JP6827559B2 - 正極合剤、これを含む正極、およびリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
正極合剤、これを含む正極、およびリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6827559B2 JP6827559B2 JP2019554642A JP2019554642A JP6827559B2 JP 6827559 B2 JP6827559 B2 JP 6827559B2 JP 2019554642 A JP2019554642 A JP 2019554642A JP 2019554642 A JP2019554642 A JP 2019554642A JP 6827559 B2 JP6827559 B2 JP 6827559B2
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- positive electrode
- weight
- platinum
- electrode mixture
- lithium
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 82
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 43
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 38
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 174
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- HPGPEWYJWRWDTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium peroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][O-] HPGPEWYJWRWDTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910018071 Li 2 O 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- -1 polyphenylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 25
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052798 chalcogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
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- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910020813 Sn-C Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910018732 Sn—C Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002153 silicon-carbon composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 26
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 13
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- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl orthoformate Chemical compound COC(OC)OC PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycine betaine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明の一実施形態に係る正極合剤は、実験的根拠を基盤として、正極活物質;導電剤;ならびにリチウムペルオキシド(Li2O2)および白金(Pt)を含む添加剤;を含み、前記白金および前記導電剤の総量100重量%中、前記白金の含有量が7重量%以上乃至20重量%以下になるように制御するものである。
Li2O2→2Li++O2
この他、前記添加剤およびこれを含む正極合剤の配合において、リチウムペルオキシド:白金の重量比、正極合剤総量中の導電剤の含有量などを考慮することができる。
前記添加剤を製造する原料や方法は、特に制限されない。
前記導電剤の種類は特に制限されない。例えば、前記導電剤は、電極に導電性を付与するために用いられるものであり、構成される電池において、化学変化を招かない電子伝導性材料であれば如何なるものでも使用可能であり、その例として天然黒鉛、人造黒鉛、カーボンブラック、アセチレンブラック、ケッチェンブラック、炭素繊維、銅、ニッケル、アルミニウム、銀などの金属粉末、金属繊維などを用いることができ、また、ポリフェニレン誘導体などの導電性材料を1種または1種以上を混合して用いることができる。
また、前記一実施形態の正極合剤において、前記正極活物質の種類も、コバルト、マンガン、ニッケルまたはこれらの組み合わせの金属;およびリチウム;の複合酸化物のうちの1種以上を含むものである、リチウムイオンの可逆的な挿入および脱離が可能な物質であれば、特に制限されない。例えば、コバルト、マンガン、ニッケルまたはこれらの組み合わせの金属;およびリチウム;の複合酸化物のうちの1種以上を含むものであってもよい。
一方、前記一実施形態の正極合剤は、バインダーをさらに含むことができる。
本発明のまた他の実施形態で、前述した正極合剤を含む正極;と、このような正極を含むリチウム二次電池を提供する。
(1)正極合剤の製造
リチウムペルオキシド(Li2O2)、白金(Pt)、導電剤、およびバインダーを含む正極合剤を製造し、Ptおよび導電剤の総量100重量%中のPt含有量が10重量%になるように配合比を制御した。
実施例1の正極合剤に有機溶媒(NMP)を添加してスラリー状を形成した後、アルミニウム集電体上に塗布して120℃の真空オーブンで12時間真空乾燥して、実施例2の正極を得た。
(1)正極合剤の製造
リチウムペルオキシド(Li2O2)、白金(Pt)、導電剤、およびバインダーを含む正極合剤を製造し、Ptおよび導電剤の総量100重量%中のPt含有量が15重量%になるように配合比を制御した。
実施例1の正極合剤の代わりに実施例2の正極合剤を用い、残りは実施例1と同様にして、実施例2の正極およびリチウム二次電池を製造した。
(1)正極合剤の製造
Ptを全く用いない点を除いては、残りは実施例1と同様にして、比較例1の正極合剤を製造した。
実施例1の正極合剤の代わりに比較例1の正極合剤を用い、残りは実施例1と同様にして、比較例1の正極およびリチウム二次電池を製造した。
(1)正極合剤の製造
リチウムペルオキシド(Li2O2)、白金(Pt)、導電剤、およびバインダーを含む正極合剤を製造し、Ptおよび導電剤の総量100重量%中のPt含有量が5重量%になるように配合比を制御した。
実施例1の正極合剤の代わりに比較例2の正極合剤を用い、残りは実施例1と同様にして、比較例2の正極およびリチウム二次電池を製造した。
実施例1および比較例1の各電池に対して、常温で次のような条件で初期充放電特性を評価した。その評価結果は図1に記録した。
放電:0.01C、CC、2.5V、カットオフ
Li2O2→2Li++O2
ただし、図1によれば、Ptを全く用いない比較例1の正極合剤を適用した場合、比較例1電池の初期充電時の電圧、例えば2.5乃至4.25V(vs.Li/Li+)で反応効率がよくないため、正極の初期充電容量が約180mAh/gに過ぎないことが確認される。
一方、白金(Pt)を正極合剤に適用した場合、正極の初期充電容量および初期効率を改善する効果があるが、特に、前記白金および前記導電剤の総量100重量%中、前記白金の含有量が7重量%以上乃至20重量%以下、より具体的に8重量%以上17重量%以下、さらに具体的に10重量%以上乃至15重量%以下になるように制御する時、ようやく臨界的効果があることが分かる。
放電:0.01C、CC、2.5V、カットオフ
Claims (11)
- 正極活物質;
導電剤;ならびに
リチウムペルオキシド(Li2O2)および白金(Pt)を含む添加剤;を含み、
前記白金および前記導電剤の総量100重量%中、前記白金の含有量が7重量%以上乃至20重量%以下であり、
前記リチウムペルオキシドおよび前記白金の重量比(Li 2 O 2 :Pt)は、100:0.5乃至100:20である、
正極合剤。 - 前記リチウムペルオキシドおよび前記白金の重量比(Li2O2:Pt)は、
100:1乃至100:10である、
請求項1に記載の正極合剤。 - 前記正極合剤総量(100重量%)中、
前記リチウムペルオキシド(Li2O2)および白金(Pt)を含む添加剤の重量は5乃至10重量%である、
請求項1または2に記載の正極合剤。 - 前記正極合剤総量(100重量%)中、
前記導電剤の重量は0.1乃至10重量%である、
請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の正極合剤。 - 前記導電剤は、
天然黒鉛、人造黒鉛、カーボンブラック、アセチレンブラック、ケッチェンブラック、炭素繊維、金属粉末、金属繊維、およびポリフェニレン誘導体を含む群より選択される1種以上を含むものである、
請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の正極合剤。 - 前記正極合剤総量(100重量%)中、
前記正極活物質の重量は86乃至88重量%である、
請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の正極合剤。 - 前記正極活物質は、
コバルト、マンガン、ニッケルまたはこれらの組み合わせの金属;およびリチウム;の複合酸化物のうちの1種以上を含むものである、
請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の正極合剤。 - バインダー;をさらに含む、
請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の正極合剤。 - 請求項1に記載の正極合剤を含む正極。
- 正極;
負極;および
電解質;を含み、
前記正極が、
正極活物質;
導電剤;ならびに
リチウムペルオキシド(Li 2 O 2 )および白金(Pt)を含む添加剤;を含み、
前記白金および前記導電剤の総量100重量%中、前記白金の含有量が7重量%以上乃至20重量%以下であり、
常温で2.5乃至4.25V(vs.Li/Li + )で1回充電した前記正極の充電容量が600mAh/g以上である、
リチウム二次電池。 - 前記負極は、
炭素系負極活物質、リチウム金属、リチウム金属の合金、Si、SiOx(0<x<2)、Si−C複合体、Si−Q合金(前記Qはアルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、第13族乃至第16族元素、遷移金属、希土類元素またはこれらの組み合わせであるが、Siではない)、Sn、SnO2、Sn−C複合体、およびSn−R(前記Rはアルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、第13族乃至第16族元素、遷移金属、希土類元素またはこれらの組み合わせであるが、Snではない)を含む群より選択される少なくとも1種以上の負極活物質を含む、
請求項10に記載のリチウム二次電池。
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EP3598535A1 (en) | 2020-01-22 |
US11316149B2 (en) | 2022-04-26 |
US20200335773A1 (en) | 2020-10-22 |
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