1層および前記第2層について、充電電圧曲線における4.2V(vsLi/Li+)付近の電位平坦部の比容量を測定した際に、前記第2層の前記電位平坦部の比容量が、前記第1層のものよりも大きく、
前記第2層の前記電位平坦部の比容量が、17mAh/g超30mAh/g以下であり、
前記第1層の前記電位平坦部の比容量が、2mAh/g以上17mAh/g以下である、正極。 - 前記第1層および前記第2層はそれぞれ、正極活物質を含有し、
前記第1層および前記第2層に含まれる前記正極活物質はそれぞれ、リチウム以外の金属原子に対するNi含有量が75モル%以上のリチウム複合酸化物である、請求項1に記載の正極。 - 前記第1層が、Tiドープされた正極活物質を含有し、前記第2層がZrドープされた正極活物質を含有する、請求項1または2に記載の正極。
- 前記第1層または前記第2層が、単粒子状の正極活物質を含有する、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の正極。
- 前記厚み比が、0.23以上0.50以下である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の正極。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の正極と、
負極と、
電解質と、
を備える二次電池。
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