JP7075342B2 - Pvd層及び被覆切削工具を製造する方法 - Google Patents
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims description 37
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 59
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 17
- 229910017488 Cu K Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229910017541 Cu-K Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005555 metalworking Methods 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- LLQPHQFNMLZJMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fentrazamide Chemical compound N1=NN(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)Cl)C(=O)N1C(=O)N(CC)C1CCCCC1 LLQPHQFNMLZJMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007733 ion plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、一態様において、PVD層を製造する方法に関連し、さらなる態様において、被覆切削工具に関連する。
概論
物理蒸着(PVD)は、例えば、硬質金属の基材に耐摩耗性被覆をもたらすための周知の技術である。この被覆は、金属加工用の切削工具、例えばインサート及びドリルとして適用される。
用語「デューティサイクル」は、バイアス電圧が「オン」である、すなわち完全なパルス周期(「オン時間」+「オフ時間」)の間の作動している時間のパーセントを意味する。
本発明は、基材上に被覆を製造する方法であって、被覆は、式MexSiyAlzCaNbOc(式中、x+y+z=1、0≦a≦1、0≦b≦1、0≦c≦0.2、a+b+c=1、及び0≦x≦1、0≦y≦0.4、0≦z≦0.1、又は0≦x≦1、0≦y≦0.1、0≦z≦0.75、
Meは、IUPACの元素周期表の4族、5族、及び6族の一又は複数の金属である)の化合物であるPVD層(A)を含み、PVD層(A)は、約12%未満のデューティサイクル及び約10kHz未満のパルスバイアス周波数を用いて、約-40から約-450Vのパルスバイアス電圧を基材に印加するカソードアーク蒸着によって蒸着される、方法に関連する。
実施例1
Ti0.33Al0.67N層をジオメトリSNMA120804の焼結超硬合金切削工具インサートブランクに蒸着した。超硬合金の組成は、Co10重量%、Cr0.4重量%、及びWC残部であった。超硬合金ブランクを、Advanced Plasma Optimizerアップグレードを備えたOerlikon Balzer INNOVAシステムであるPVD真空チャンバで被覆した。PVD真空チャンバには、6個のカソードアセンブリを装備されていた。アセンブリは、それぞれ1個のTi0.33Al0.67合金ターゲットを備えていた。カソードアセンブリを、チャンバの2つの高さ(level)に配置した。両カソードがその周りに配置されたリング型アノードを備えており(米国特許出願公開第2013/0126347号に開示されたように)、システムは、磁場に、ターゲット表面から出て、アノードに入る力線をもたらす(米国特許出願公開第2013/0126347号参照)。
表3に列挙した層は、それぞれジオメトリSNMA120804の焼結超硬合金切削工具インサートブランクに、実施例1と同じ組成で、また実施例1と同じPVD真空チャンバ及び同じ手順を用いるが、Ti0.33Al0.67合金ターゲットをそれぞれ、Tiターゲット、Cr0.30Al0.70合金ターゲット、Ti0.30Zr0.20Al0.50合金ターゲット、Zr0.65Al0.35合金ターゲット、又はTi0.85Si0.15合金ターゲットに変えて蒸着した。実施例1の試料4と同じバイアスパラメータ及び圧力パラメータを用いた。表3を参照されたい。
Claims (19)
- 超硬合金の基材上に被覆を製造する方法であって、被覆が、式MexSiyAlzCaNbOc(式中、x+y+z=1、0≦a≦1、0≦b≦1、0≦c≦0.2、a+b+c=1、及び
0≦x≦1、0≦y≦0.4、0≦z≦0.1、又は
0≦x≦1、0≦y≦0.1、0≦z≦0.75、
Meは、IUPACの元素周期表の4族、5族、及び6族の一又は複数の金属である)の化合物であるPVD層(A)を含み、PVD層(A)が、約12%未満のデューティサイクル及び約10kHz未満のパルスバイアス周波数を用いて、約-40から約-450Vのパルスバイアス電圧を基材に印加するカソードアーク蒸着によって蒸着される、方法。 - デューティサイクルが、約2から約10%である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- パルスバイアス周波数が、約0.1から約8kHzである、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- パルスバイアス電圧が、約-50から約-350Vである、請求項1から3の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 超硬合金の基材及び被覆を備える被覆切削工具であって、被覆が、式MexSiyAlzCaNbOc(式中、x+y+z=1、0≦a≦1、0≦b≦1、0≦c≦0.2、a+b+c=1、及び
0≦x≦1、0≦y≦0.4、0≦z≦0.1、又は
0≦x≦1、0≦y≦0.1、0≦z≦0.75、
Meは、IUPACの元素周期表の4族、5族、及び6族の、一又は複数の金属である)の化合物であるPVD層(A)を含み、PVD層(A)が、≦0.3度(2θ)である、X線回折における立方晶(111)ピークのFWHM(半値全幅)値を有する結晶性である、被覆切削工具。 - PVD層(A)が、X線回折における立方晶(111)ピークのFWHM値≦0.25度(2θ)を有する、請求項5に記載の被覆切削工具。
- PVD層(A)が、≧0.6である、X線回折におけるピーク高さ強度比I(111)/I(200)を有する、請求項5又は6に記載の被覆切削工具。
- PVD層(A)が、>-3GPaである残留応力を有する、請求項5から7の何れか一項に記載の被覆切削工具。
- PVD層(A)が、その表面にファセット結晶粒を含む、請求項5から8の何れか一項に記載の被覆切削工具。
- PVD層(A)の厚さが、約0.5から約20μmである、請求項5から9の何れか一項に記載の被覆切削工具。
- PVD層(A)が、
式TipZrqCrrSisAltCaNbOc
(式中、0≦p≦1、0≦q≦1、0≦r≦1、0≦s≦0.4、0≦t≦0.1、p+q+r+s+t=1、
0≦a≦1、0≦b≦1、0≦c≦0.2、a+b+c=1)
又は
式TipZrqCrrSisAltCaNbOc、
(式中、0≦p≦1、0≦q≦1、0≦r≦1、0≦s≦0.1、0≦t≦0.75、p+q+r+s+t=1、
0≦a≦1、0≦b≦1、0≦c≦0.2、a+b+c=1)
の化合物である、請求項5から10の何れか一項に記載の被覆切削工具。 - PVD層(A)の式において、0.9≦p≦1、0≦q≦0.1、0≦r≦0.1、0≦s≦0.1、0≦t≦0.1である、請求項11に記載の被覆切削工具。
- PVD層(A)の式において、0.25≦p≦0.9、0≦q≦0.1、0≦r≦0.1、0≦s≦0.1、0.1≦t≦0.75である、請求項11に記載の被覆切削工具。
- PVD層(A)の式において、0≦p≦0.1、0≦q≦0.1、0.2≦r≦1、0≦s≦0.1、0.1≦t≦0.8である、請求項11に記載の被覆切削工具。
- PVD層(A)の式において、0.1≦p≦0.5、0.1≦q≦0.5、0≦r≦0.1、0≦s≦0.1、0.25≦t≦0.6である、請求項11に記載の被覆切削工具。
- PVD層(A)の式において、0≦p≦0.1、0.4≦q≦1、0≦r≦0.1、0≦s≦0.1、0≦t≦0.5である、請求項11に記載の被覆切削工具。
- PVD層(A)の式において、0.2≦p≦0.6、0≦q≦0.1、0≦r≦0.1、0<s≦0.1、0.35≦t≦0.75である、請求項11に記載の被覆切削工具。
- PVD層(A)の式において、0.7≦p≦0.95、0≦q≦0.1、0≦r≦0.1、0.01<s≦0.3、0≦t≦0.1である、請求項11に記載の被覆切削工具。
- PVD層(A)の式において、0≦a≦0.25、0.75≦b≦1、0≦c≦0.05、a+b+c=1である、請求項5から18の何れか一項に記載の被覆切削工具。
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