JP7198238B2 - 二酸化炭素電解セル用電極触媒層、ならびにそれを具備する、電解セルおよび二酸化炭素電解用電解装置 - Google Patents
二酸化炭素電解セル用電極触媒層、ならびにそれを具備する、電解セルおよび二酸化炭素電解用電解装置 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/075—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound
- C25B11/081—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound the element being a noble metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
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Description
前記イオン伝導性物質の面積あたりの重量は0.01~1mg/cm2であることが好ましく、0.05~0.5mg/cm2であることがより好ましい。この条件を満たすと、触媒層内におけるイオン伝導が容易になり、触媒の効果がより強く発現するので好ましい。
2H2O → 4H++O2+4e- ・・・(1)
CO2+2H++2e- → CO+H2O ・・・(2)
2H++2e- → H2 ・・・(3)
2CO2+2H2O+4e- → 2CO+4OH- ・・・(4)
2H2O+2e- → H2+2OH- ・・・(5)
4OH- → 2H2O+O2+4e- ・・・(6)
以下の手順に従い、図2に示す二酸化炭素電解装置を作製した。
実施例1に対して、有機溶媒による洗浄条件を変更し、濡れ性が0.06である触媒層を準備し、実施例1と同様にして評価したところ、部分電流密度の最高値は340mAcm-2であった。
実施例1に対して、濡れ性の異なる触媒層を形成させた。具体的には親水性ポリマーの含有量が異なる金属触媒を用いた。図5は金属触媒の熱重量測定の結果である。実施例1で使用した金属触媒と比較して、比較例1の金属触媒は450℃まで温度を上昇させると重量が大きく減少している。これにより比較例1に用いた金属触媒は親水性ポリマーの含有量が多いことがわかる。これを用いて実施例1と同様の手順で触媒層を形成し、電極を作製した。なお、金の担持量や金ナノ粒子の平均粒径はどちらもほぼ同じになるように作製した。形成した触媒層のみを取り出し、窒素および水蒸気を吸着質としたBET比表面積測定を行ったところ、算出された濡れ性は0.09であった。
101…二酸化炭素電解セル用触媒層
102…電極基材
200…二酸化炭素電解装置
201…電源
202…セル
203…アノード部
203a…アノード
203b…アノード溶液流路
203c…第1の流路板
203d…アノード集電板
204…カソード部
204a…二酸化炭素還元電極
204b…二酸化炭素ガス流路
204c…第2の流路板
204d…二酸化炭素ガス流路
205…セパレータ
300…二酸化炭素電解装置
301…電源
302…セル
303…アノード部
303a…アノード
303b…アノード溶液流路
303c…第1の流路板
303d…アノード集電板
304…カソード部
304a…カソード溶液流路
304b…第3の流路板
304c…二酸化炭素還元電極
304d…二酸化炭素ガス流路
304e…第2の流路板
304f…カソード集電板
305…セパレータ
Claims (22)
- 炭素材料に担持された金属触媒、イオン伝導性物質、および親水性ポリマーを含む二酸化炭素電解セル用電極触媒層であって、前記触媒層の窒素吸着により求められたBET比表面積(AN2)と、前記触媒層の水蒸気吸着により求められたBET比表面積(AH2O)とから算出される比(AH2O/AN2)が0.08以下である、触媒層。
- 前記親水性ポリマーが、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルピロリドン、メトキシポリエチレンオキシドメタクリレート、ポリアクリル酸、ポリエチレンイミン、ポリビニルアミン、シクロデキストリン、およびメチルセルロースからなる群より選ばれる、請求項1に記載の触媒層。
- 前記触媒層の厚みが5~200μmである、請求項1および2に記載の触媒層。
- 水銀圧入法で細孔径を測定したとき、細孔径を横軸、log微分細孔容積を縦軸とする細孔径分布において、直径5~200μmの範囲に分布頻度が最大となるピークが観察される、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の触媒層。
- 前記炭素材料が、カーボン粒子、カーボンナノチューブ、およびグラフェンからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つである、請求項1~4に記載の触媒層。
- 前記金属触媒が、Au、Ag、Cu、Pt、Pd、Ni、Co、Fe、Mn、Ti、Cd、Zn、In、Ga、Pb、およびSnからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの金属またはその金属酸化物であり、前記金属触媒がナノ粒子、ナノ構造体、ナノワイヤからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの構造を有する、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の触媒層。
- 前記ナノ粒子の平均直径が1~15nmである、請求項6に記載の触媒層。
- 前記触媒層の単位面積あたりの、前記金属触媒の重量が0.01~5 mg/cm2である、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の触媒層。
- 前記イオン伝導性物質がカチオン交換樹脂またはアニオン交換樹脂である、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の触媒層。
- 炭素材料に担持された金属触媒、イオン伝導性物質、および親水性ポリマーを含む組成物を基材表面に塗布し、乾燥することを含む、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の二酸化炭素電解セル用電極触媒層の製造方法であって、
前記組成物に含まれる親水性ポリマーを有機溶媒によって抽出して含有量を減少させる、または
前記組成物を塗布した後の組成物層を高温焼成することによって前記親水性ポリマーの含有量を減少させる
ことを含む、方法。 - 前記有機溶媒が、アセトン、エタノール、メタノール、ジメチルスルホキシド、ジメチルアセトアミド、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、およびそれらの混合物からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記高温焼成の条件が、前記組成物層を400℃以下の温度で加熱することを含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の触媒層が、電極基材上に形成されている二酸化炭素電解セル用電極。
- 水または水酸化物イオンを酸化して酸素を生成するアノードと、前記アノードにアノード溶液を供給するアノード溶液流路とを備えるアノード部と、二酸化炭素を還元して炭素化合物を生成する、請求項13に記載の電極を備えるカソードと、前記カソードに二酸化炭素を供給するガス流路とを備えるカソード部と、前記アノード部と前記カソード部とを分離するセパレータとを具備する二酸化炭素の電解セル。
- 水または水酸化物イオンを酸化して酸素を生成するアノードと、前記アノードにアノード溶液を供給するアノード溶液流路を備えるアノード部と、二酸化炭素を還元して炭素化合物を生成する、請求項13に記載の電極を備えるカソードと、前記カソードにカソード溶液を供給するカソード溶液流路と、前記カソードに二酸化炭素を供給するガス流路とを備えるカソード部と、前記アノード部と前記カソード部とを分離するセパレータとを具備し、前記アノードは、前記セパレータと接する第1の面と、前記アノード溶液が前記アノードと接するように、前記アノード溶液流路に面する第2の面とを有する、二酸化炭素の電解セル。
- 前記カソードは、前記カソード溶液流路に面する第1の面と、前記ガス流路に面する第2の面とを有し、前記カソード溶液流路は前記カソード溶液が前記セパレータおよび前記カソードと接するように、前記セパレータと前記カソードとの間に配置されている、請求項15に記載の電解セル。
- 前記アノードは、メッシュ材、パンチング材、多孔体、および金属繊維焼結体からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つを有する基材を備え、 前記アノードは、アノード触媒からなる前記基材、または前記基材の表面に設けられたアノード触媒からなる触媒層を有する、請求項14~16のいずれかに記載の電解セル。
- 前記基材は、Ti、Ni、およびFeからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つを含む金属材料からなり、前記アノード触媒は、Ni、Fe、Co、Mn、La、Ru、Li、Ir、In、Sn、およびTiからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの金属を含む金属材料、または前記金属を含む酸化物材料からなる、請求項17に記載の電解セル。
- 前記アノード溶液および前記カソード溶液は、水酸化物イオン、水素イオン、カリウムイオン、ナトリウムイオン、リチウムイオン、塩化物イオン、臭化物イオン、ヨウ化物イオン、硝酸イオン、硫酸イオン、リン酸イオン、ホウ酸イオン、および炭酸水素イオンからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つのイオンを含む、請求項15~18のいずれかに記載の電解セル。
- 前記セパレータはカチオン交換膜、アニオン交換膜、多孔質膜からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つである請求項14~19のいずれかに記載の電解セル。
- 前記炭素化合物は、一酸化炭素、メタン、エタン、エチレン、メタノール、エタノール、およびエチレングリコールからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つを含む、請求項14~20のいずれか1項に記載の電解セル。
- 請求項14~21のいずれか1項に記載の電解セルと、前記電解セルの前記アノードと前記カソードとの間に電流を流す電源とを具備する二酸化炭素の電解装置。
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JP2020049682A JP7198238B2 (ja) | 2020-03-19 | 2020-03-19 | 二酸化炭素電解セル用電極触媒層、ならびにそれを具備する、電解セルおよび二酸化炭素電解用電解装置 |
EP20194582.1A EP3882377A1 (en) | 2020-03-19 | 2020-09-04 | Electrode catalyst layer for carbon dioxide electrolysis cell, electrolysis cell and carbon dioxide electrolysis apparatus comprising the same |
US17/014,103 US20210292921A1 (en) | 2020-03-19 | 2020-09-08 | Electrode catalyst layer for carbon dioxide electrolysis cell, electrolysis cell and carbon dioxide electrolysis apparatus comprising the same |
CN202010938719.5A CN113493917B (zh) | 2020-03-19 | 2020-09-09 | 二氧化碳电解池用电极催化剂层、及具备其的电解池和二氧化碳电解用电解装置 |
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