JP7081923B2 - アポe模倣ペプチド及び血漿コレステロールを取り除くためのより高い効果 - Google Patents
アポe模倣ペプチド及び血漿コレステロールを取り除くためのより高い効果 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、その全体が参照によって本明細書に組み入れられる2014年7月31日に出願された米国特許仮出願番号第62/031,585号の利益を主張する。
本発明は、国立衛生研究所によって授与されたRO1HL090803のもとで政府の支援を受けた。政府は本発明に特定の権利を有する。
2015年7月20日に創られ、229,376バイトのサイズを有する「21085.0187P1_ST25.txt」と名付けられたテキストファイルとして2015年7月20日に提出された配列表は、37C.F.R.§1.52(e)(5)に従って参照によって本明細書に組み入れられる。
本明細書で使用される専門用語は、特定の実施形態を記載することのみを目的とし、限定するようには意図されない。
開示されるのは、アポリポタンパク質E模倣ペプチドまたはアポE模倣体である。アポE模倣ペプチドの非限定例が、本明細書で提供される。アポE模倣体は単一ドメインまたは二重ドメインのペプチドであってもよい。アポE模倣体を含有する組成物も開示される。
アポリポタンパク質E(アポE)は、例えば、超低密度リポタンパク質(VLDL)及びカイロミクロンなどのトリグリセリドが豊富なリポタンパク質の代謝において重要な役割を担う。アポリポタンパク質Eは、低密度リポタンパク質(LDL)受容体(アポB、E受容体)及び、LDL受容体関連タンパク質(LRP)、超低密度リポタンパク質受容体(VLDLR)及びアポE2受容体(アポE2R)を含む遺伝子ファミリーのメンバーへのアポE含有リポタンパク質の高親和性結合に介在する(Mahley,R.W.,(1988)Science 240,622-630)。アテローム性動脈硬化におけるアポEの推定上の複雑な役割は、いくつかの所見:(i)ヒトのアポEを過剰発現するマウスは低レベルの血漿総コレステロールレベルを有する(Shimono,H.N.,ら,(1992)、Eur.J.Clin.Invest.90,2084-2991)、(ii)コレステロールを食べさせたウサギへのヒトアポEの静脈内注射は、これらの動物をアテローム性動脈硬化から保護する(Yamada,ら,(1989)、Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.86,665-669)、及び(iii)マウスにおけるアポE遺伝子の喪失は、自然発生のアテローム性動脈硬化を生じ(Zhang,S.H.ら,(1992)、Science、258,468-471)、それはアポE欠損マウスにてマクロファージ特異的なapoE発現が開始されると改善する(Spangenberg,J.ら,(1997)、Biochem.Biophys.Acta、1349,109-121)、という所見によって強調されている。
開示されたペプチドは、脂肪酸部分、ω-アミノ脂肪酸部分、またはアセチル化ω-アミノ脂肪酸部分に結合することができる。種々の態様において、脂肪酸部分、ω-アミノ脂肪酸部分、またはアセチル化ω-アミノ脂肪酸部分は、ペプチドのN末端アミノ基を介して開示されたペプチドに結合する。
式中、Aは、2~32個の炭素原子を有する脂肪族基である。さらなる態様において、脂肪族基は、アルキル基である。さらに別の態様において、脂肪族基は、0~3つの二重結合を含む。さらに別の態様において、脂肪族基は、アルケニル基である。
ここで、Aは、2~32個の炭素原子を有する脂肪族基である。さらなる態様において、脂肪族基は、アルキル基である。さらに別の態様において、脂肪族基は、0~3個の二重結合を含む。さらに別の態様において、脂肪族基は、アルケニル基である。種々の態様において、Aは、-(CH2)5-である。
ここで、Aは、2~32個の炭素原子を有する脂肪族基である。さらなる態様において、脂肪族基は、アルキル基である。さらに別の態様において、脂肪族基は、0~3個の二重結合を含む。さらに別の態様において、脂肪族基は、アルケニル基である。種々の態様において、Aは、-(CH2)5-である。
ここで、Aは、2~32個の炭素原子を有する脂肪族基である。さらなる態様において、脂肪族基は、アルキル基である。さらに別の態様において、脂肪族基は、0~3個の二重結合を含む。さらに別の態様において、脂肪族基は、アルケニル基である。種々の態様において、Aは、-(CH2)5-である。
開示されるのは、単一ドメインの合成アポE模倣体である。単一ドメインの合成アポE模倣体は、アポEの受容体結合ドメインまたは脂質関連ペプチドからなることができる。
合成アポE模倣体のための受容体結合ドメインペプチドは、アポEのヒト受容体結合ドメインペプチドであってもよい。例えば、開示された合成アポE模倣体の受容体結合ドメインペプチドは、LRKLRKRLLR、LRRLRRRLLR、またはLRKLRKRFFRのアミノ酸配列を含んでもよい。そのような合成アポE模倣体の受容体結合ドメインペプチドは、マウス、ウサギ、サル、ラット、ウシ、ブタ及びイヌからなる群から選択される種に由来してもよい。
脂質関連ペプチドは、単独で使用することができ、またはアポE模倣ペプチドと併用して使用することができる。これらの合成アポE模倣体のための脂質関連ペプチドは、非極性面にて芳香族または脂肪族の残基を有するアポA-IのクラスAの両親媒性の螺旋ペプチド、アポA-IのクラスAの両親媒性の螺旋ペプチド模倣体、ペンタペプチド、テトラペプチド、トリペプチド、ジペプチド及びアミノ酸の対を含む小さなペプチド、アポ-J(G*ペプチド)及び、例えば、以下で記載されるようなペプチド模倣体であってもよいが、これらに限定されない。
一態様において、開示された方法での使用のための脂質関連ペプチドには、例えば、米国特許第6,664,230号及びPCT公開WO02/15923及びWO2004/034977にて記載されたようなクラスAの両親媒性の螺旋ペプチドが挙げられる。クラスAの両親媒性の螺旋を含むペプチド(「クラスAのペプチド」)は、アテローム性動脈硬化症の1以上の症状を緩和すると同様に他の障害を治療することが可能であることが発見された。
*リンカーには下線を引く;NMAはN-メチルアントラニリルである
b.非極性面にて芳香族または脂肪族の残基を有するアポA-IのクラスAの両親媒性の螺旋ペプチド模倣体
上述のクラスAの両親媒性の螺旋ペプチドの1以上と同一のアミノ酸組成を有するクラスAの両親媒性の螺旋ペプチド。従って、例えば、特定の実施形態において、本発明は、4Fと同一のアミノ酸組成を有するペプチドを熟考する。従って、特定の実施形態において、本発明は、18アミノ酸からなるペプチドを含む活性剤を含み、その際、18アミノ酸は、3つのアラニン(A)、2つのアスパラギン酸(D)、2つのグルタミン酸(E)、4つのフェニルアラニン(F)、4つのリジン(K)、1つのバリン(V)、1つのトリプトファン(W)及び1つのチロシン(Y)から成り、ペプチドは、クラスAの両親媒性の螺旋を形成し、酸化剤による酸化に対してリン脂質を保護する。種々の実施形態において、ペプチドは、少なくとも1つの「D」アミノ酸残基を含み;特定の実施形態において、ペプチドは、全て「D」形態のアミノ酸残基を含む。そのような種々のペプチドを表4で説明する。これらのペプチドのリバース(レトロ)、インバース、レトロ-インバース及び環状に順を変えた形態も熟考される。表4は、アミノ酸組成:3つのアラニン(A)、2つのアスパラギン酸(D)、2つのグルタミン酸(E)、4つのフェニルアラニン(F)、4つのリジン(K)、1つのバリン(V)、1つのトリプトファン(W)及び1つのチロシン(Y)を有する代表的な18アミノ酸の長さのクラスAの両親媒性の螺旋ペプチドの配列及び識別子の名称を提供する。
DXXKYXXDKXYDKXKDYX(配列番号367) (I)
によって記載されるクラスYの両親媒性の螺旋が挙げられるが、これには限定されず、式中、Dは独立してAspまたはGluであり、Kは独立してLysまたはArgであり、Xは独立してLeu、norLeu、Val、Ile、Trp、Phe、Tyr、β-Nal、またはα-Nalであり、2つのK残基の間の極性面にあることができる1つを除いてX残基は全て非極性面にあり(例えば、螺旋ホイール図で見た場合);Yは独立して非極性面におけるAla、His、Ser、Gln、Asn、またはThrであり(例えば、螺旋ホイール図で見た場合)、Yは独立して極性面におけるAla1つ、HIs1つ、Ser1つ、Gln1つ、Asn1つ、または極性面におけるThr1つであり(例えば、螺旋ホイール図で見た場合)、2以下のKは隣接し(例えば、螺旋ホイール図で見た場合)、3以下のDは隣接し(例えば、螺旋ホイール図で見た場合)、4番目のDはYによって他のDから分離される。ヒスチジン及び/またはα-及びβ-ナフトアラニンを伴うペプチドを含むこの種の代表的なペプチドを表5に示す。これらのペプチドのリバース(レトロ)、インバース、レトロ-インバース及び環状に順を変えた形態も熟考される。
4Nph Ac-DWNphKANphYDKVAEKNphKEANph-NH2 (配列番号460)
[D-E交換] 4Nph Ac-EWNphKANphYEKVADKNphKDANph-NH2 (配列番号461)
[D>E]4Nph Ac-EWNphKANphYEKVAEKNphKEANph-NH2 (配列番号462)
[E>D]4Nph Ac-DWNphKANphYDKVADKNphKDANph-NH2 (配列番号463)
[D-1>E]4Nph Ac-EWNphKANphYDKVAEKNphKEANph-NH2 (配列番号464)
[D-8>E]4Nph Ac-DWNphKANphYEKVAEKNphKEANph-NH2 (配列番号465)
[E-12>D]4Nph Ac-DWNphKANphYDKVADKNphKEANph-NH2 (配列番号466)
[E-16>D]4Nph Ac-DWNphKANphYDKVAEKNphKDANph-NH2 (配列番号467)
[F-3, 6,>Nph]4F Ac-DWNphKANphYDKVAEKFKEAF-NH2 (配列番号468)
[F-14, 18>Nph]4F Ac-DWFKAFYDKVAEKNphKEANph-NH2 (配列番号469)
[[F-3>Nph]4F Ac-DWNphKAFYDKVAEKFKEAF-NH2 (配列番号470)
[F-6>Nph]4F Ac-DWFKANphYDKVAEKFKEAF-NH2 (配列番号471)
[F-14>Nph]4F Ac-DWFKAFYDKVAEKNphKEAF-NH2 (配列番号472)
[F-18>Nph]4F Ac-DWFKAFYDKVAEKFKEANph-NH2 (配列番号473)
Rev-4Nph Ac-NphAEKNphKEAVKDYNphAKNphWD-NH2 (配列番号474)
[F-3, 6>Nph]Rev Ac-NphAEKNphKEAVKDYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号475)
4F [F-13, 16]Rev-4F Ac-FAEKFKEAVKDYNphAKNphWD-NH2 (配列番号476)
[F-3>Nph]Rev-4F Ac-NphAEKFKEAVKDYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号477)
[F-6>Nph]Rev-4F Ac-FAEKNphKEAVKDYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号478)
[F-13>Nph]Rev-4F Ac-FAEKFKEAVKDYNphAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号479)
[F-16>Nph]Rev-4F Ac-FAEKEKEAVKDYFAKNphWD-NH2 (配列番号480)
Rev-[D>E]-4F Ac-FAEKFKEAVKEYFAKFWE-NH2 (配列番号481)
Rev-[E>D]4F Ac-FADKFKDAVKDYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号482)
Rev-R4-4F Ac-FAERFREAVKDYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号483)
Rev-R6-4F Ac-FAEKFREAVKDYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号484)
Rev-R10-4F Ac-FAEKFKEAVRDYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号485)
Rev-R14-4F Ac-FAEKFKEAVKDYFARFWD-NH2 (配列番号486)
Rev-[D>E]-4F Ac-FAEKFKEAVKEYFAKFWE-NH2 (配列番号481)
Rev-[E>D]4F Ac-FADKFKDAVKDYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号482)
Rev-R4-4F Ac-FAERFREAVKDYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号483)
Rev-R6-4F Ac-FAEKFREAVKDYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号484)
Rev-R10-4F Ac-FAEKFKEAVRDYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号485)
Rev-R14-4F Ac-FAEKFKEAVKDYFARFWD-NH2 (配列番号486)
Rev-[D>E]-4F Ac-FAEKFKEAVKEYFAKFWE-NH2 (配列番号481)
Rev-[E>D]4F Ac-FADKFKDAVKDYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号482)
Rev-R4-4F Ac-FAERFREAVKDYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号483)
Rev-R6-4F Ac-FAEKFREAVKDYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号484)
Rev-R10-4F Ac-FAEKFKEAVRDYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号485)
Rev-R14-4F Ac-FAEKFKEAVKDYFARFWD-NH2 (配列番号486)
Rev-R4-4F Ac-FAERFREAVKDYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号483)
Rev-R6-4F Ac-FAEKFREAVKDYEAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号487)
Rev-R10-4F Ac-FAEKFKEAVRDYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号485)
Rev-R14-4F Ac-FAEKFKEAVKDYFARFWD-NH2 (配列番号486)
Rev-[D>E]-4F Ac-FAEKFKEAVKEYFAKFWE-NH2 (配列番号481)
Rev-[E>D]4F Ac-FADKFKDAVKDYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号482)
Rev-R4-4F Ac-FAERFREAVKDYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号483)
Rev-R6-4F Ac-FAEKFREAVKDYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号484)
Rev-R10-4F Ac-FAEKFKEAVRDYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号485)
Rev-R14-4F Ac-FAEKFKEAVKDYFARFWD-NH2 (配列番号486)
Rev3F-2 Ac-LFEKFAEAFKDYVAKWKD-NH2 (配列番号488)
RevR4-3F-2 Ac-LFERFAEAFKDYVAKWKD-NH2 (配列番号489)
RevR10-3F2 Ac-LFEKFAEAFRDYVAKWKD-NH2 (配列番号490)
RevR15-3F-2 Ac-LFEKFAEAFKDYVARWKD-NH2 (配列番号491)
RevR17-3F-2 Ac-LFEKFAEAFKDYVAKWRD-NH2 (配列番号492)
Rev[D>E]3F2 Ac-LFEKFAEAFKEYVAKWKE-NH2 (配列番号493)
Rev[E>D]3F-2 Ac-LFDKFADAFKDYVAKWKD-NH2 (配列番号494)
Rev-[E3>D]-3F-2 Ac-LFDKFAEAFKDYVAKWKD-NH2 (配列番号495)
Rev-[E7>D]-3F-2 Ac-LFEKFADAFKDYVAKWKD-NH2 (配列番号496)
Rev[D11>E]3F-2 Ac-LFEKFAEAFKEYVAKWKD-NH2 (配列番号497)
Rev-[D18>E]3F-2 Ac-LFEKFAEAFKDYVAKWKE-NH2 (配列番号498)
Rev3F-1 Ac-FAEKAWEFVKDYFAKLKD-NH2 (配列番号499)
RevR4-3F-1 Ac-FAERAWEFVKDYFAKLKD-NH2 (配列番号500)
RevR10-3F-1 Ac-FAEKAWEFVKDYFAKLKD-NH2 (配列番号501)
RevR15-3F-1 Ac-FAEKAWEFVKDYFAKLKD-NH2 (配列番号502)
RevR17-3F-1 Ac-FAEKAWEFVKDYFAKLRD-NH2 (配列番号503)
Rev[D>E]3F-1 Ac-FAEKAWEFVKEYFAKLKE-NH2 (配列番号504)
Rev[E>D}3F-1 Ac-FADKAWDFVKDYFAKLKD-NH2 (配列番号505)
Rev[E3>D]-3F-1 Ac-FADKAWEFVKDYFAKLKD-NH2 (配列番号506)
Rev[E7>D]3F-1 Ac-FAEKAWDFVKDYFAKLKD-NH2 (配列番号507)
Rev-[D11>E]3F-1 Ac-FAEKAWEFVKEYFAKLKD-NH2 (配列番号508)
Rev-[D18>E]3F-1 Ac-FAEKAWEFVKDYFAKLKE-NH2 (配列番号509)
Rev-5F Ac-FFEKFKEFVKDYFAKLWD-NH2 (配列番号510)
Rev-[D>E]5F Ac-FFEKFKEFVKEYFAKLWE-NH2 (配列番号511)
Rev-[E>D]5F Ac-FFDKFKDFVKDYFAKLWD-NH2 (配列番号512)
Rev-R4-5F Ac-FFERFKEFVKDYFAKLWD-NH2 (配列番号513)
Rev-R6-5F Ac-FFEKFREFVKDYFAKLWD-NH2 (配列番号514)
Rev-R10-5F Ac-FFEKFKEFVRDYFAKLWD-NH2 (配列番号515)
Rev-R15-5F Ac-FFEKFKEFVKDYFARLWD-NH2 (配列番号516)
Rev-[E3>D]-5F Ac-FFDKFKEFVKDYFAKLWD-NH2 (配列番号517)
Rev-[E7>D]5F Ac-FFEKFKDFVKDYFAKLWD-NH2 (配列番号518)
Rev-[D11>E]-5F Ac-FFEKFKEFVKEYFAKLWD-NH2 (配列番号519)
Rev-[D18>E]-5F Ac-FFEKFKEFVKDYFAKLWE-NH2 (配列番号520)
Rev-5F-2 Ac-FLEKFKEFVKDYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号521)
Rev-[D>E]-5F-2 Ac-FLEKFKEFVKEYFAKFWE-NH2 (配列番号522)
Rev-[E>D]-5F-2 Ac-FLDKFKEFVKDYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号523)
Rev-[E3>D]-5F-2 Ac-FLDKFKEFVKDYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号524)
Rev-[E7>D]-5F-2 Ac-FLEKFKDFVKDYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号525)
Rev-[D11>E]-5F-2 Ac-FLEKFKEFVKEYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号526)
Rev-[D18>E]-5F-2 Ac-FLEKFKEFVKDYFAKFWE-NH2 (配列番号527)
Rev-R4-5F-2 Ac-FLERFKEFVKDYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号528)
Rev-R6-5F-2 Ac-FLEKFREFVKDYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号529)
RevR10-5F-2 Ac-FLEKFKEFVRDYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号530)
Rev-R16-5F-2 Ac-FLEKFKEFVKDYFARFWD-NH2 (配列番号531)
Rev-6F Ac-FFEKFKEFFKDYFAKLWD-NH2 (配列番号532)
Rev-[D>E]-6F Ac-FFEKFKEFFKEYFAKLWE-NH2 (配列番号533)
Rev-[E>D]-6F Ac-FFDKFKDFFKDYFAKLWD-NH2 (配列番号534)
Rev-R4-6F Ac-FFERFKEFFKDYFAKLWD-NH2 (配列番号535)
Rev-R6-6F Ac-FFEKFREFFKDYFAKLWD-NH2 (配列番号536)
Rev-R10-6F Ac-FFEKFKEFFRDYFAKLWD-NH2 (配列番号537)
Rev-R14-6F Ac-FFERFKEFFKDYFARLWD-NH2 (配列番号538)
Rev-[E3>D]-6F Ac-FFDKFKEFFKDYFAKLWD-NH2 (配列番号539)
Rev-[E7>D]-6F Ac-FFEKEKDFFKDYFAKLWD-NH2 (配列番号540)
Rev-[D11>E]-6F Ac-FFEKFKEFFKEYFAKLWD-NH2 (配列番号541)
Rev-[D18>E]-6F Ac-FFEKFKEFFKDYFAKLWE-NH2 (配列番号542)
Rev-4F Ac-FAEKFKEAVKDYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号543)
Rev-[D>E]-4F Ac-FAEKFKEAVKEYFAKFWE-NH2 (配列番号481)
Rev-[E>D]4F Ac-FADKFKDAVKDYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号482)
Rev-R4-4F Ac-FAERFREAVKDYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号483)
Rev-R6-4F Ac-FAEKFREAVKDYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号484)
Rev-R10-4F Ac-FAEKFKEAVRDYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号485)
Rev-R14-4F Ac-FAEKFKEAVKDYFARFWD-NH2 (配列番号486)
4F-2 Ac-DKWKAVYDKFAEAFKEFF-NH2 (配列番号544)
[D>E]-4F-2 Ac-EKWKAVYEKFAEAFKEFF-NH2 (配列番号545)
[E>D]-4F-2 Ac-DKWKAVYDKFADAFKDFF-NH2 (配列番号546)
R2-4F-2 Ac-DRWKAVYDKFAEAFKEFF-NH2 (配列番号547)
R4-4F-2 Ac-DKWRAVYDKFAEAFKEFF-NH2 (配列番号548)
R9-4F-2 Ac-DKWKAVYDRFAEAFKEFF-NH2 (配列番号549)
R14-4F-2 Ac-DKWKAVYDKFAEAFREFF-NH2 (配列番号550)
Rev4F-2 Ac-FFEKFAEAFKDYVAKWKD-NH2 (配列番号551)
Rev-[D>E]-4F-2 Ac-FFEKFAEAFKEYVAKWKE-NH2 (配列番号552)
Rev-[E>D]-3F-2 Ac-FFDKFADAFKDYVAKWKD-NH2 (配列番号553)
Rev-R4-4F-2 Ac-FFERFAEAFKDYVAKWKD-NH2 (配列番号554)
Rev-R10-4F-2 Ac-EFERFAEAFRDYVAKWKD-NH2 (配列番号555)
Rev-R15-4F-2 Ac-FFEKFAEAFKDYVARWKD-NH2 (配列番号556)
Rev-R17-4F-2 Ac-FFERFAEAFKDYVAKWRD-NH2 (配列番号557)
Rev-[E3>D]-4F-2 Ac-FFDKFAEAFKDYVAKWKD-NH2 (配列番号558)
Rev-[E7>D]-4F-2 Ac-FFEKFADAFKDYVAKWKD-NH2 (配列番号559)
Rev-[D11>E]-4F-2 Ac-FFERFAEAFKEYVAKWKD-NH2 (配列番号560)
Rev-[D18>E]-4F-2 Ac-FFERFAEAFKDYVAKWKE-NH2 (配列番号561)
Rev-7F Ac-FFEKFKEFFKDYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号562)
Rev-[E>D]-7F Ac-FFDKFKDFFKDYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号563)
Rev-[D>E]-7F Ac-FFEKFKEFFKEYFAKFWE-NH2 (配列番号564)
Rev-R4-7F Ac-FFERFKEFFKDYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号565)
Rev-R6-7F Ac-FFEKFREFFKDYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号566)
Rev-R10-7F Ac-FFEKFKEFFRDYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号567)
Rev-R14-7F Ac-FFEKFKEFFKDYFARFWD-NH2 (配列番号568)
Rev-[E3>D]-7F Ac-FFDKFKEFFKDYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号569)
Rev-[E7>D]7F Ac-FFEKFKDFFKDYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号570)
Rev-[D11>E]-7F Ac-FFEKFKEFFKEYFAKFWD-NH2 (配列番号571)
Rev-[D18>E]-7F Ac-FFEKFKEFFKDYFAKFWE-NH2 (配列番号572)
表6:修飾されたアミノ酸を含む説明に役立つ4F類似体
4FのεN-ジメチル-Lys誘導体(εN-Dime)
4FのεN-ジエチル-Lys誘導体(εN-Diet)
4FのεN-モノエチル-Lys誘導体(εN-Me)
4FのεN-エチル-Lys誘導体(εN-Et)
4FのホモLys類似体(hK) (--CH 2 ) 5 -NH 2
二重ドメインペプチドも開示される。二重ドメインペプチドは、アポリポタンパク質Eの開示された受容体結合ドメインと開示された脂質関連ペプチドの組み合わせからなる合成アポE模倣ペプチドであることができ、前記受容体結合ドメインは、前記脂質関連ペプチドに共有結合される。
表7:二重ドメインペプチド
また、開示されるのは、アポリポタンパク質Eの開示された受容体結合ドメインと開示された脂質関連ペプチドの組み合わせからなる合成アポE模倣体であり、前記受容体結合ドメインは、ドメインが交換される方向性にて前記脂質関連ペプチドに共有結合される。また、開示されるのは、アポリポタンパク質Bの開示された受容体結合ドメインと開示された脂質関連ペプチドの組み合わせからなる合成アポE模倣体であり、前記受容体結合ドメインは、ドメインが交換される方向性にて前記脂質関連ペプチドに共有結合される。これらのペプチドは、「ドメイン交換された」、「交換されたドメイン」または「交換された」ペプチドと呼ばれ得る。例えば、開示されるのは、アポリポタンパク質Eの開示された受容体結合ドメインと開示された脂質関連ペプチドの組み合わせからなる合成アポE模倣体であり、前記受容体結合ドメインは、上記で記載されたもの及び表7におけるものにドメイン交換される方向性にて前記脂質関連ペプチドに共有結合される。具体的には、脂質関連ペプチドは、脂質関連ペプチドが合成アポリポタンパク質E模倣ペプチドのN末端であるように、アポリポタンパク質Eの受容体結合ドメインに共有結合される。表8は、アポリポタンパク質Eの開示された受容体結合ドメインと開示された脂質関連ペプチドの組み合わせを含む開示された合成アポE模倣体の非限定例を提供し、前記受容体結合ドメインは、ドメインが交換される方向性にて前記脂質関連ペプチドに共有結合される。
表8:ドメイン交換ペプチド
また、開示されるのは、アポリポタンパク質Eの開示された受容体結合ドメインと開示された脂質関連ペプチドの組み合わせからなる合成アポE模倣ペプチドであり、前記受容体結合ドメインは、逆方向性にて前記脂質関連ペプチドに共有結合される。例えば、開示されるのは、アポリポタンパク質Eの開示された受容体結合ドメインと開示された脂質関連ペプチドの組み合わせからなる合成アポE模倣ペプチドであり、受容体結合ドメインの配列または脂質関連ペプチドの配列のいずれかまたは双方の配列が逆方向性にある。また、開示されるのは、アポリポタンパク質Bの開示された受容体結合ドメインと開示された脂質関連ペプチドの組み合わせからなる合成アポE模倣ペプチドであり、前記受容体結合ドメインは、逆方向性にて前記脂質関連ペプチドに共有結合される。表9は、アポリポタンパク質Eの開示された受容体結合ドメインと開示された脂質関連ペプチドの組み合わせを含む開示された合成アポE模倣ペプチドの非限定例を提供し、前記受容体結合ドメインは、逆方向性にて前記脂質関連ペプチドに共有結合される。
表9:逆方向性のペプチド
また、開示されるのは、アポリポタンパク質Eの受容体結合ドメインと脂質関連ペプチドからなる合成アポE模倣ペプチドであり、前記受容体結合ドメインは、前記脂質関連ペプチドに共有結合され、アポリポタンパク質Eの受容体結合ドメインは、スクランブルされる。例えば、開示されるのは、D-W-L-K-A-F-V-Y-D-K-V-F-K-L-K-E-F-F(配列番号69)のアミノ酸配列を含むアポリポタンパク質Eの受容体結合ドメインと脂質関連ペプチドからなる合成アポリポタンパク質E模倣ペプチドであり、前記受容体結合ドメインは、前記脂質関連ペプチドに共有結合される。また、開示されるのは、アポリポタンパク質Bの受容体結合ドメインと脂質関連ペプチドからなる合成アポE模倣ペプチドであり、前記受容体結合ドメインは、前記脂質関連ペプチドに共有結合され、アポリポタンパク質Bの受容体結合ドメインは、スクランブルされる。
表10:スクランブルされたドメインペプチド
本発明に従って任意の好適なリンカーを使用することができる。ペプチド連結は、当該技術で既知の及び以下の参考文献:Spatola(1983)p.267 in Chemistry and Biochemistry of Amino Acids,Peptides,and Proteins,B.Weinstein,編,Marcel Dekker,New York;Spatola(1983)Vega Data 1(3)Peptide Backbone Modifications.(一般的な見解);Morley(1980)Trends Pharm.Sci.pp.463-468(一般的な見解);Hudsonら.(1979)Int J PeptProt Res 14:177-185(--CH2NH--,CH2CH2--);Spatolaら(1986)Life Sci 38:1243-1249(--CH2--S);Hann,(1982)J ChemSoc Perkin Trans I、307-314(--CH--CH--,シス及びトランス);Almquistら (1980)J Med.Chem.23:1392-1398(--COCH2--);Jennings-Whiteら(1982)Tetrahedron Lett.23:2533(--COCH2--);Szelkeら,European Appln.EP45665(1982)CA:97:39405(1982)(--CH(OH)CH2--);Holladayら(1983)Tetrahedron Lett 24:4401-4404(--C(OH)CH2--);及びHruby(1982)Life Sci.,31:189-199(--CH2--S--))にてさらに記載されている方法によって、--CH2NH--、--CH2S--、--CH2--CH2--、--CH=CH--(シス及びトランス)、--COCH2--、--CH(OH)CH2--、--CH2SO--等からなる群から選択することができる。
受容体結合ドメインまたは脂質関連ペプチドは、上述のように修飾するまたは変化させることができる。例えば、受容体結合ドメインまたは脂質関連ペプチドを変異させる、スクランブルする、及び/または逆方向性にすることができる。二重ドメインポリペプチドのために本明細書で開示される任意の他の修飾または変化を単一ドメインペプチドにも使用することができる。
表11:アミノ酸置換
表12:アミノ酸略語
本明細書が種々のペプチド配列を議論するので、それらのポリペプチド配列をコードすることができる核酸も開示されることが理解される。これには、特定のポリペプチド配列に関連する縮重した配列全て、すなわち、特定のポリペプチド配列1つをコードする配列を有する核酸全てと同様にタンパク質配列の開示された変異体及び誘導体をコードする縮重した核酸を含む核酸全てが含まれる。従って、各特定の核酸配列は、本明細書で書き出されなくてもよいが、各配列及びあらゆる配列が実際開示され、開示されたポリペプチド配列を介して本明細書で記載されることが理解される。
開示された組成物は、アセチル基とそれに続く保護基とを含んでもよい。保護基は、限定されないが、脂肪酸であってもよい。脂肪酸は、飽和、不飽和または必須脂肪酸であってもよい。脂肪酸には、DHA、EPA、リノール酸、またはミリスチン酸などの任意の他の飽和アミノ酸が挙げられ得るが、これらに限定されない。
開示されるのは、本明細書で開示される合成アポE模倣ペプチドのいずれかと薬学上許容可能な担体とを含む医薬組成物である。
開示されるのは、開示された合成アポE模倣ペプチドのいずれか1つを対象に投与することを含む方法であって、それによって、血漿LDL、血漿VLDL、または双方が影響を受ける。アポE模倣ペプチドは、アポEの受容体結合ドメインと脂質関連ペプチドとを含む合成アポE模倣ペプチドであってもよく、合成アポE模倣ペプチドは、Ac-Ahaを含む。例えば、合成アポE模倣ペプチドは、Ac-Aha-hE18A-NH2またはAc-Aha-[R]hE18A-NH2であってもよい。
開示されるのは、開示された合成アポE模倣ペプチドのいずれか1つを含む組成物の有効量を対象に投与することを含む、血漿コレステロールの減少方法である。アポE模倣ペプチドは、アポEの受容体結合ドメインと脂質関連ペプチドとを含む合成アポE模倣ペプチドであってもよく、合成アポE模倣ペプチドは、Ac-Ahaを含む。例えば、合成アポE模倣ペプチドは、Ac-Aha-hE18A-NH2またはAc-Aha-[R]hE18A-NH2であってもよい。
開示されるのは、開示された合成アポE模倣ペプチドのいずれか1つを含む組成物の有効量を対象に投与することを含む、アテローム性動脈硬化症の治療方法である。アポE模倣ペプチドは、アポEの受容体結合ドメインと脂質関連ペプチドとを含む合成アポE模倣ペプチドであってもよく、合成アポE模倣ペプチドは、Ac-Ahaを含む。例えば、合成アポE模倣ペプチドは、Ac-Aha-hE18A-NH2またはAc-Aha-[R]hE18A-NH2であってもよい。
開示されるのは、開示されたアポE模倣ペプチドまたはその組成物のいずれか1つの有効量を対象に投与することを含む、脂質障害を有する対象の治療方法である。アポE模倣ペプチドは、アポEの受容体結合ドメインと脂質関連ペプチドとを含む合成アポE模倣ペプチドであってもよく、合成アポE模倣ペプチドは、Ac-Ahaを含む。例えば、合成アポE模倣ペプチドは、Ac-Aha-hE18A-NH2またはAc-Aha-[R]hE18A-NH2であってもよい。
開示されるのは、本明細書で記載される合成アポE模倣ペプチドのいずれか1つに特異的に結合するモノクローナル抗体である。
開示されるのは、有効量の開示されたアポE模倣ペプチドのいずれかの少なくとも1回の治療サイクルとそれに続く休止期とを含む投与計画である。投与計画の休止期は、アポE模倣ペプチドを投与しない期間である。アポE模倣ペプチドは、限定されないが、Ac-Aha-hE18A-NH2またはAc-Aha-[R]hE18A-NH2であり得る。
治療サイクルは、種々の投与量のアポE模倣ペプチドの投与と同様に種々の時点での投与を含むことができる。アポE模倣ペプチドは、6ヵ月までの種々の時間量で投与することができる。場合によっては、投与は、1、2、3、4、5または6ヵ月までの間で存在することができる。例えば、アポE模倣ペプチドは、週に1回、4、6、8、10、12、14、16、18、20、22、または24週間投与することができる。
開示された投与計画は、少なくとも1回の治療サイクルとそれに続く休止期とを含むことができる。休止期は、アポE模倣ペプチドが投与されない時期であり、時期の長さは変化することができる。休止期の長さは、治療サイクルの間に投与されたアポE模倣体の持続する治療効果がどれだけ長く続くかに依存する。場合によっては、休止期は、少なくとも1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11または12ヵ月であってもよい。場合によっては、休止期は、少なくとも1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9または10年であってもよい。例えば、休止期は、少なくとも4週間(1ヵ月)であってもよい。
アポE模倣ペプチドの用量または投与量は、例えば、患者における年齢、状態、性別及び疾患の程度、投与経路、治療サイクルの長さ、または他の薬剤が計画に含まれるどうかのような、これらに限定されないが、多数の因子に応じて変化することができ、当業者によって決定されることができる。
少なくとも1回の治療サイクルの間、有効量の開示されたアポE模倣ペプチドのいずれか1つを投与することと、それに続く休止期とを含む、急性冠症候群(ACS)またはアテローム性動脈硬化症の治療方法を提供する。例えば、アポE模倣ペプチドは、Ac-Aha-hE18A-NH2またはAc-Aha-[R]hE18A-NH2であってもよい。従って、開示された方法は、1以上の開示された投与計画を用いてアポE模倣ペプチドを投与することを含む。従って、開示される治療サイクルまたは休止期のいずれかを開示された方法で使用することができる。本明細書で開示される方法は、治療剤の非存在下でさえ持続する治療効果を可能にすることができる。開示された方法は、有効量のアポE模倣体の投与を含むことができる。有効量のアポE模倣体は、アポE模倣体を中止した後に持続する治療効果を可能にすることができる量であり得る。
治療サイクルは、投与計画に関して前に記載したように、時間の長さで変化することができる。治療サイクルは、少なくとも4週間であってもよいが、6ヵ月まで続くことができる。一例において、開示された方法は、有効量のアポE模倣ペプチドの週1回で1ヵ月間(4週間)、3ヵ月間(12週間)または6ヵ月間(24週間)の投与が関与する治療サイクルを有する。治療サイクルには、週1回、2回または3回のアポE模倣ペプチドの投与が含まれ得る。いくつかの態様において、アポE模倣ペプチドは、毎日投与することができる。いくつかの態様において、アポE模倣ペプチドは、2週ごとに1回またはさらに月に1回投与することができる。場合によっては、アポE模倣ペプチドは、2週間ごとに4、6、8、10、12、14、16、18、20、22または24週間投与することができる。各治療サイクルは、投与についての確立された時間の長さと同様にその時間枠の間での確立された投薬スケジュールを含むことができる。
休止期は、投与計画に関して前に記載したように、少なくとも4週間であってもよいが、数年続くことができる。休止期の間、アポE模倣ペプチドは投与されない。
血管壁におけるLDLの蓄積とLDLに対する炎症反応の組み合わせは、アテローム性動脈硬化症を惹起するのに関与する。血管壁内のLDLは、酸化されるようになり、それは血管壁を損傷し、免疫応答を誘発する。マクロファージのような免疫細胞は、酸化されたLDLを処理することができず、最終的には破裂して、動脈壁におけるさらに多くの酸化されたコレステロールをもたらす。血管壁に対してますます損傷を引き起こすこのサイクルは連続する。コレステロールの増加は、最終的に血管壁の硬化と狭窄を生じるプラークをもたらす。開示された方法は、アテローム性動脈硬化症及び他の脂質障害を治療するのに有用である。
本明細書で記載される方法では、アポE模倣ペプチドの投与または送達は、種々のメカニズムを介することができる。上記で定義されたように、本明細書で開示されるのは、治療方法、治療するための投与計画及びそれらの投与計画を使用する方法である。投与計画及び方法は、例えば、薬学上許容可能な担体のような担体も含むことができる本明細書で記載されるポリペプチドまたは核酸のいずれか1つ以上を含有する組成物を含む。例えば、開示されるのは、本明細書で開示されるアポE模倣ペプチドと薬学上許容可能な担体とを含む医薬組成物である。
開示された方法の一態様において、アポE模倣体は、単独で、または1以上の追加の治療剤との併用で投与することができる。追加の治療剤は、治療される疾患または症状に基づいて選択される。種々のクラスの好適な医薬剤及び薬剤の記載は、Goodman及びGilman,The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics,(第11版,McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.)(2005)にて見いだされ得る。例えば、アポE模倣体を含有する医薬組成物は、アテローム性動脈硬化症を治療するための1以上の既知の治療剤と併用して投与することができる。アテローム性動脈硬化症を治療するための治療剤には、コレステロール低下剤、HDL上昇剤、血圧降下剤、血液菲薄剤(すなわち、血栓を防ぐ薬物)、抗炎症剤及び抗アテローム形成剤が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。コレステロール低下剤の例には、コレステロール吸収阻害剤、胆汁酸封鎖剤、フィブラート、PCSK9阻害剤、ミクロソームトリグリセリド転移タンパク質阻害剤、アポリポタンパク質B合成阻害剤、またはCETP阻害剤が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
図3~14に記載の研究に使用した合成アポE模倣ペプチドは、標準のFmoc固相ペプチド合成技術によって調製した。種々のペプチド及び調製の理論的根拠を図1に示す。合成ペプチドの代表的な分析HPLCプロファイルを図2A~2Gに示す。
血漿コレステロールレベルに与える種々の合成アポE模倣ペプチドの効果を示す研究を図3~14に示す。
雄のSprague-Dawleyラットをチャールズリバー社から購入し、65%ショ糖を含有する食事を2週間与えた。リポタンパク質プロファイル(図15)は、トリグリセリドの増加を示した。ラットは、ペプチドの投与時には370+/-20gの重さであった。(5mg/kg尾静脈)投与したペプチドは以下の通りであった:Ac-hE18A-NH2、Ac-[R]hE18A-NH2及びAc-Aha-[R]hE18A-NH2、ここで、hEは、LRKLRKRLLR(配列番号4)を指し、[R]hEは、LRRLRRRLLR(配列番号6)を指し、Ahaは、H2N-(CH2)5-COOHを指す。グラフに示した時間に採血し、細胞を分離した後、コレステロール、トリグリセリド及びグルコースレベルについて血漿を分析した。種々の時点の血漿トリグリセリドレベルを図16に示す。血漿トリグリセリド(図17)、コレステロールレベル(図18)、及び血漿グルコースレベル(図19)について、ペプチド投与後48時間でのデータも得た。
以下のペプチドを調製した:(1)オクタノイル-LRRLRRRLLR-18A-NH2(配列番号625);(2)ミリストイル-LRRLRRRLLR-18A-NH2(配列番号628);(3)オレオイル-LRRLRRRLLR-18A-NH2(配列番号634);(4)パルミトイル-LRRLRRRLLR-18A-NH2(配列番号629);及び(5)魚油-LRRLRRRLLR-18A-NH2(配列番号647)、ここで、魚油は、主としてエイコサペンタエン酸(EPA)とドコサヘキサエン酸(DHA)の混合物であり、他の成分は少量である。
血漿コレステロールに与える、ペプチドのN末端で脂肪酸部分を含む合成アポE模倣ペプチドの効果を図21~31に示す。
Claims (8)
- アポリポタンパク質(アポE)の受容体結合ドメインと脂質関連ペプチドとを含む合成アポE模倣ペプチドであって、
前記合成アポE模倣ペプチドは、飽和脂肪酸部分を含み、前記脂質関連ペプチドが、クラスAの両親媒性の螺旋ドメインを含み、前記飽和脂肪酸部分が、前記ペプチドのN末端にあり、
前記合成アポE模倣ペプチドが、オクタノイル-LRRLRRRLLR-DWLKAFYDKVAEKLKEAF-NH 2 (配列番号625);ミリストイル-LRRLRRRLLR-DWLKAFYDKVAEKLKEAF-NH 2 (配列番号628);またはパルミトイル-LRRLRRRLLR-DWLKAFYDKVAEKLKEAF-NH 2 (配列番号629)である、前記合成アポE模倣ペプチド。 - 請求項1に記載の合成アポリポタンパク質E模倣ペプチドを含み、且つ薬学上許容可能な担体を含んでいてもよい、医薬組成物。
- LDL及び/又はVLDLの対象の細胞への結合を高めるため、
対象の細胞によるLDL及び/又はVLDLの分解を増加させるため、
対象におけるLDL及び/又はVLDLコレステロールを低下させるため、及び/又は 対象におけるコレステロールの血漿中総濃度を低下させるための、請求項1に記載の合成アポリポタンパク質E模倣ペプチドを含み、且つ薬学上許容可能な担体を含んでいてもよい医薬組成物。 - 請求項1に記載の合成アポリポタンパク質E模倣ペプチドを含み、且つ薬学上許容可能な担体を含んでいてもよい、血漿コレステロールを減少させるための医薬組成物。
- 請求項1に記載の合成アポリポタンパク質E模倣ペプチドを含み、且つ薬学上許容可能な担体を含んでいてもよい、アテローム性動脈硬化症を治療するための医薬組成物。
- 請求項1に記載の合成アポリポタンパク質E模倣ペプチドを含み、且つ薬学上許容可能な担体を含んでいてもよい、脂質障害を治療するための医薬組成物。
- 請求項1に記載の合成アポリポタンパク質E模倣ペプチドを含み、且つ薬学上許容可能な担体を含んでいてもよい医薬組成物であって、
前記合成アポリポタンパク質E模倣ペプチドは、少なくとも1回の治療サイクル期の間投与され、
前記合成アポリポタンパク質E模倣ペプチドは、前記治療サイクル期の後に続く休止期の間は投与されず、且つ
前記合成アポリポタンパク質E模倣ペプチドの中止後に治療効果が持続する、前記医薬組成物。 - 請求項1に記載の合成アポリポタンパク質E模倣ペプチドを含み、且つ薬学上許容可能な担体を含んでいてもよい、急性冠症候群(ACS)を治療するための医薬組成物であって、
前記合成アポリポタンパク質E模倣ペプチドは、少なくとも1回の治療サイクル期の間投与され、
前記合成アポリポタンパク質E模倣ペプチドは、前記治療サイクル期の後に続く休止期の間は投与されず、且つ
前記合成アポリポタンパク質E模倣ペプチドの中止後に治療効果が持続する、前記医薬組成物。
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