JP7047219B2 - 正極添加剤、その製造方法、これを含む正極およびリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
正極添加剤、その製造方法、これを含む正極およびリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7047219B2 JP7047219B2 JP2020517272A JP2020517272A JP7047219B2 JP 7047219 B2 JP7047219 B2 JP 7047219B2 JP 2020517272 A JP2020517272 A JP 2020517272A JP 2020517272 A JP2020517272 A JP 2020517272A JP 7047219 B2 JP7047219 B2 JP 7047219B2
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- positive electrode
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- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 92
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 42
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 66
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- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 33
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- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
本出願は、2017年11月27日付の韓国特許出願第10-2017-0159732号および2018年11月20日付の韓国特許出願第10-2018-0143832号に基づく優先権の利益を主張し、当該韓国特許出願の文献に開示されたすべての内容は本明細書の一部として含まれる。
本発明の一実施形態では、全体組成が下記の化学式1で表される正極添加剤を提供する:
[化学式1]
{x(Li2+aNibM1-bO2+c)}・{y(NiO)}・{z(Li2O)}
前記化学式1において、Mは、2価の陽イオンまたは3価の陽イオンを形成する金属元素のうちの1以上、例えば、Cu、Mg、Pt、およびAlを含む群より選択される1以上の金属元素であってもよく、-0.2≦a≦0.2であり、0.5≦b≦1.0であり、-0.2≦c≦0.2であり、0.7≦x<1.0であり、0<y≦0.15であり、0<z≦0.15である。
Li2+aNibM1-bO2+c
前記化学式1-1において、M、a、b、およびcは、前記化学式1と同一である。
{x(Li1+aNibM1-bO2+c)}・{y(NiO)}・{z(Li2O)}
(前記化学式2において、M、a、b、c、x、y、およびzはそれぞれ、化学式1と同一であってもよい。)
本発明の他の実施形態では、下記の化学式3で表されるニッケル系酸化物を準備する段階;および前記ニッケル系酸化物およびリチウム酸化物(Li2O)の混合物を熱処理する段階;を含む、正極添加剤の製造方法を提供する。このような製造方法により、前述した正極添加剤が得られる。
(NidM1-d)Ox
前記化学式3において、Mは、2価の陽イオンまたは3価の陽イオンを形成する金属元素であり、0.5≦d≦1.0であり、1.8≦x≦2.2である。
本発明のさらに他の実施形態では、前述した正極添加剤;および正極活物質;を含む正極合剤を提供する。
本発明のさらに他の実施形態では、前述した正極合剤を含む正極;電解質;および負極;を含むリチウム二次電池を提供する。
実施例1:{x(Li2NiO2)}・{y(NiO)}・{z(Li2O)}、x=0.86、y=0.07、z=0.07
(1)正極添加剤の製造
ニッケル水酸化物前駆体のNi(OH)2を600℃の(不活性雰囲気)で10時間熱処理して、ニッケル系酸化物NiOを得た。
実施例1の正極添加剤を適用して正極を製造し、前記製造された正極を含むリチウム二次電池を製造した。
(1)正極添加剤の製造
前記ニッケル系酸化物NiOをリチウム酸化物(Li2O)と1:1.2のモル比で混合した点を除き、残りは実施例1と同様にして、{x(Li2NiO2)}・{y(NiO)}・{z(Li2O)}、x=0.80、y=0.10、z=0.10を得て、これを実施例2の正極添加剤とした。
実施例1の正極添加剤の代わりに実施例2の正極添加剤を用いた点を除き、残りは実施例1と同様にして、実施例2の正極およびリチウム二次電池を製造した。
(1)正極添加剤の製造
前記ニッケル系酸化物NiOをリチウム酸化物(Li2O)と1:1.3のモル比で混合した点を除き、残りは実施例1と同様にして、{x(Li2NiO2)}・{y(NiO)}・{z(Li2O)}、x=0.76、y=0.12、z=0.12を得て、前記化学式は、後述する実験例1から計算されたものである。
実施例1の正極添加剤の代わりに実施例3の正極添加剤を用いた点を除き、残りは実施例1と同様にして、実施例3の正極およびリチウム二次電池を製造した。
(1)正極添加剤の製造
実施例1と同様に製造した正極添加剤を製造した後、未反応ニッケル系酸化物NiOおよびリチウム酸化物(Li2O)を400メッシュ(mesh)の篩(Sieve)を通してろ過して、空間群(point group)がImmmの斜方晶系(Orthorhombic)の結晶構造を有するx(Li2NiO2)、x=0.86を最終的に得て、これを比較例1の正極添加剤とした。
実施例1の正極添加剤の代わりに比較例1の正極添加剤を用いた点を除き、残りは実施例1と同様にして、比較例1の正極およびリチウム二次電池を製造した。
実施例1~3および比較例1の各正極添加剤に対して、CuKαX線(X-rα)によるX線回折(XRD:X-Ray Diffraction)分析を実施し、その結果を下記表1に記録した。
実施例1~3および比較例1の各電池に対して、次の条件で初期充放電特性を評価した。その評価結果は図1および下記表2に記録した。
放電:0.1C、CC、2.5V、カットオフ
実施例4および5:実施例1の正極添加剤および正極活物質の混合適用
実施例1の正極添加剤を実際に適用する形態で、正極活物質と共に実施例1の正極添加剤を適用して正極を製造し、前記製造された正極を含むリチウム二次電池を製造した。
そのいずれの正極添加剤も用いず、実施例1の正極添加剤の代わりにそれと同量の正極活物質(LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2)を用いて、実施例1と同様の方法で正極を製造し、前記製造された正極を含むリチウム二次電池を製造した。
具体的には、25℃の常温で次の条件で、比較例2、実施例4および5の各電池の充放電を進行させた。その結果を図2および下記表3に示した。
放電:0.2C、CC、2.5V、カットオフ
Claims (18)
- 全体組成が下記の化学式1で表される正極添加剤:
[化学式1]
{x(Li2+aNibM1-bO2+c)}・{y(NiO)}・{z(Li2O)}
前記化学式1において、
Mは、2価の陽イオンまたは3価の陽イオンを形成する金属元素のうちの1以上であり、Niではなく、
-0.2≦a≦0.2であり、0.5≦b≦1.0であり、-0.2≦c≦0.2であり、
0.7≦x<0.93であり、0<y≦0.15であり、0.07≦z≦0.15であり、x+y+z=1である。 - 前記正極添加剤は、
下記の化学式1-1で表されるリチウムニッケル酸化物、ニッケル酸化物(NiO)、およびリチウム酸化物(Li2O)を含み、全体組成が前記化学式1で表されるものである、請求項1に記載の正極添加剤:
[化学式1-1]
Li2+aNibM1-bO2+c
前記化学式1-1において、
M、a、b、およびcは、前記化学式1と同一である。 - y=zである、請求項1または2に記載の正極添加剤。
- 前記正極添加剤は、
FeKαX線(X-rα)によるX線回折(XRD:X-Ray Diffraction)測定時、
2θが30~35°の範囲、35~40°の範囲、および55~60°の範囲のうちの少なくとも1つ以上の範囲で、前記リチウム酸化物(Li2O)によるピークが検出されるものである、請求項2に記載の正極添加剤。 - 前記正極添加剤は、
FeKαX線(X-rα)によるX線回折(XRD:X-Ray Diffraction)測定時、
2θが35~40°の範囲、40~45°の範囲、および50~55°の範囲のうちの少なくとも1つ以上の範囲で、前記ニッケル酸化物(NiO)によるピークが検出されるものである、請求項2または4に記載の正極添加剤。 - 前記正極添加剤の総量(100重量%)中、前記ニッケル酸化物(NiO)の含有量は、0重量%超過15重量%以下である、請求項2、4または5に記載の正極添加剤。
- 下記の化学式3で表されるニッケル系酸化物を準備する段階;および
前記ニッケル系酸化物およびリチウム酸化物(Li2O)の混合物を熱処理する段階;を含む、請求項1に記載の正極添加剤の製造方法:
[化学式3]
(NidM1-d)Oe
前記化学式3において、
Mは、2価の陽イオンまたは3価の陽イオンを形成する金属元素であり、Niではなく、
0.5≦d≦1.0であり、1.8≦e≦2.2である。 - 前記化学式3において、e=2である、請求項7に記載の正極添加剤の製造方法。
- 前記ニッケル系酸化物およびリチウム酸化物(Li2O)の混合物を熱処理する段階は、
不活性雰囲気で行われるものである、請求項7または8に記載の正極添加剤の製造方法。 - 前記ニッケル系酸化物およびリチウム酸化物(Li2O)の混合物を熱処理する段階;は、
600~800℃で行われるものである、請求項7から9のいずれか一項に記載の正極添加剤の製造方法。 - 前記熱処理する段階の後で、未反応のリチウム酸化物(Li2O)を除去する段階を含まない、請求項7から10のいずれか一項に記載の正極添加剤の製造方法。
- 請求項1または2に記載の正極添加剤;および
正極活物質;を含む正極合剤。 - 前記正極添加剤は、
前記正極合剤の総量(100重量%)中、1~30重量%含まれるものである、請求項12に記載の正極合剤。 - 前記正極活物質は、
コバルト、マンガン、ニッケル、またはこれらの組み合わせの金属;およびリチウム;の複合酸化物のうちの1種以上を含むものである、請求項12または13に記載の正極合剤。 - 導電材、バインダー、またはこれらの混合物;をさらに含むものである、請求項12から14のいずれか一項に記載の正極合剤。
- 請求項12に記載の正極合剤を含む正極;
電解質;および
負極;を含むリチウム二次電池。 - 前記負極は、
炭素系負極活物質、リチウム金属、リチウム金属の合金、Si、SiOx(0<x<2)、Si-C複合体、Si-Q合金(前記Qは、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、13族~16族元素、遷移金属、希土類元素、またはこれらの組み合わせであり、Siではない)、Sn、SnO2、Sn-C複合体、およびSn-R(前記Rは、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、13族~16族元素、遷移金属、希土類元素、またはこれらの組み合わせであり、Snではない)を含む群より選択される少なくとも1種以上の負極活物質を含む、請求項16に記載のリチウム二次電池。 - 0.7≦x≦0.86であり、0.07≦y≦0.15であり、0.07≦z≦0.15であり、x+y+z=1である、請求項1または2に記載の正極添加剤。
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