JP2019505493A - 疾患及び障害を治療するためにインターロイキン10を使用する方法 - Google Patents
疾患及び障害を治療するためにインターロイキン10を使用する方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、その全体を本明細書の一部として援用する2016年1月5日に提出された米国仮特許出願第62/275,127の優先権の利益を主張する。
サイトカインインターロイキン10(IL−10)は、T細胞、B細胞、マクロファージ、及び抗原提示細胞(APC)に作用して複数の免疫応答を調節する多面発現性サイトカインである。IL−10は、活性化単球及び活性化マクロファージにおけるIL−1α、IL−1β、IL−6、IL−8、TNFα、GM−CSF、及びG−CSFの発現を阻害することによって免疫応答を抑制することができ、またNK細胞によるIFN−γ細胞の産生を抑制する。IL−10は主にマクロファージで発現するが、活性化T細胞、B細胞、肥満細胞、及び単球においても発現が検出されている。IL−10は、免疫応答の抑制に加え、IL−2及びIL−4処理胸腺細胞の増殖を刺激すること、B細胞の生存率を増加させること、並びにMHCクラスII発現を刺激することを含む免疫刺激特性を示す。
本明細書に記載されるように、本開示の発明者らは、特定の条件及びパラメーターの下でのPEG−IL−10及びIL−12の同時投与が、その強力な抗腫瘍活性を依然として保持しながら、IL−12の有害な副作用を軽減し得ることを発見した。この知見を考慮して、本開示は、がん関連の疾患、障害及び病態、及び/またはその症状の治療及び/または予防のための、IL−12剤(例えば、rHuIL−12)及びその組成物と組み合わせた、PEG−IL−10(例えば、rHuPEG−IL−10)及びその組成物を使用する方法を企図している。この方法は、特定の投与計画を含み、本明細書に記載の障害の治療及び/または予防において相加的または相乗的効果の機会を提供する。
特に記載のない限り、以下の用語は、下記に記載する意味を有することを意図する。それ以外の用語は、本明細書中の別の箇所で定義する。
ヒトサイトカイン合成阻害因子(CSIF)としても知られる、抗炎症サイトカインIL−10は、IL−19、IL−20、IL−22、IL−24(Mda−7)、及びIL−26、インターフェロン(IFN−α、−β、−γ、−δ、−ε、−κ、−Ω、及び−τ)、並びにインターフェロン様分子(リミチン、IL−28A、IL−28B、及びIL−29)を含む、一連のサイトカインである、タイプ(クラス)2サイトカインに分類される。
インターロイキン−12(IL−12)は、マクロファージによって天然に産生される多面発現性サイトカインであり、抗原刺激に応答して、B−リンパ芽球様細胞、樹状細胞及び好中球によって天然に産生される。それは、PMAに誘発されたEBV形質転換B細胞系統から分泌される因子として最初に記載された。IL−12は、ナイーブT細胞のTh1細胞への分化に関与しており、T細胞の増殖及び機能を刺激することができ、NK細胞及びCD8+細胞傷害性Tリンパ球の細胞傷害活性の増強を媒介する。このように、IL−12は先天性(NK細胞)及び適応性(細胞傷害性Tリンパ球)の両方を活性化する。IL−12はまた、T細胞及びNK細胞からのIFNγ及びTNFαの産生を刺激し、IFNγのIL−4媒介抑制を低下させる。
PEG−IL−10及びIL−12の組み合わせは、少なくとも相加的な、おそらくは相乗的な抗腫瘍効果を示すと考えられる。しかし、IL−12の単独療法で観察された毒性は、これまでヒト被験者におけるそのような併用療法の探索を制限してきた。特に、IL−12は強力な免疫刺激性生物学を示し、これはその最大許容用量(0.5〜1.25μg/kgと記載されている;Cebon,J.,et al.,Cancer Immun,2003.3:p.7参照)をその最大有効投与量よりも低い量に制限する。この現象の根底にあるメカニズムの理解は本開示を実施するために必要ではないが、それは、抗原非特異的なナイーブCD4+及びCD8+T細胞並びに抗原特異的CD4+及びCD8+T細胞の両方、並びにNK細胞のIL−12による活性化に起因すると思われる。IL−12は、抗原特異的及び抗原非特異的の両方である広範囲の免疫刺激を示すが、PEG−IL−10曝露は、CD8+T細胞の抗原特異的集団を活性化するのみである。以下に示すように、PEG−IL−10は、組み合わされた場合、IL−12の非抗原特異的免疫刺激を制限して、IL−12の免疫刺激効果を、免疫系の抗原特異的な適応性CD8+T細胞アームに集中させるようである。
本明細書に記載の方法におけるIL−10の血漿レベルは、下記を含む幾つかの方法で特徴付けすることができる。即ち、(1)特定のレベルを上回る、またはある範囲のレベルを上回る平均IL−10血清トラフ濃度、(2)ある程度の時間に亘って特定のレベルを上回る平均IL−10血清トラフ濃度、(3)ある特定のレベルを上回るかまたは下回る定常状態のIL−10血清濃度レベル、またはあるレベル範囲内のIL−10血清濃度レベル、(4)特定のレベルを上回るかまたは下回る、またはあるレベル範囲内の濃度プロファイルのCmaxである。本明細書に記載されるように、平均血清トラフIL−10濃度は、一定の適応症での有効性のために特に重要であることが見出されている。IL−12の血漿レベルも同様の方法で特徴付けすることができる。
本開示のポリペプチドは、非組換え(例えば、化学合成)及び組換え方法を含む任意の適切な方法によって産生することができる。
ポリペプチドが化学的に合成される場合、この合成は液相または固相を介して進行することができる。固相ペプチド合成(SPPS)は、非天然アミノ酸及び/またはペプチド/タンパク質主鎖修飾の組み込みを可能にする。本開示のポリペプチドを合成するには、9−フルオレニルメトキシカルボニル(Fmoc)及びt−ブチルオキシカルボニル(Boc)等の様々な形態のSPPSが利用可能である。化学合成の詳細は当技術分野で既知である(例えばGanesan A.(2006)Mini Rev.Med.Chem.6:3−10;及びCamarero J.A.et al.,(2005)Protein Pept Lett.12:723−8)。
ヒト及びマウスIL−10の調製を示した方法は、例えば、米国特許第5,231,012号で参照することができ、これには、組換え及びその他の合成技術を含む、IL−10活性を有するタンパク質の産生方法が教示されている。IL−10はウイルス起源であってもよく、エプスタインバーウイルス(BCRF1タンパク質)からのウイルスIL−10のクローニング及び発現が、Moore et al.,(1990)Science 248:1230に開示されている。IL−10は、本明細書に記載されたもの等の当技術分野で既知の標準技術を使用した複数の方法で得ることができる。また、組換えヒトIL−10が、例えばPeproTech,Inc.,Rocky Hill,N.J.から市販されている。
場合によって、IL−10には、ペプチド結合以外の1以上の結合が含まれ、例えば少なくとも2つの隣接するアミノ酸がアミド結合以外の結合を介して連結される。例えば、望ましくないタンパク質分解またはその他の手段による分解を減少または消失させるため、及び/または血清安定性を増加させるため、及び/または立体配座の柔軟性を制限するまたは増加させるために、IL−10の骨格内の1つ以上のアミド結合を置換することができる。
IL−10ポリペプチドに1つ以上のアミノ酸置換を施すことができる。以下は非限定的な例である。
システイン残基またはシステイン類似体をIL−10ポリペプチドに導入して、ジスルフィド結合により別のペプチドとの結合を生じさせる、またはIL−10ポリペプチドの環化を生じさせることができる。システインまたはシステイン類似体の導入方法は、当技術分野で既知である。例えば米国特許第8,067,532号を参照のこと。
IL−10のPEG化には、IL−10ポリペプチド配列を様々な非タンパク質性ポリマー、例えばポリエチレングリコール(PEG)、ポリプロピレングリコール、またはポリオキシアルキレンのいずれかにコンジュゲートまたは連結することが含まれる。これは多くの場合、タンパク質と非タンパク質性ポリマー(例えばPEG)の両方に共有結合する連結部分によって生じる。このようなPEGコンジュゲート生体分子は、良好な物理的及び熱的安定性、酵素分解による影響からの保護、溶解性の増加、in vivo血中半減期の延長及びクリアランスの低下、免疫原性及び抗原性の緩和、並びに毒性の緩和を含む、臨床的に有用な特性を有することが示されている。PEG化が薬物動態パラメーターに及ぼす有益な効果に加えて、PEG化自体が活性を増強することができる。例えば、PEG−IL−10は、非PEG化IL−10よりもある種のがんに対してより有効であることが示されている(例えば、EP206636A2を参照されたい)。
特定の実施形態において、本開示は、がん関連の疾患、障害、または病態の治療及び/または予防において、PEG−IL−10及びIL−12剤を使用することを想定している。特定の用途を以下で詳細に記載するが、本開示はそれに限定されないことが理解されるべきである。
本開示によって企図されるPEG−IL−10及びIL−12剤は、被験体への投与に適した組成物の形態であり得る。一般に、そのような組成物は、PEG−IL−10及び/またはIL−12剤、並びに1種以上の医薬的に許容可能もしくは生理学的に許容可能な希釈剤、担体、もしくは賦形剤を含む「医薬組成物」である。ある特定の実施形態では、PEG−IL−10及びIL−12剤はそれぞれ、治療上許容される量で存在する。この医薬組成物は、本開示の方法において使用することができる。従って、例えば、本明細書に記載の治療方法及び予防方法、並びに使用を実施するために、医薬組成物をex vivoまたはin vivoで被験体に投与することができる。
本開示は、任意の適切な方法でのPEG−IL−10及びIL−12剤、並びにその組成物の投与を想定している。好適な投与経路としては、非経口(例えば、筋肉内、静脈内、皮下(例えば、注入または埋込み)、腹腔内、嚢内、関節内、腹腔内、脳内(実質内、及び脳室内)、経口、経鼻、経腟、舌下、眼内、直腸内、局所(例えば、経皮)、舌下、及び吸入が挙げられる。また、規定された期間に亘って本明細書に開示されるポリペプチドを放出するために、一般に皮下または筋肉内に投与されるデポ注射を使用してもよい。
本開示は、1種以上の活性な治療薬または他の予防法もしくは治療法(例えば、放射線)と更に組み合わせた、PEG−IL−10及びIL−12剤の併用を意図している。本出願の目的では、そのような更なる組み合わせを、「補助的組み合わせ」、「補助的併用療法」、「追加の予防薬または治療薬との組み合わせ」などと称する場合があり、PEG−IL−10及びIL−12剤の組み合わせに追加する薬剤を「補助的薬剤」などと称することがある。そのような補助的な併用療法では、種々の補助活性剤(複数可)がPEG−IL−10及び/またはIL−12剤とは異なる作用機序を有している場合が多い。そのような補助的併用療法の特に有利な点として、1以上の薬剤の用量の低減を可能にし、それにより1以上の薬剤に付随する副作用を緩和または消失させることができる。更に、そのような補助的な併用療法は、原因となる増殖性の疾患、障害または病態に対して相乗的な治療または予防効果を有し得る。本開示の幾つかの実施形態において、補助的薬剤(複数可)は診断薬(複数可)である。
本発明のPEG−IL−10及びIL−12剤は、例えば、投与の目標(例えば、望まれる消散度);製剤を投与する被験体の年齢、体重、性別、健康状態及び体調;投与経路;並びに疾患、障害、病態、またはその症状の性質に応じた量で、被験体に投与することができる。または、投与計画は、投与する薬剤(複数可)に付随する何らかの副作用の存在、性質、及び範囲を考慮することができる。例えば、安全性及び用量漸増試験、in vivo試験(例えば、動物モデル)、及び当業者に既知の他の方法から、有効投与量及び用量投与計画を容易に決定することができる。
本開示はまた、PEG−IL−10及び/またはIL−12剤、並びにその医薬組成物を含むキットを想定している。キットは一般に、以下に記載の様々な成分を収容する物理的構造体の形態であり、例えば、上記の方法を実施するのに利用することができる。キットの1以上の成分は、滅菌容器(例えば、滅菌バイアル)の中に収めることができる。
IL−12と組み合わせたPEG−IL−10の抗腫瘍効果
この実施例は、マウス4T1腫瘍モデルにおいて、腫瘍サイズに対するPEG−IL−10及びIL−12の組み合わせの効果を実証する。
IL−12と組み合わせたPEG−IL−10の血清サイトカインレベルに対する効果
この実施例は、腫瘍を有するマウスの血清IFNγ及びTNFαレベルに対する、PEG−IL−10及びIL−12の組み合わせの効果を実証する。本明細書に記載されるように、IL−10及びIL−12の各々、特にIL−12への曝露は、血清サイトカインIFNγ及びTNFαの誘導を導く。IFNγ及びTNFα(主としてIFNγ)の血清レベルの上昇には、IL−12の全身毒性が伴う。
Claims (73)
- 被験体におけるがん関連の疾患、障害、または病態を治療または予防する方法であって、前記被験体に対して、
a)治療的有効量のIL−12剤、及び
b)治療的有効量のPEG−IL−10
を投与することを含み、
前記PEG−IL−10の量は、前記IL−12に付随する毒性を、IL−12単独療法で観察されるよりも低いレベルまで低下させるのに十分である前記方法。 - 被験体におけるがん関連の疾患、障害、または病態を治療または予防する方法であって、前記被験体に対して、
a)治療的有効量のIL−12剤、及び
b)治療的有効量のPEG−IL−10
を投与することを含み、
前記量は、
i)少なくとも1.0ng/mLの平均IL−10血清トラフ濃度を達成し、かつ
ii)前記IL−12に付随する毒性を、IL−12単独療法で観察されるよりも低いレベルまで低下させるのに十分である前記方法。 - 被験体におけるがん関連の疾患、障害、または病態を治療または予防する方法であって、前記被験体に対して、
a)治療的有効量のIL−12剤、及び
b)治療的有効量のPEG−IL−10
を投与することを含み、
前記量は、
i)平均IL−10血清トラフ濃度をある期間に亘って維持する(前記平均IL−10血清トラフ濃度は少なくとも1.0ng/mLであり、かつ前記平均IL−10血清トラフ濃度は前記期間の少なくとも90%に亘って維持される)、
ii)前記IL−12に付随する毒性を、IL−12単独療法で観察されるよりも低いレベルまで低下させるのに十分である前記方法。 - 前記平均IL−10血清トラフ濃度が少なくとも2.5ng/mLである、請求項2または3に記載の方法。
- 前記平均IL−10血清トラフ濃度が少なくとも5.0ng/mLである、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記平均IL−10血清トラフ濃度が少なくとも7.5ng/mLである、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記平均IL−10血清トラフ濃度が少なくとも10.0ng/mLである、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記平均IL−10血清トラフ濃度が少なくとも15.0ng/mLである、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記平均IL−10血清トラフ濃度が少なくとも20.0ng/mLである、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記期間が少なくとも12時間である、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記期間が少なくとも24時間である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記期間が少なくとも48時間である、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記期間が少なくとも72時間である、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記期間が少なくとも1週間である、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記期間が少なくとも2週間である、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記期間が少なくとも1月である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記平均IL−10血清トラフ濃度が前記期間の少なくとも95%に亘って維持される、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記平均IL−10血清トラフ濃度が前記期間の少なくとも98%に亘って維持される、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記平均IL−10血清トラフ濃度が前記期間の100%に亘って維持される、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記PEG−IL−10が成熟ヒトIL−10を含む、請求項1〜19のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記PEG−IL−10が成熟ヒトIL−10の変異体を含み、前記変異体が成熟ヒトIL−10の活性に匹敵する活性を示す、請求項1〜19のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記PEG−IL−10の量が10.0μg/kg/日〜20.0μg/kg/日である、請求項1〜21のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記PEG−IL−10の量が11.0μg/kg/日〜19.0μg/kg/日である、請求項1〜21のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記PEG−IL−10の量が12.0μg/kg/日〜18.0μg/kg/日である、請求項1〜21のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記PEG−IL−10の量が13.0μg/kg/日〜17.0μg/kg/日である、請求項1〜21のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記PEG−IL−10の量が14.0μg/kg/日〜16.0μg/kg/日である、請求項1〜21のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記PEG−IL−10の量が約15.0μg/kg/日である、請求項1〜21のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記IL−12剤の量が0.01μg/kg/日〜10.0μg/kg/日である、請求項1〜27のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記IL−12剤の量が0.05μg/kg/日〜9.5μg/kg/日である、請求項1〜27のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記IL−12剤の量が0.1μg/kg/日〜10.0μg/kg/日である、請求項1〜27のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記IL−12剤の量が0.1μg/kg/日〜9.0μg/kg/日である、請求項1〜27のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記IL−12剤の量が0.5μg/kg/日〜8.5μg/kg/日である、請求項1〜27のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記IL−12剤の量が1.0μg/kg/日〜10.0μg/kg/日である、請求項1〜27のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記IL−12剤の量が、1.0μg/kg/日〜8.0μg/kg/日である、請求項1〜27のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記IL−12剤の量が1.5μg/kg/日〜7.5μg/kg/日である、請求項1〜27のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記IL−12剤の量が2.0μg/kg/日〜7.0μg/kg/日である、請求項1〜27のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記IL−12剤の量が2.5μg/kg/日〜6.5μg/kg/日である、請求項1〜27のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記IL−12剤の量が3.0μg/kg/日〜6.0μg/kg/日である、請求項1〜27のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記IL−12剤の量が3.5μg/kg/日〜5.5μg/kg/日である、請求項1〜27のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記IL−12剤の量が4.0μg/kg/日〜5.0μg/kg/日である、請求項1〜27のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記IL−12剤の量が約4.5μg/kg/日である、請求項1〜27のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記PEG−IL−10が、IL−10の少なくとも1つのサブユニットの少なくとも1つのアミノ酸残基に共有結合された少なくとも1つのPEG分子を含んでいる、請求項1〜41のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記PEG−IL−10がモノPEG化IL−10及びジPEG化IL−10の混合物を含んでいる、請求項1〜41のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記PEG−IL−10のPEG成分が約5kDa〜約20kDaの分子量を有する、請求項42または43に記載の方法。
- 前記PEG−IL−10のPEG成分が約20kDaを超える分子量を有する、請求項42または43に記載の方法。
- 前記PEG−IL−10のPEG成分が少なくとも約30kDaの分子量を有する、請求項42または43に記載の方法。
- 前記IL−12剤が成熟ヒトIL−12である、請求項1〜46のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記IL−12剤が成熟ヒトIL−12の変異体であり、前記変異体は成熟ヒトIL−12の活性に匹敵する活性を示す、請求項1〜46のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記がん関連の疾患、障害、または病態が固形腫瘍またはリンパ腫である、請求項1〜48のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記固形腫瘍が乳癌、前立腺癌、肺癌、肝臓癌、膵臓癌、脳癌、胃癌、卵巣癌、腎癌、精巣癌及び黒色腫からなる群から選択される、請求項49に記載の方法。
- 前記がん関連の疾患、障害または病態が免疫非感受性腫瘍である、請求項1〜48のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫非感受性腫瘍が結腸癌、胃食道癌、膵癌及び乳癌からなる群から選択される、請求項51に記載の方法。
- 前記PEG−IL−10及び前記IL−12剤の効果が相加的である、請求項1〜52のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記PEG−IL−10及び前記IL−12剤の効果が相乗的である、請求項1〜52のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記PEG−IL−10が少なくとも1日2回、前記被験体に投与される、請求項1〜54のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記PEG−IL−10が少なくとも1日1回、前記被験体に投与される、請求項1〜54のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記PEG−IL−10が少なくとも72時間毎に前記被験体に投与される、請求項1〜54のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記PEG−IL−10が少なくとも毎週1回、前記被験体に投与される、請求項1〜54のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記PEG−IL−10が少なくとも2週間毎に前記被験体に投与される、請求項1〜54のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記PEG−IL−10が少なくとも毎月1回、前記被験体に投与される、請求項1〜54のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 更に、少なくとも一つの追加の予防剤または治療剤を投与することを含む、請求項1〜60のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記追加の予防剤または治療剤が化学療法剤である、請求項61に記載の方法。
- 前記被験体がヒトである、請求項1〜62のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記投与が非経口注射による、請求項1〜63のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記非経口注射が皮下注射である、請求項64に記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜65のいずれか1項に記載のある量のPEG−IL−10及びIL−12剤と、医薬的に許容可能な希釈剤、担体または賦形剤とを含有する医薬組成物。
- 前記賦形剤が等張注射溶液である、請求項66に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記組成物がヒト投与に適する、請求項66に記載の医薬組成物。
- 更に、少なくとも1つの追加の予防剤または治療剤を含む、66〜68のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 請求項67〜69のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物を含む滅菌容器。
- 前記滅菌容器がシリンジである、請求項70に記載の滅菌容器。
- 請求項70または71に記載の滅菌溶液を備えたキット。
- 更に、少なくとも一つの追加の予防剤または治療剤を含む第二の滅菌容器を備えた、請求項72に記載のキット。
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