JP7124727B2 - 内燃機関の排気浄化装置、及び車両 - Google Patents
内燃機関の排気浄化装置、及び車両 Download PDFInfo
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Description
内燃機関の排気通路に配設される排気浄化装置であって、
前記排気通路内に配設されたSCR(Selective Catalytic Reduction)触媒と、
前記SCR触媒の上流側及び下流側それぞれにおいて排ガス中のNOx量を検出する上流側NOxセンサ及び下流側NOxセンサと、
前記排気通路内の前記SCR触媒の上流側で、尿素水を噴射する尿素水噴射装置と、
前記SCR触媒におけるアンモニアストレージ量を推定し、当該アンモニアストレージ量の推定値に基づいて、前記尿素水噴射装置の尿素水噴射量を制御する制御装置と、
を備え、
前記制御装置は、前記上流側NOxセンサ及び前記下流側NOxセンサそれぞれの検出値の推移をモニタリングし、
前記SCR触媒のNOx浄化率が第1閾値以下まで低下したときに、単位時間あたりの前記上流側NOxセンサの検出値の変化量が第2閾値以上であり、且つ、単位時間あたりの前記下流側NOxセンサの検出値の変化量が第3閾値以下である場合、前記SCR触媒においてオーバーストレージ状態が発生していることを示す異常検出信号を生成する、
排気浄化装置である。
上記排気浄化装置を備える車両である。
[排気浄化装置の構成]
以下、図1を参照して、第1の実施形態に係る排気浄化装置の構成について説明する。
次に、図2~図7を参照して、ECU100の詳細構成の一例について説明する。
NOx浄化率検出部101は、SCR触媒40におけるNOx浄化率を検出し、オーバーストレージ状態検出部105に送出する。NOx浄化率検出部101は、例えば、上流側NOxセンサ61のセンサ信号(即ち、SCR触媒40に流入するNOx量)及び下流側NOxセンサ62のセンサ信号(即ち、SCR触媒40から流出するNOx量)に基づいて、SCR触媒40におけるNOx浄化率を検出する。
アンモニアストレージ量推定部102は、SCR触媒40中のアンモニアストレージ量を推定する。アンモニアストレージ量推定部102は、典型的には、尿素水噴射装置50の尿素水噴射量に基づいて、SCR触媒40中に新たに吸着するアンモニアの吸着量を算出し、SCR触媒40に到来するNOx量に基づいて、SCR触媒40中のアンモニアの消費量を算出する。そして、アンモニアストレージ量推定部102は、SCR触媒40に新たに吸着したアンモニアの吸着量から、SCR触媒40中で消費したアンモニアの消費量を減算することによって、現時点におけるSCR触媒40中のアンモニアストレージ量を推定する。つまり、アンモニアストレージ量推定部102は、尿素水噴射量の推移とSCR触媒40におけるアンモニア消費量の推移とに基づいて、記憶部(例えば、RAM)に記憶する現時点のアンモニアストレージ量を逐次的に更新していく。
尿素水噴射制御部103は、尿素水添加弁51に開度指令信号を出力することによって、尿素水噴射装置50からの尿素水噴射を制御する。この際、尿素水噴射制御部103は、例えば、アンモニアストレージ量推定部102によって推定されるSCR触媒40におけるアンモニアストレージ量の推定値が目標値に維持されるように、尿素水噴射装置50の尿素水噴射量を制御する。これによって、SCR触媒40を、NOx浄化率が高い状態で維持する。
補正係数設定部104は、尿素水噴射制御部103にて尿素水噴射量を決定する際の補正係数である尿素噴射補正係数を設定する。
オーバーストレージ状態検出部105は、SCR触媒40におけるオーバーストレージ状態の発生を検出する。そして、オーバーストレージ状態検出部105は、SCR触媒40におけるオーバーストレージ状態の発生を検出した場合、アンモニアストレージ量推定部102及び補正係数設定部104に対して補正指令(本発明の「異常検出信号」に相当する)を出力する。
実線グラフ:SCR触媒40におけるアンモニアストレージ量の推定値の推移
点線グラフ:SCR触媒40におけるアンモニアストレージ量の実際値の推移
一点鎖線グラフ:SCR触媒40におけるストレージ可能量の推移
尚、図5中の矢印T1は、補正処理を行ったタイミングを示す。
以上のように、本実施形態に係る排気浄化装置Uによれば、早期に、SCR触媒におけるオーバーストレージ状態の発生を検出することができる。又、本実施形態に係る排気浄化装置Uによれば、高精度に、SCR触媒におけるオーバーストレージ状態の発生を検出することができる。そして、これにより、アンモニアストレージ量の推定値、及び、尿素噴射補正係数を適切に補正することができる。
次に、図8、図9を参照して、第2の実施形態に係るECU100の構成について説明する。本実施形態に係るECU100は、オーバーストレージ状態検出部105における判定条件の点で、第1の実施形態と相違する。尚、第1の実施形態と共通する構成については、説明を省略する。
本発明は、上記実施形態に限らず、種々に変形態様が考えられる。
10 エンジン
20 吸気通路
30 排気通路
40 SCR触媒(NOx選択還元化型触媒)
50 尿素水噴射装置
51 尿素水添加弁
52 尿素水タンク
53 サプライポンプ
61 上流側NOxセンサ
62 下流側NOxセンサ
63 温度センサ
64 流量センサ
100 ECU(制御装置)
101 NOx浄化率検出部
102 アンモニアストレージ量推定部
103 尿素水噴射制御部
104 補正係数設定部
105 オーバーストレージ状態検出部
Claims (6)
- 内燃機関の排気通路に配設される排気浄化装置であって、
前記排気通路内に配設されたSCR(Selective Catalytic Reduction)触媒と、
前記SCR触媒の上流側及び下流側それぞれにおいて排ガス中のNOx量を検出する上流側NOxセンサ及び下流側NOxセンサと、
前記排気通路内の前記SCR触媒の上流側で、尿素水を噴射する尿素水噴射装置と、
前記SCR触媒におけるアンモニアストレージ量を推定し、当該アンモニアストレージ量の推定値に基づいて、前記尿素水噴射装置の尿素水噴射量を制御する制御装置と、
を備え、
前記制御装置は、前記上流側NOxセンサ及び前記下流側NOxセンサそれぞれの検出値の推移をモニタリングし、
前記SCR触媒のNOx浄化率が第1閾値以下まで低下したときに、単位時間あたりの前記上流側NOxセンサの検出値の変化量が第2閾値以上であり、且つ、単位時間あたりの前記下流側NOxセンサの検出値の変化量が第3閾値以下である場合、前記SCR触媒においてオーバーストレージ状態が発生していることを示す異常検出信号を生成する、
排気浄化装置。 - 前記制御装置は、前記SCR触媒の温度が第4閾値以下であり、且つ、前記SCR触媒の温度の変化量が第5閾値以下である場合に限って、前記異常検出信号を生成する、
請求項1に記載の排気浄化装置。 - 前記制御装置は、前記SCR触媒におけるアンモニアストレージ可能量と前記アンモニアストレージ量の推定値との差が第6閾値以上である場合に限って、前記異常検出信号を生成する、
請求項1又は2に記載の排気浄化装置。 - 前記制御装置は、前記異常検出信号を生成した場合、前記アンモニアストレージ量の推定値を、前記SCR触媒の現時点でのストレージ可能量に補正する、
請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載の排気浄化装置。 - 前記制御装置は、前記異常検出信号を生成した場合、前記アンモニアストレージ量の推定値と目標値との間の差分の単位量当たりの前記尿素水噴射量が減少するように、前記尿素水噴射量を調整する補正係数を補正する、
請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載の排気浄化装置。 - 請求項1乃至5のいずれか一項に記載の排気浄化装置を備える車両。
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