JP7186329B2 - アイオノマー樹脂、樹脂シートおよび合わせガラス - Google Patents
アイオノマー樹脂、樹脂シートおよび合わせガラス Download PDFInfo
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- JP7186329B2 JP7186329B2 JP2022505432A JP2022505432A JP7186329B2 JP 7186329 B2 JP7186329 B2 JP 7186329B2 JP 2022505432 A JP2022505432 A JP 2022505432A JP 2022505432 A JP2022505432 A JP 2022505432A JP 7186329 B2 JP7186329 B2 JP 7186329B2
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Description
本発明は、アイオノマー樹脂およびその製造方法、該アイオノマー樹脂を含む層を1層以上有する樹脂シート、該樹脂シートからなる合わせガラス中間膜、および該合わせガラス中間膜を有する合わせガラスに関する。
(メタ)アクリル酸中和物単位(B)、および
エチレン単位(C)
を含む、アイオノマー樹脂であって、
前記単位(A)および前記単位(B)の合計含有量は、前記アイオノマー樹脂を構成する全単量体単位を基準として6~10モル%であり、
前記アイオノマー樹脂中の遷移金属の含有量は0.01~100mg/kgである、
アイオノマー樹脂。
〔2〕 前記アイオノマー樹脂は、さらに(メタ)アクリル酸エステル単位(D)を含み、前記単位(A)、前記単位(B)および前記単位(D)の合計含有量は、前記アイオノマー樹脂を構成する全単量体単位を基準として6~10モル%である、〔1〕に記載のアイオノマー樹脂。
〔3〕 前記遷移金属は、鉄、ニッケル、マンガンおよびクロムからなる群から選択される1種以上の金属である、〔1〕または〔2〕に記載のアイオノマー樹脂。
〔4〕 〔1〕~〔3〕のいずれかに記載のアイオノマー樹脂を含む層を1層以上有する、樹脂シート。
〔5〕 〔4〕に記載の樹脂シートからなる合わせガラス中間膜。
〔6〕 2つのガラス板と、該2つのガラス板の間に配置された〔5〕に記載の合わせガラス中間膜とを有する、合わせガラス。
〔7〕 エチレン-(メタ)アクリル酸エステル共重合体を強塩基によりけん化する工程、および
前記工程により得られたけん化物を強酸により脱金属化する工程
を含み、前記けん化工程および/または前記脱金属化工程を遷移金属の存在下で行う、〔1〕~〔3〕のいずれかに記載のアイオノマー樹脂の製造方法。
〔8〕 前記脱金属化を、けん化物の溶液に強酸を液中添加することにより行う、〔7〕に記載の方法。
〔9〕 前記けん化工程および/または前記脱金属化工程を反応装置を用いて行い、前記反応装置の少なくとも一部は、遷移金属としてニッケルおよびクロムを合計で50質量%以上含む合金である、〔7〕または〔8〕に記載の方法。
〔10〕 前記反応装置の少なくとも一部は、反応槽、撹拌翼、バッフル、ならびに、強塩基および/または強酸を反応槽内に供給するフィードラインからなる群から選択される少なくとも一部である、〔9〕に記載の方法。
本発明のアイオノマー樹脂は、(メタ)アクリル酸単位(A)、(メタ)アクリル酸中和物単位(B)、およびエチレン単位(C)を含み、アイオノマー樹脂中の遷移金属の含有量は0.01~100mg/kgである。
本発明の一実施形態において、アイオノマー樹脂の高湿条件下における透明性、耐熱分解性、および高湿条件下におけるガラスとの接着性を高めやすい観点からは、前記遷移金属は、第一遷移金属であることが好ましく、より好ましくは鉄、ニッケル、マンガンおよびクロムからなる群から選択される1種以上の金属、さらに好ましくは少なくとも鉄を含む1種以上の金属である。
本発明において、「単位」とは、「由来の構成単位」を意味するものであり、例えば(メタ)アクリル酸単位とは、(メタ)アクリル酸由来の構成単位を示し、(メタ)アクリル酸中和物単位とは、(メタ)アクリル酸中和物由来の構成単位を示し、エチレン単位とはエチレン由来の構成単位を示す。また、本明細書において、「(メタ)アクリル酸」とは、メタクリル酸またはアクリル酸を示す。
エチレン単位(C)の含有量は、アイオノマー樹脂の耐衝撃性を高めやすい観点から、アイオノマー樹脂を構成する全単量体単位を基準として、好ましくは80モル%以上、より好ましくは85モル%以上、さらに好ましくは88モル%以上であり、また、アイオノマー樹脂の透明性(特に徐冷時の透明性)を高めやすい観点から、好ましくは94モル%以下、より好ましくは91モル%以下である。エチレン単位(C)の含有量が上記下限値以上であると、機械的強度および成形加工性を向上しやすく、また、上記上限値以下であると、アイオノマー樹脂が結晶化にくくなり、透明性(特に徐冷時の透明性)を向上しやすい。
これらのうち、透明性または耐熱性の観点から、好ましい単量体は、(メタ)アクリル酸メチル、(メタ)アクリル酸エチル、(メタ)アクリル酸n-プロピル、(メタ)アクリル酸イソプロピル、(メタ)アクリル酸n-ブチル、(メタ)アクリル酸イソブチル、(メタ)アクリル酸sec-ブチル、(メタ)アクリル酸t-ブチルであり、より好ましい単量体は、(メタ)アクリル酸メチル、(メタ)アクリル酸エチル、(メタ)アクリル酸n-プロピル、(メタ)アクリル酸イソプロピル、(メタ)アクリル酸n-ブチル、(メタ)アクリル酸イソブチルであり、さらに好ましい単量体は、(メタ)アクリル酸メチル、(メタ)アクリル酸n-ブチル、(メタ)アクリル酸イソブチルであり、特に好ましい単量体は、(メタ)アクリル酸メチルである。これら(メタ)アクリル酸エステルは1種単独でも2種以上の組み合わせでもよい。
前記カルボン酸単位(A1)を構成する単量体の例としては、イタコン酸、無水マレイン酸、マレイン酸モノメチル、マレイン酸モノエチル等が挙げられ、好ましくはマレイン酸モノメチル、マレイン酸モノエチルである。前記カルボン酸中和物単位(B1)を構成する単量体の例としては、前記カルボン酸単位(A1)の中和物単位等が挙げられる。なお、カルボン酸中和物は、カルボン酸の水素イオンを金属イオンで置き換えたものである。前記金属イオンとしては、上述の(メタ)アクリル酸中和物単位(B)における金属イオンと同様のものが挙げられ、該金属イオンは、1種単独でも2種以上の組み合わせでもよい。
これらの他の単量体単位は1種単独でも2種以上の組み合わせでもよい。
エチレン-(メタ)アクリル酸エステル共重合体(X)を強塩基によりけん化する工程(けん化工程)、および
前記工程により得られたけん化物を強酸により脱金属化する工程(脱金属化工程)
を含み、
前記けん化工程および/または前記脱金属化工程を遷移金属の存在下で行う方法(以降、製造方法(I)ともいう)によって製造できる。
本発明の一実施形態において、反応系内に存在する遷移金属は、高湿条件下におけるガラスとの接着性を高めやすい観点から、少なくとも1種の遷移金属を含む合金であることが好ましく、より好ましくは鉄、ニッケル、マンガンおよびクロムからなる群から選択される1種以上の金属を含む合金、さらに好ましくは鉄、ニッケル、マンガンおよびクロムからなる群から選択される2種以上の金属を含む合金である。
これらの共重合体として、市販品を用いてもよく、US2013/0274424、特開2006-233059または特開2007-84743に記載の高温高圧ラジカル重合法によって合成したものを用いてもよい。前記市販品としては、例えば、住友化学(株)製「アクリフト」(登録商標)WK307、日本ポリエチレン(株)製「レクスパール」(登録商標)A4250等が挙げられる。
共重合体(X)中の(メタ)アクリル酸エステル単位の含有量は、エチレンと(メタ)アクリル酸エステルとの共重合比によって調整できる。なお、前記含有量は、上述のアイオノマー樹脂中の(メタ)アクリル酸単位(A)、(メタ)アクリル酸中和物単位(B)、およびエチレン単位(C)、ならびに含まれる場合(メタ)アクリル酸エステル単位(D)、および他の単量体単位(例えば単位(A1)および単位(B1))の各含有量と同様に、熱分解ガスクロマトグラフィー、核磁気共鳴分光法(NMR)および元素分析によって求めることができる。
これらのうち、けん化反応前後の樹脂の溶解性の観点から、好ましい溶媒は炭化水素化合物とアルコール類との混合溶媒、芳香族化合物とアルコール類との混合溶媒であり、より好ましい溶媒はトルエン等の芳香族化合物とメタノール等のアルコール類との混合溶媒である。前記混合溶媒における炭化水素化合物または芳香族化合物とアルコール類と割合は、用いる各溶媒の種類に応じて適宜選択すればよく、例えば、炭化水素化合物または芳香族化合物とアルコール類との質量割合(炭化水素化合物または芳香族化合物/アルコール類)は、50/50~90/10であってよい。
反応槽内の気相部を経由してけん化物の溶液に強酸を添加する場合、添加する強酸が反応槽の気相部壁面に接触しにくくする観点から、強酸の添加は、反応槽中心から反応槽壁面までの距離のうち最も短い距離を距離Lとしたときに、反応槽中心から前記距離Lの20%以内の領域の直上部から、気相部を経由して添加することが好ましい。また、反応槽内の気相部を経由して添加する場合、添加する強酸が反応槽の気相部壁面に接触しにくくする観点から、強酸の添加は、液面から好ましくは2m以内、より好ましくは1m以内の距離の位置から行うことが好ましい。例えば、強酸をフィードラインにより反応槽内に供給する場合、添加ノズルのフィード口を、反応槽中心から前記距離Lの20%以内の領域であって、液面から2m以内または1m以内の位置に設置して、反応槽内の気相部を経由してけん化物の溶液に強酸を添加してもよい。上記のようにして、添加する強酸が反応槽の気相部壁面に接触しにくくすることにより、強酸による遷移金属の腐食の進行度合いを制御しやすく、アイオノマー樹脂中の遷移金属の含有量を観点から、0.01~100mg/kgの範囲内に調整しやすい。
水とアルコール類との混合液における水とアルコール類との割合(水/アルコール類(質量%))は、好ましくは20/80~80/20、より好ましくは30/70~70/30である。
エチレンと(メタ)アクリル酸とを共重合して、エチレン-(メタ)アクリル酸共重合体を得る工程(共重合工程)、
得られたエチレン-(メタ)アクリル酸共重合体を強塩基により部分中和する工程(部分中和工程)、および
得られた部分中和物に遷移金属を添加する工程(添加工程)
を含む方法によって、遷移金属を0.01~100mg/kg含有するアイオノマー樹脂を製造し得る。
本発明において、樹脂組成物は添加剤として、シランカップリング剤等の接着促進剤を含んでもよいが、架橋ゲルの生成を抑制して、外観が良好な樹脂シートを得やすい観点からは、接着促進剤を含まないことが好ましい。
本発明は本発明のアイオノマー樹脂を含む層を1層以上有する樹脂シートも包含する。本発明の樹脂シートは、本発明のアイオノマー樹脂を含む層(以下、層(x)ともいう)を1層以上有する。層(x)は本発明のアイオノマー樹脂または本発明における樹脂組成物を含んでなる層である。
本発明の樹脂シートは、層(x)のみから構成されていてもよく、層(x)を少なくとも1層含む積層体であってもよい。前記積層体としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、2層以上の層(x)を含む積層体、1層以上の層(x)と1層以上の他の層とを含む積層体等が挙げられる。層(x)または他の層が複数の層である場合、各層を構成する樹脂または樹脂組成物は、同じでも異なっていてもよい。
本発明の樹脂シートの製造方法は特に限定されない。例えば、本発明のアイオノマー樹脂および任意の添加剤を均一に混練した後、押出法、カレンダー法、プレス法、溶液キャスト法、溶融キャスト法、インフレーション法等の公知の製膜方法により層(x)を製造できる。層(x)は単独で樹脂シートとして使用してもよい。また、必要に応じて、2層以上の層(x)、または1層以上の層(x)と1層以上の他の層とをプレス成形等で積層させて積層樹脂シートにしてもよく、2層以上の層(x)、または1層以上の層(x)と1層以上の他の層とを共押出法により成形して積層樹脂シートとしてもよい。層(x)または他の層が複数の層である場合、各層を構成する樹脂または樹脂組成物は、同じでも異なっていてもよい。
本発明の樹脂シートは、合わせガラス中間膜(単に中間膜ともいう)として好適に使用できる。したがって、本発明は、本発明の樹脂シートからなる合わせガラス中間膜を包含する。また、本発明は、2つのガラス板と、該2つのガラス板の間に配置された本発明の合わせガラス中間膜とを有する、合わせガラスも包含する。本発明の合わせガラスは、前記樹脂シートからなる合わせガラス中間膜を有するため、優れた透明性を有することができる。
(原料樹脂)
実施例および比較例において原料として用いたエチレン-(メタ)アクリル酸エステル共重合体を重トルエンまたは重THFに溶解させ、1H-NMR(400MHz、日本電子(株)製)にて組成を定量した。
実施例および比較例で得られたアイオノマー樹脂について、該アイオノマー樹脂における(メタ)アクリル酸単位(A)、(メタ)アクリル酸中和物単位(B)、エチレン単位(C)、および(メタ)アクリル酸エステル単位(D)の含有量の分析を、以下のようにして行った。
(1)熱分解GC-MSにより、樹脂を構成する単量体単位の成分を分析した。
(2)JIS K0070-1992に準じて、樹脂の酸価を測定した。
(3)重水素化トルエンと重水素化メタノールとの混合溶媒を用いて、樹脂の1H-NMR(400MHz、日本電子(株)製)測定を行った。
(4)また、実施例および比較例で得られたアイオノマー樹脂を、それぞれ、硝酸によるマイクロ波分解前処理に付した後、ICP発光分析(Thermo Fisher Scientific社製、「iCAP6500Duo」)によって、(メタ)アクリル酸中和物単位(B)の金属イオンの種類と量を同定した。
上記(1)から、(メタ)アクリル酸エステル単位(D)および(メタ)アクリル酸単位(A)の種類と構造を同定した。その情報、ならびに上記(2)および(3)の情報から、エチレン単位(C)/(メタ)アクリル酸エステル単位(D)/((メタ)アクリル酸単位(A)と(メタ)アクリル酸中和物単位(B)の合計)の比率を算出した。さらに、上記(4)の情報からエチレン単位(C)/(メタ)アクリル酸エステル単位(D)/(メタ)アクリル酸単位(A)/(メタ)アクリル酸中和物単位(B)の比率を算出した。
実施例および比較例で得られたアイオノマー樹脂0.1gに、硝酸6.0mlを添加し、マイクロ波分解装置(CEM社製、「Discover SP-D80」)を用いて分解を行った。前記分解は、硝酸を添加したアイオノマー樹脂をマイクロ波分解装置付属の容器に入れ、初期温度(23℃)から210℃まで4分間かけて昇温し、昇温後210℃で4分間保持し、次いで、容器温度が80℃に下がるまで分解装置内の空冷用のファンを用いて冷却することにより行った。
冷却後、得られた分解物の溶液を50mlのPFA製メスフラスコで希釈し、次いで0.45μm厚の濾過フィルターを用いて濾過を行い、次いで、高周波誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析(Thermo Fisher SCIENTIFIC社製、「iCAP6500Duo」)により、樹脂脂組成物中の遷移金属含有量を測定した。
JIS K7210に準拠して、実施例および比較例で用いた原料樹脂、および実施例および比較例で得られたアイオノマー樹脂のメルトフローレートを測定した。具体的には、各樹脂をシリンダ内で溶融し、190℃、2.16kg荷重条件の下で、シリンダ底部に設置された公称孔径2.095mmのダイから押し出し、10分間あたりに押し出される樹脂量(g/10分)を測定した。
JIS K7120-1987に準拠して、実施例および比較例で得られたアイオノマー樹脂の耐熱分解性を評価した。具体的には、示差熱熱重量同時測定装置TG-DTA7200((株)日立ハイテクサイエンス製)を用い、昇温速度10℃/分、流量50mL/分の窒素雰囲気下で、各樹脂を20℃~550℃まで加熱した際の重量減少率を測定した。200℃時点の重量を基準に重量減少率が1%となる際の温度である1%重量減少温度(Td1)を耐熱分解性の指標とした。
実施例および比較例で得られたアイオノマー樹脂をそれぞれ210℃で溶融混練し、その溶融混練物を210℃での加熱下、4.9MPa(50kgf/cm2)の圧力にて5分間圧縮成形し、厚さ0.8mmの樹脂シートを得た。得られた樹脂シートを日本電色工業株式会社製の測色色差計「ZE-2000」(商品名)を用い、JIS Z8722に準拠して測定した。得られた値を元にJIS K7373に準拠して算出した黄色度の値をイエロインデックス(YI)とした。
高湿条件下における透明性を、以下の方法で吸水ヘイズを測定することにより評価した。上述の方法と同様にして得られた樹脂シートを50mm四方に切り出し、切り出したサンプルを23℃のイオン交換水に浸漬させた状態で300時間保持し、吸水サンプルを得た。イオン交換水から取出した吸水サンプルの表面に付着した水分を拭き取った後、吸水サンプルのヘイズをヘイズメーターHZ-1(スガ試験機(株)製)を用いてJIS K7136:2000に準拠して測定した。
上述の方法と同様にして得られた樹脂シートを厚さ2.7mmのフロートガラス2枚に挟み、真空ラミネーター(日清紡メカトロニクス(株)製 1522N)を使用し、100℃で真空ラミネーター内を1分間減圧し、減圧度および温度を保持したまま30kPaで5分間プレスして、仮接着体を得た。得られた仮接着体をオートクレーブに投入し、140℃、1.2MPaで30分間処理して、30cm角の大きさの合わせガラスを得た。
上述の方法にて得られた合わせガラスを140℃まで加熱したのち、0.1℃/分の速度で23℃まで徐冷した。徐冷操作後の合わせガラスのヘイズをヘイズメーターHZ-1(スガ試験機(株)製)を用いてJIS K7136:2000に準拠して測定した。
上述の方法と同様にして得られた合わせガラスを、国際公開第2019/027865号公報に記載の剥離接着力測定(Peel Adhesion Measurement)として記載されている方法に従い、万能試験機(MTS Criterion M45)を用い、23℃、50%RH条下にて、1cm/分の速度で90°方向に剥離試験を行い、剥離力PDryを測定した。剥離力PDry、剥離試験片の幅Wから、Dry条件下における剥離エネルギーγを下記式により算出した。
Dry条件下における剥離エネルギーγDry〔kJ/m2〕=PDry〔kJ/m〕/W〔m〕
高湿条件下におけるガラスとの接着性を、以下の方法でWet条件下における剥離エネルギーを測定することにより評価した。上述の方法と同様にして得られた合わせガラスを、国際公開第2019/027865号公報に記載の剥離接着力測定(Peel Adhesion Measurement)として記載されている方法に従い、万能試験機(MTS Criterion M45)を用い、23℃、50%RH条下にて1cm/分の速度で90°方向に剥離試験を行った。試験片を100mm剥離したところで、ガラスと剥離面の間に水を垂らしWet状態とし、0.025cm/分の速度で剥離を再開し、Wet状態における剥離力PWetを測定した。剥離力PWet、剥離試験片の幅WからWet条件下における剥離エネルギーγWetを下式より算出した。
Wet条件下における剥離エネルギーγWet〔kJ/m2〕=PWet〔kJ/m〕/W〔m〕
上述の方法と同様にして得られた30cm角の大きさの合わせガラスを目視観察し、樹脂シートのゲル化物の有無を確認し、下記基準で評価した。
A:確認されたゲル化物が5個未満
B:確認されたゲル化物が5個以上
上記基準において、A評価は、樹脂シートの外観が良好であることを意味する。
実施例および比較例において、アイオノマー樹脂の原料として用いた各エチレン-(メタ)アクリル酸エステル共重合体(X)のメタクリル酸メチル(MMA)変性量またはアクリル酸エチル(EA)変性量、およびMFRを表1に示す。
例えば、EMMA1として住友化学(株)製「アクリフト」(登録商標)WK307、EEA1として日本ポリエチレン(株)製「レクスパール」(登録商標)A4250を用いることができる。
エチレン-(メタ)アクリル酸エステル共重合体(X)を原料として用いた実施例および比較例において、エチレン-(メタ)アクリル酸エステル共重合体(X)のけん化反応および脱金属化反応を行った各反応槽の材質およびその組成を以下に示す。
ハステロイB2:ニッケル68質量%、モリブデン28質量%、鉄2質量%、クロム1質量%、コバルト1質量%
ハステロイC22:ニッケル56質量%、モリブデン13質量%、鉄3質量%、クロム22質量%、その他6%質量
SUS312L:ニッケル20質量%、モリブデン7質量%、鉄47質量%、クロム21質量%、その他5%質量
SUS316L:ニッケル15質量%、モリブデン3質量%、鉄59質量%、クロム18質量%、その他5質量%
SUS304:ニッケル11質量%、鉄64質量%、クロム20質量%、その他5質量%
SUS316:ニッケル14質量%、モリブデン3質量%、鉄60質量%、クロム18質量%、その他5質量%
ハステロイB2製のマックスブレンド翼を備えた耐圧容器を反応槽として用いた。前記反応槽に、表1中のEMMA1、100質量部を導入し、そこにトルエン233質量部を加えて、0.02MPa加圧下、60℃で撹拌し、EMMA1を溶解させた。得られた溶液に水酸化ナトリウムのメタノール溶液(20質量%)96質量部を添加し、100℃で4時間撹拌し、EMMA1をけん化して、メタクリル酸メチル単位の一部をメタクリル酸ナトリウム単位に変換した。次いで、この溶液を50℃まで冷却した後に、塩酸(20質量%)83質量部を反応液中に直接添加し、50℃で1時間撹拌して、メタクリル酸ナトリウム単位の一部をメタクリル酸に変換し、粗アイオノマー樹脂溶液を得た。
得られた粗アイオノマー樹脂溶液にトルエン/メタノール(75/25質量%)の混合溶媒を粗アイオノマー樹脂濃度が10質量%となるように添加して、該溶液を希釈した。次いで、得られた粗アイオノマー樹脂の希釈溶液を34℃に調整した後、前記希釈溶液に34℃のメタノールを粗アイオノマー樹脂溶液100質量部に対して430質量部添加して、粒状樹脂を析出させた。次いで、得られた粒状樹脂を濾取した後、濾取した粒状樹脂100質量部と水/メタノール(50/50質量%)の混合溶媒600質量部とを混合した。前記混合により得られたスラリーを40℃で1時間撹拌し、その後、粒状樹脂を室温にて濾取した。水/メタノールの混合溶媒による粒状樹脂の洗浄をさらに3回行い、洗浄されたアイオノマー樹脂を得た。
得られたアイオノマー樹脂を8時間以上真空乾燥した後、分析し、特性を評価した。アイオノマー樹脂1の分析結果および評価結果を表2および表3に示す。
ハステロイB2製の耐圧容器に代えてハステロイC22製の耐圧容器を反応槽として用い、EMMA1に代えてEMMA2を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、アイオノマー樹脂を得た。得られたアイオノマー樹脂の分析結果および評価結果を表2および表3に示す。
ハステロイB2製の耐圧容器に代えてハステロイC22製の耐圧容器反応槽として用い、EMMA1に代えてEMMA2を用い、塩酸を反応槽上部の液面より1mの距離のノズルから気相部を経由して反応液に滴下して添加した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、アイオノマー樹脂を得た。得られたアイオノマー樹脂の分析結果および評価結果を表2および表3に示す。
ハステロイB2製の耐圧容器に代えてSUS312L製の耐圧容器を反応槽として用い、EMMA1に代えてEMMA2を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、アイオノマー樹脂を得た。得られたアイオノマー樹脂の分析結果および評価結果を表2および表3に示す。
ステロイB2製の耐圧容器に代えてSUS316L製の耐圧容器を反応槽として用い、EMMA1に代えてEEA1を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、アイオノマー樹脂を得た。得られたアイオノマー樹脂の分析結果および評価結果を表2および表3に示す。
米国特許第6518365号に記載の方法を参考に、エチレンおよびメタアクリル酸を共重合してエチレン-(メタ)アクリル酸共重合体を得た後、該共重合体を水酸化ナトリウムにより部分中和した。得られた部分中和物100質量部に、3.4×10-4質量部の塩化鉄(II)20%水溶液を押出機中で添加することにより、遷移金属を含有するアイオノマー樹脂を得た。得られたアイオノマー樹脂の分析結果および評価結果を表2および表3に示す。
ハステロイB2製の耐圧容器に代えてSUS304製の耐圧容器を反応槽として用い、EMMA1に代えてEMMA2を用い、塩酸を反応槽上部の液面より3mの距離のノズルから気相部を経由して反応液に滴下して添加した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、アイオノマー樹脂を得た。得られたアイオノマー樹脂の分析結果および評価結果を表2および表3に示す。
SUS304製の耐圧容器に代えてSUS316製の耐圧容器を反応槽として用いた以外は、比較例1と同様にして、アイオノマー樹脂を得た。得られたアイオノマー樹脂の分析結果および評価結果を表2示す。
ハステロイB2製の耐圧容器に代えてハステロイC22製の耐圧容器を反応槽として用い、EMMA1に代えてEMMA3を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、アイオノマー樹脂を得た。得られたアイオノマー樹脂の分析結果および評価結果を表2および表3に示す。
米国特許第6518365号に記載の方法を参考に、エチレンおよびメタアクリル酸を共重合してエチレン-(メタ)アクリル酸共重合体を得た後、該共重合体を水酸化ナトリウムにより部分中和することにより、アイオノマー樹脂を得た。得られたアイオノマー樹脂の分析結果および評価結果を表2および表3に示す。
比較例4で得られたアイオノマー樹脂100質量部にシランカップリング剤として3-グリシドキシプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン0.2質量部を溶融混練にて加えることにより、樹脂組成物を得た。得られた樹脂組成物の分析結果および評価結果を表2および表3に示す。
Claims (10)
- (メタ)アクリル酸単位(A)、
(メタ)アクリル酸中和物単位(B)、および
エチレン単位(C)
を含む、アイオノマー樹脂であって、
前記単位(A)および前記単位(B)の合計含有量は、前記アイオノマー樹脂を構成する全単量体単位を基準として6~10モル%であり、
前記アイオノマー樹脂中の遷移金属の含有量は0.01~100mg/kgである、
アイオノマー樹脂。 - 前記アイオノマー樹脂は、さらに(メタ)アクリル酸エステル単位(D)を含み、前記単位(A)、前記単位(B)および前記単位(D)の合計含有量は、前記アイオノマー樹脂を構成する全単量体単位を基準として10モル%以下である、請求項1に記載のアイオノマー樹脂。
- 前記遷移金属は、鉄、ニッケル、マンガンおよびクロムからなる群から選択される1種以上の金属である、請求項1または2に記載のアイオノマー樹脂。
- 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のアイオノマー樹脂を含む層を1層以上有する、樹脂シート。
- 請求項4に記載の樹脂シートからなる合わせガラス中間膜。
- 2つのガラス板と、該2つのガラス板の間に配置された請求項5に記載の合わせガラス中間膜とを有する、合わせガラス。
- エチレン-(メタ)アクリル酸エステル共重合体を強塩基によりけん化する工程、および
前記工程により得られたけん化物を強酸により脱金属化する工程
を含み、前記けん化工程および/または前記脱金属化工程を遷移金属の存在下で行う、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のアイオノマー樹脂の製造方法。 - 前記脱金属化を、けん化物の溶液に強酸を液中添加することにより行う、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記けん化工程および/または前記脱金属化工程を反応装置を用いて行い、前記反応装置の少なくとも一部は、遷移金属としてニッケルおよびクロムを合計で50質量%以上含む合金である、請求項7または8に記載の方法。
- 前記反応装置の少なくとも一部は、反応槽、撹拌翼、バッフル、ならびに、強塩基および/または強酸を反応槽内に供給するフィードラインからなる群から選択される少なくとも一部である、請求項9に記載の方法。
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