JP7053453B2 - 疾患及び障害を治療するためのインターロイキン10の使用方法 - Google Patents
疾患及び障害を治療するためのインターロイキン10の使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、2015年8月25日出願の米国仮特許出願第62/209,500号の優先利益を主張するものであり、その出願の全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
サイトカインインターロイキン10(IL-10)は、T細胞、B細胞、マクロファージ、及び抗原提示細胞(APC)に作用して複数の免疫応答を調節する多面発現性サイトカインである。IL-10は、活性化単球及び活性化マクロファージにおけるIL-1α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、TNFα、GM-CSF、及びG-CSFの発現を阻害することによって免疫応答を抑制することができ、またNK細胞によるIFN-γ細胞の産生を抑制する。IL-10は主にマクロファージで発現するが、活性化T細胞、B細胞、マスト細胞、及び単球においても発現が検出されている。IL-10は、免疫応答の抑制に加え、IL-2及びIL-4処理胸腺細胞の増殖を刺激すること、B細胞の生存率を増加させること、ならびにMHCクラスII発現を刺激することを含む免疫刺激特性を示す。
IL-10はIL-15媒介性のT細胞活性化を阻害することが以前に報告されており、その抑制的役割と一致する。しかしながら、実施例のセクションに記載され、本明細書で詳細に説明されるように、活性化CD8+ T細胞へのPEG-IL-10及びIL-15の曝露は、IFNγの分泌の少なくとも相加的な増加と関連していた。これらのデータは、IL-15と組み合わせたPEG-IL-10による治療が、T細胞のIL-15媒介性の活性化を阻害するよりもむしろ活性化を増強することを示唆している。
特に記載のない限り、以下の用語は、下記に記載する意味を有することを意図する。それ以外の用語は、本明細書中の別の箇所で定義する。
ヒトサイトカイン合成阻害因子(CSIF)としても知られる、抗炎症サイトカインIL-10は、IL-19、IL-20、IL-22、IL-24(Mda-7)、及びIL-26、インターフェロン(IFN-α、-β、-γ、-δ、-ε、-κ、-Ω、及び-τ)、ならびにインターフェロン様分子(リミチン、IL-28A、IL-28B、及びIL-29)を含む、一連のサイトカインである、タイプ(クラス)2サイトカインに分類される。
MGC9721とも称されるインターロイキン15(IL-15)は、NK細胞、CD8 +記憶T細胞、及びナイーブCD8 +細胞の細胞溶解活性の刺激、サイトカイン分泌、及び生存性に関与する炎症誘発性サイトカインである(Fehniger,et al.(1999)J Immunol 162:4511-20を参照)。IL-15は、ナイーブ及び記憶CD4及びCD8+ T細胞、ならびにNK細胞の増殖を誘導する(Sneller,M.C.,et al.(2011)Blood 118(26):6845-48;Waldmann,T.A.,et al.(2011)Blood 117(18):4787-95)。加えて、IL-15はIFN-γ、TNFα、IL-1β、及びIL-6の分泌を誘導し(Conlon,K.C.,et al.(2015)J Clin Oncol 33(1):74-82; Berger,C.,et al.(2009)Blood 114(12):2417-26)、CD8+ T細胞(Liu,K.,et al.(2002)Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99(9):6192-97;Wang,N.P.,et al.(2002)Ann N Y Acad Sci 975:46-56)及びNK細胞(Huntington,N.D.,et al.(2009)J Exp Med 206(1):25-34))両方の細胞傷害性機能を増強する。
上述のように、IL-10は、IFNγ、IL-12(D’Andrea,A.,et al.(1993)J Exp Med 178(3):1041-48)、及びTNFα(Armstrong,L.,et al.(1996)Thorax 51(2):143-49)の分泌を阻害する抗炎症性及び免疫抑制性サイトカインであると考えられている。IL-10はまた、抗原提示及びその後のCD4+ T細胞の活性化を阻害する(de Waal Malefyt,R.,et al.(1991)J Exp Med 174(5):1209-20;de Waal Malefyt,R.,et al.(1991)J Exp Med 174(4):915-24)ことから、強力な免疫抑制性サイトカインであると一般的に考えられている。
本明細書に記載の方法におけるIL-10の血漿レベルは、いくつかの方法で特性決定することができ、これには(1)ある程度の特定のレベルまたはある範囲のレベルを上回る平均IL-10血清トラフ濃度;(2)ある程度の期間、ある程度の特定のレベルを上回る平均IL-10血清トラフ濃度;(3)ある程度の特定のレベルを上回るもしくは下回る、またはある範囲内のレベルである、定常状態のIL-10血清濃度レベル;あるいは(4)ある程度の特定のレベルを上回るもしくは下回る、またはある範囲内のレベルである濃度プロファイルのCmaxを含む。本明細書に記載されるように、平均血清トラフIL-10濃度は、特定の適応症での有効性に特に重要であることが見出されている。本明細書に記載の方法で参照されるIL-15の血漿レベルを同様に特性決定することができる。
本開示のポリペプチドは、非組換え(例えば、化学合成)及び組換え方法を含む任意の適切な方法によって産生することができる。
ポリペプチドが化学的に合成される場合、この合成は液相または固相を介して進行することができる。固相ペプチド合成(SPPS)は、非天然アミノ酸及び/またはペプチド/タンパク質主鎖修飾の組み込みを可能にする。本開示のポリペプチドを合成するには、9-フルオレニルメトキシカルボニル(Fmoc)及びt-ブチルオキシカルボニル(Boc)などの様々な形態のSPPSが利用可能である。化学合成の詳細は当技術分野で既知である(例えばGanesan A.(2006)Mini Rev.Med.Chem.6:3-10;及びCamarero J.A.et al.,(2005)Protein Pept Lett.12:723-8))。
ヒト及びマウスIL-10の調製を示した方法は、例えば、米国特許第5,231,012号で参照することができ、これには、組換え及びその他の合成技術を含む、IL-10活性を有するタンパク質の産生方法が教示されている。IL-10はウイルス起源であってもよく、エプスタインバーウイルス(BCRF1タンパク質)からのウイルスIL-10のクローニング及び発現が、Moore et al.,(1990)Science 248:1230に開示されている。IL-10は、本明細書に記載されたものなどの当技術分野で既知の標準技術を使用した複数の方法で得ることができる。また、組換えヒトIL-10が、例えばPeproTech,Inc.,Rocky Hill,N.J.から市販されている。
場合によって、IL-10には、ペプチド結合以外の1つ以上の結合が含まれ、例えば少なくとも2つの隣接するアミノ酸がアミド結合以外の結合を介して連結される。例えば、望ましくないタンパク質分解またはその他の手段による分解を減少または消失させるため、かつ/または血清安定性を増加させるため、かつ/または立体配座の柔軟性を制限するまたは増加させるために、IL-10の骨格内の1つ以上のアミド結合を置換することができる。
IL-10ポリペプチドに1つ以上のアミノ酸置換を施すことができる。以下は非限定的な例である。
システイン残基またはシステイン類似体をIL-10ポリペプチドに導入し、ジスルフィド結合により別のペプチドとの結合を生じさせること、またはIL-10ポリペプチドの環化を生じさせることができる。システインまたはシステイン類似体の導入方法は、当技術分野で既知である。例えば米国特許第8,067,532号を参照のこと。
IL-10のPEG化には、IL-10ポリペプチド配列を様々な非タンパク質性ポリマー、例えばポリエチレングリコール(PEG)、ポリプロピレングリコール、またはポリオキシアルキレンのいずれかにコンジュゲートまたは連結することを含む。これは多くの場合、タンパク質と非タンパク質性ポリマー(例えばPEG)の両方に共有結合する連結部分によって生じる。このようなPEGコンジュゲート生体分子は、良好な物理的及び熱的安定性、酵素分解による影響からの保護、溶解性の増加、in vivo血中半減期の延長及びクリアランスの低下、免疫原性及び抗原性の緩和、ならびに毒性の緩和を含む、臨床的に有用な特性を有することが示されている。PEG化が薬物動態パラメーターに及ぼす有益な効果に加えて、PEG化自体が活性を増強することができる。例えば、PEG-IL-10は、非PEG化IL-10よりもある種の癌に対してより有効であることが示されている(例えば、EP206636A2を参照)。
特定の実施形態では、本開示は、癌関連の疾患、障害、または病態の治療及び/または予防にPEG-IL-10及びIL-15薬剤を使用することを企図する。特定の用途を以下で詳細に記載するが、本開示はそれに限定されないものと理解されるべきである。
本開示によって企図されるPEG-IL-10及びIL-15薬剤は、対象への投与に適した組成物の形態であり得る。一般に、そのような組成物は、PEG-IL-10及び/またはIL-15薬剤ならびに1種以上の薬学的に許容されるもしくは生理学的に許容される希釈剤、担体、もしくは賦形剤を含む「医薬組成物」である。ある特定の実施形態では、PEG-IL-10及びIL-15薬剤はそれぞれ、治療上許容される量で存在する。本開示の方法に医薬組成物を使用することができる。したがって、例えば、本明細書に記載の治療及び予防方法ならびに使用を実施するために、医薬組成物をex vivoまたはin vivoで対象に投与することができる。
本開示は、任意の適切な方法でのPEG-IL-10及びIL-15薬剤、ならびにその組成物の投与を企図する。好適な投与経路としては、非経口(例えば、筋肉内、静脈内、皮下(例えば、注入または埋込み)、腹腔内、嚢内、関節内、腹腔内、脳内(実質内)、及び脳室内)、経口、経鼻、経腟、舌下、眼内、直腸内、局所(例えば、経皮)、舌下、及び吸入が挙げられる。また、規定された期間にわたって本明細書に開示されるポリペプチドを放出するために、一般に皮下または筋肉内に投与されるデポ注射を使用してもよい。
本開示は、1種以上の活性な治療薬または他の予防法もしくは治療法(例えば、放射線)とさらに組み合わせた、PEG-IL-10とIL-15薬剤の併用を企図する。本出願では、そのようなさらなる組み合わせを、「補助的な組み合わせ」、「補助的な併用療法」、「追加の予防薬または治療薬との組み合わせ」などと称する場合があり、PEG-IL-10及びIL-15薬剤の組み合わせに追加する薬剤を「補助的薬剤」などと称することがある。そのような補助的な併用療法では、種々の補助活性剤(複数可)がPEG-IL-10及び/またはIL-15薬剤とは異なる作用機序を有している場合が多い。そのような補助的な併用療法の特に有利な点として、1種以上の薬剤の用量の低減を可能にし、それにより1種以上の薬剤に付随する副作用を緩和または消失させることができる。さらに、そのような補助的な併用療法は、原因となる増殖性の疾患、障害、または病態に対して相乗的な治療または予防効果を有し得る。本開示のいくつかの実施形態では、補助的薬剤(複数可)は診断薬(複数可)である。
本発明のPEG-IL-10及びIL-15薬剤は、例えば、投与の目標(例えば、目的とする消散度);製剤を投与する対象の年齢、体重、性別、健康状態及び体調;投与経路;ならびに疾患、障害、病態、またはその症状の性質に応じた量で対象に投与することができる。または、投与レジメンは、投与する薬剤(複数可)に付随する任意の副作用の存在、性質、及び範囲を考慮することができる。例えば、安全性及び用量漸増試験、in vivo試験(例えば、動物モデル)、及び当業者に既知の他の方法に基づいて、有効投与量及び用量レジメンを容易に決定することができる。
本開示はまた、PEG-IL-10及び/またはIL-15薬剤、ならびにその医薬組成物を含むキットを企図する。キットは一般に、以下に記載の様々な成分を収容する物理的構造体の形態であり、例えば、上記の方法を実施するのに利用することができる。キットの1つ以上の成分を滅菌容器(例えば、滅菌バイアル)内に収めることができる。
記載した場合、以下の一般的な物質及び方法を使用した、またはこれを以下の実施例で使用することができる。
IL-15と組み合わせたPEG-IL-10の効果
活性化された初代ヒトCD8+ T細胞は、PEG-IL-10で、次いで抗CD3抗体で処理するとIFN-γを分泌する。樹状細胞による抗原提示の際にT細胞が遭遇する条件を模倣するために、PEG-IL-10、IL-15、または両方の組み合わせの存在下で、CD8+ T細胞を抗CD3/抗CD28の同時刺激に曝露した。図3に示すように、抗CD3/抗CD28によって活性化したPEG-IL-10+IL-15をCD8+ T細胞に曝露すると、いずれかの薬剤のみにCD8+ T細胞を曝露した場合に観察されるINFγの分泌と比較して、INFγの分泌が中等度に増強された。図3に示すデータ、及び図4~7に示されたデータは、PEG-rHuIL-10及びrHuIL-15を使用した場合に生成されたものである。
すべては、個別の刊行物または特許出願がそれぞれ具体的かつ個別に参照により本明細書
に組み込まれた場合と同様に、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
本発明は以下の態様も含む。
[1]
対象における癌関連の疾患、障害、または病態を治療または予防する方法であって、
a)少なくとも6.0ng/mLの平均IL-10血清トラフ濃度を達成するのに十分な
量である、治療有効量のPEG-IL-10、及び
b)治療有効量のIL-15薬剤を前記対象に投与することを含む、前記方法。
[2]
前記PEG-IL-10の量が、少なくとも8.0ng/mLの平均IL-10血清ト
ラフ濃度を達成するのに十分である、上記[1]に記載の方法。
[3]
前記PEG-IL-10の量が、少なくとも10.0ng/mLの平均IL-10血清
トラフ濃度を達成するのに十分である、上記[1]に記載の方法。
[4]
前記PEG-IL-10が少なくとも毎日2回、対象に投与される、上記[1]に記載の方法。
[5]
前記PEG-IL-10が少なくとも毎日1回、対象に投与される、上記[1]に記載の方法。
[6]
対象における癌関連の疾患、障害、または病態を治療または予防する方法であって、
a)治療有効量のPEG-IL-10であって、前記量がある期間にわたって平均IL-
10血清トラフ濃度を維持するのに十分な量であり、
前記平均IL-10血清トラフ濃度が少なくとも6.0ng/mLであり、
前記平均IL-10血清トラフ濃度が前記期間の少なくとも90%の間維持される、
前記治療有効量のPEG-IL-10;及び
b)治療有効量のIL-15薬剤を前記対象に投与することを含む、前記方法。
[7]
前記平均IL-10血清トラフ濃度が少なくとも8.0ng/mLである、上記[6]に記載の方法。
[8]
前記平均IL-10血清トラフ濃度が少なくとも10.0ng/mLである、上記[6]に記載の方法。
[9]
前記期間が少なくとも12時間である、上記[6]に記載の方法。
[10]
前記期間が少なくとも24時間である、上記[6]に記載の方法。
[11]
前記平均IL-10血清トラフ濃度が前記期間の少なくとも95%の間維持される、上記[6]~[10]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[12]
前記平均IL-10血清トラフ濃度が前記期間の少なくとも98%の間維持される、上記[6]~[10]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[13]
前記平均IL-10血清トラフ濃度が前記期間の100%の間維持される、上記[6]~[10]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[14]
前記PEG-IL-10が成熟ヒトPEG-IL-10である、上記[1]~[13]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[15]
前記PEG-IL-10が成熟ヒトPEG-IL-10の変異体であり、前記変異体が
成熟ヒトPEG-IL-10の活性と同等の活性を示す、上記[1]~[13]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[16]
前記PEG-IL-10が、IL-10の少なくとも1つのサブユニットの少なくとも
1つのアミノ酸残基に共有結合した少なくとも1つのPEG分子を含む、上記[14]または[15]に記載の方法。
[17]
前記PEG-IL-10がモノPEG化とジPEG化IL-10との混合物を含む、上記[16]に記載の方法。
[18]
前記PEG-IL-10の前記PEG成分が約5kDa~約20kDaの分子質量を有
する、上記[16]に記載の方法。
[19]
前記PEG-IL-10の前記PEG成分が約20kDa超の分子質量を有する、上記[16]に記載の方法。
[20]
前記PEG-IL-10の前記PEG成分が少なくとも約30kDの分子質量を有する
、上記[16]に記載の方法。
[21]
前記IL-15薬剤が成熟ヒトIL-15である、上記[1]~[15]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[22]
前記IL-15薬剤が成熟ヒトIL-15の変異体であり、前記変異体が成熟ヒトIL
-15の活性と同等の活性を示す、上記[1]~[15]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[23]
前記投与が非経口注射によるものである、上記[1]~[22]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[24]
前記非経口注射が、皮下注射または静脈内注射である、上記[23]に記載の方法。
[25]
前記PEG-IL-10の量が10.0μg/kg/日~20.0μg/kg/日であ
る、上記[1]~[24]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[26]
前記PEG-IL-10の量が12.0μg/kg/日~18.0μg/kg/日であ
る、上記[25]に記載の方法。
[27]
前記IL-15薬剤の量が0.01μg/kg/日~10.0μg/kg/日である、
上記[1]~[24]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[28]
前記IL-15薬剤の量が0.1μg/kg/日~10.0μg/kg/日である、上記[27]に記載の方法。
[29]
前記IL-15薬剤の量が1.0μg/kg/日~10.0μg/kg/日である、上記[27]に記載の方法。
[30]
前記癌が固形腫瘍である、上記[1]~[29]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[31]
前記固形腫瘍が、乳癌、前立腺癌、肺癌、肝臓癌、膵臓癌、脳腫瘍、胃癌、卵巣癌、腎
臓癌、精巣癌、及び黒色腫からなる群から選択される、上記[30]に記載の方法。
[32]
前記癌がリンパ腫である、上記[1]~[29]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[33]
前記リンパ腫がB細胞リンパ腫である、上記[32]に記載の方法。
[34]
前記対象がヒトである、上記[1]~[33]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[35]
前記PEG-IL-10及び前記IL-15薬剤の効果が相加的である、上記[1]~[34]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[36]
前記PEG-IL-10及び前記IL-15薬剤の効果が相乗的である、上記[1]~[34]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[37]
少なくとも1種の追加の予防薬または治療薬を投与することをさらに含む、上記[1]~[36]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[38]
追加の予防薬または治療薬が化学療法剤である、上記[37]に記載の方法。
[39]
前記化学療法剤が白金系抗腫瘍剤である、上記[38]に記載の方法。
[40]
ある量の上記[1]~[39]のいずれかに記載のPEG-IL-10及びIL-15薬剤、ならびに薬学的に許容される希釈剤、担体または賦形剤を含む、医薬組成物。
[41]
前記賦形剤が等張注射溶液である、上記[40]に記載の医薬組成物。
[42]
前記組成物がヒト投与に適している、上記[40]に記載の医薬組成物。
[43]
少なくとも1種の追加の予防薬または治療薬をさらに含む、上記[40]~[42]のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
[44]
上記[40]~[43]のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物を含む、滅菌容器。
[45]
前記滅菌容器が注射器である、上記[44]に記載の滅菌容器。
[46]
上記[44]または[45]に記載の滅菌容器を含むキット。
[47]
少なくとも1種の追加の予防薬または治療薬を含む第2の滅菌容器をさらに含む、上記[46]に記載のキット。
Claims (20)
- PEG-IL-10およびIL-15薬剤を含む、対象における癌を治療または予防する方法に用いるための医薬組成物であって、前記方法が、
a)治療有効量のPEG-IL-10、ここで、前記治療有効量が、0.1~100μg/kgである、及び
b)治療有効量のIL-15薬剤、ここで、前記治療有効量が、1~15μg/kgである
を前記対象に投与することを含む、医薬組成物。 - 前記PEG-IL-10が少なくとも毎日2回、対象に投与される、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記PEG-IL-10が少なくとも毎日1回、対象に投与される、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記PEG-IL-10が成熟ヒトPEG-IL-10である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記PEG-IL-10が成熟ヒトPEG-IL-10の変異体であり、前記変異体が成熟ヒトPEG-IL-10の活性と同等の活性を示す、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記PEG-IL-10が、IL-10の少なくとも1つのサブユニットの少なくとも1つのアミノ酸残基に共有結合した少なくとも1つのPEG分子を含む、請求項4または5に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記PEG-IL-10がモノPEG化とジPEG化IL-10との混合物を含む、請求項6に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記PEG-IL-10の前記PEG成分が約5kDa~約20kDaの分子質量を有する、請求項6に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記IL-15薬剤が成熟ヒトIL-15である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記IL-15薬剤が成熟ヒトIL-15の変異体であり、前記変異体が成熟ヒトIL-15の活性と同等の活性を示す、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記投与が非経口注射によるものである、請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記非経口注射が、皮下注射または静脈内注射である、請求項11に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記癌が固形腫瘍である、請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記固形腫瘍が、乳癌、前立腺癌、肺癌、肝臓癌、膵臓癌、脳腫瘍、胃癌、卵巣癌、腎臓癌、精巣癌、及び黒色腫からなる群から選択される、請求項13に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記癌がリンパ腫である、請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記リンパ腫がB細胞リンパ腫である、請求項15に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記対象がヒトである、請求項1~16のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記方法が、少なくとも1種の追加の予防薬または治療薬を投与することをさらに含む、請求項1~17のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 追加の予防薬または治療薬が化学療法剤である、請求項18に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記化学療法剤が白金系抗腫瘍剤である、請求項19に記載の医薬組成物。
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MX2018002298A (es) | 2018-07-06 |
KR20180038553A (ko) | 2018-04-16 |
CA2995120A1 (en) | 2017-03-02 |
AU2016312510A1 (en) | 2018-03-08 |
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