JP7015103B2 - Waste incinerator and control method of waste incinerator - Google Patents

Waste incinerator and control method of waste incinerator Download PDF

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JP7015103B2
JP7015103B2 JP2016128052A JP2016128052A JP7015103B2 JP 7015103 B2 JP7015103 B2 JP 7015103B2 JP 2016128052 A JP2016128052 A JP 2016128052A JP 2016128052 A JP2016128052 A JP 2016128052A JP 7015103 B2 JP7015103 B2 JP 7015103B2
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waste
gas
incinerator
combustion
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JP2018004113A (en
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博史 奥田
陽介 岩崎
健 向井
宏史 田中
惇 三島
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Kawasaki Motors Ltd
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Kawasaki Jukogyo KK
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Priority to JP2016128052A priority Critical patent/JP7015103B2/en
Priority to PCT/JP2017/014212 priority patent/WO2018003223A1/en
Priority to KR1020187037623A priority patent/KR102236283B1/en
Priority to CN201720757242.4U priority patent/CN207019078U/en
Priority to CN201710501656.5A priority patent/CN107543174B/en
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Priority to PH12018502692A priority patent/PH12018502692A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
    • F23N3/002—Regulating air supply or draught using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
    • F23G2206/20—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation
    • F23G2206/203—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation with a power/heat generating installation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Description

本発明はごみ焼却設備及びごみ焼却設備の制御方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a waste incinerator and a control method for the waste incinerator.

ボイラを備えたごみ焼却設備では、ごみの燃焼で発生した熱を用いて蒸気が生成される。ただし、ごみはその内容によって発熱量（単位重量あたりのごみが完全燃焼したときに発生する熱量）が異なることから、同じ重量のごみを燃焼させてもボイラへの入熱量は必ずしも同じにはならない。そこで、特許文献１及び２では、ごみの燃焼によって発生した排ガスの成分や炉内温度を測定し、その測定結果に基づいてボイラの入熱量が一定になるように空気の供給量等を制御する方法が開示されている。 In a waste incinerator equipped with a boiler, steam is generated using the heat generated by the combustion of waste. However, since the calorific value (the amount of heat generated when the garbage per unit weight is completely burned) differs depending on the content of the garbage, even if the same weight of garbage is burned, the amount of heat input to the boiler will not necessarily be the same. .. Therefore, in Patent Documents 1 and 2, the components of the exhaust gas generated by the combustion of waste and the temperature inside the furnace are measured, and the amount of air supplied is controlled so that the amount of heat input to the boiler becomes constant based on the measurement results. The method is disclosed.

特開昭５５－５６５１４号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 55-56514 特開平９－２７３７３２号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 9-273732

しかしながら、特許文献１及び２に記載の方法は、先に燃焼したごみの燃焼時における測定結果に基づいて、後に燃焼するごみの燃焼を制御するもの（つまり、フィードバック制御）であるため、ごみの内容が刻々と変化する状況下では、ボイラへの安定した入熱は困難である。 However, since the methods described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 control the combustion of the waste burned later (that is, feedback control) based on the measurement result at the time of burning the waste burned earlier, the waste In a situation where the contents change from moment to moment, it is difficult to stably heat the boiler.

本発明は、以上のような事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、ボイラへの安定した入熱が可能なごみ焼却設備を提供することを目的としている。 The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a waste incinerator capable of stably injecting heat into a boiler.

本発明の一態様に係るごみ焼却設備は、乾燥部で乾燥させたごみを燃焼部で燃焼させる焼却炉と、ごみの燃焼によって発生した熱を利用して蒸気を生成するボイラと、前記焼却炉の前記乾燥部にごみを供給する給じん装置と、前記乾燥部で発生したガスを含む炉内ガスの性状を検出するガス検出装置と、前記ガス検出装置から取得した炉内ガスの性状に基づいて、前記乾燥部におけるごみが燃焼したときに所望の熱量が発生する最適堆積量を算出し、前記乾燥部におけるごみの堆積量が前記最適堆積量となるように前記給じん装置を制御する制御装置と、を備えている。 The waste incinerator according to one aspect of the present invention includes an incinerator that burns the waste dried in the drying portion in the combustion portion, a boiler that generates steam by utilizing the heat generated by the combustion of the waste, and the incinerator. Based on the dust supply device that supplies dust to the dry part, the gas detection device that detects the properties of the incinerator gas including the gas generated in the dry part, and the properties of the incinerator gas acquired from the gas detection device. A control that calculates an optimum amount of heat to be generated when the waste in the dry part burns, and controls the dust supply device so that the amount of waste accumulated in the dry part becomes the optimum amount of deposit. It is equipped with a device.

この構成では、燃焼前のごみから発生するガスの性状に基づいて堆積量を調整し、そのごみが燃焼したときに所望の熱量が発生するよう制御を行っている（つまり、フィードフォワード制御を行っている）。そのため、焼却炉に供給されるごみの内容が刻々と変化しても、ボイラへの安定した入熱が可能となる。 In this configuration, the amount of accumulated gas is adjusted based on the properties of the gas generated from the waste before combustion, and control is performed so that the desired amount of heat is generated when the waste burns (that is, feed forward control is performed). ing). Therefore, even if the content of the waste supplied to the incinerator changes from moment to moment, stable heat input to the boiler is possible.

上記のごみ焼却設備において、前記焼却炉に空気を供給する空気供給装置をさらに備え、前記制御装置は、前記ガス検出装置から取得した炉内ガスの性状に基づいて、前記乾燥部におけるごみが燃焼したときに所望の熱量が発生する最適空気供給量を算出し、前記焼却炉への空気供給量が前記最適空気供給量となるように前記空気供給装置を制御するようにしてもよい。 In the above-mentioned waste incineration facility, an air supply device for supplying air to the incinerator is further provided, and the control device burns the waste in the drying portion based on the properties of the in-furnace gas acquired from the gas detection device. The optimum air supply amount for generating a desired amount of heat may be calculated, and the air supply device may be controlled so that the air supply amount to the incinerator becomes the optimum air supply amount.

この構成によれば、乾燥部におけるごみの堆積量のみならず、焼却炉への空気供給量も調整されるため、ボイラへの入熱をより一層安定させることができる。 According to this configuration, not only the amount of accumulated dust in the dry portion but also the amount of air supplied to the incinerator is adjusted, so that the heat input to the boiler can be further stabilized.

上記のごみ焼却設備において、前記制御装置は前記給じん装置の駆動に同期して前記最適堆積量を算出するようにしてもよい。 In the above-mentioned waste incinerator, the control device may calculate the optimum deposit amount in synchronization with the drive of the dust supply device.

この構成によれば、ごみが乾燥部に供給されるたびに最適堆積量が算出される。そのため、ごみが乾燥部に供給されることにより状況が変化したとしても、その変化に応じて最適堆積量が算出されるため、最適堆積量の算出を精度よく行うことができる。 According to this configuration, the optimum deposit amount is calculated each time the waste is supplied to the dry part. Therefore, even if the situation changes due to the supply of waste to the dry portion, the optimum deposit amount is calculated according to the change, so that the optimum deposit amount can be calculated accurately.

上記のごみ焼却設備において、前記乾燥部におけるごみの堆積高さを検出するレベル計をさらに備え、前記制御装置は、前記レベル計から取得したごみの堆積高さに基づいて、前記乾燥部におけるごみの堆積量が前記最適堆積量となるように前記給じん装置を制御するようにしてもよい。 In the above-mentioned waste incinerator, a level meter for detecting the accumulated height of the waste in the dried portion is further provided, and the control device is based on the accumulated height of the waste obtained from the level meter. The dust supply device may be controlled so that the amount of deposits of the dust is the optimum amount of deposits.

この構成によれば、ごみの堆積高さから乾燥部におけるごみの堆積量が推定できるため、乾燥部に適切な量のごみを供給することができる。 According to this configuration, the accumulated amount of waste in the dry portion can be estimated from the accumulated height of the waste, so that an appropriate amount of waste can be supplied to the dry portion.

上記のごみ焼却設備において、前記焼却炉は、少なくとも乾燥部を含む領域において下流部分に絞り部を有する空気ガス保有空間が形成されており、前記燃焼部で発生した燃焼ガスは前記絞り部を通過して前記ボイラに向かって流れるよう構成されていてもよい。 In the above waste incinerator, the incinerator has an air gas holding space having a throttle portion in a downstream portion at least in a region including a dry portion, and the combustion gas generated in the combustion portion passes through the throttle portion. It may be configured to flow toward the boiler.

この構成によれば、空気ガス保有空間は火炎がほとんど存在しない空間となる。そのため、空気ガス保有空間が炉内ガスを保有することができる結果、炉内ガスの性状の検出が容易となる。 According to this configuration, the air gas holding space becomes a space in which almost no flame exists. Therefore, as a result of the air gas holding space being able to hold the furnace gas, it becomes easy to detect the properties of the furnace gas.

また、本発明の他の態様に係るごみ焼却設備は、乾燥部で乾燥させたごみを燃焼部で燃焼させる焼却炉と、ごみの燃焼によって発生した熱を利用して蒸気を生成するボイラと、前記乾燥部で発生したガスを含む炉内ガスの性状を検出するガス検出装置と、前記ガス検出装置から取得した炉内ガスの性状に基づいて、前記乾燥部におけるごみの発熱量を算出する制御装置と、を備える。 Further, the waste incineration equipment according to another aspect of the present invention includes an incinerator that burns the waste dried in the drying portion in the combustion portion, and a boiler that generates steam by utilizing the heat generated by the combustion of the waste. Control to calculate the calorific value of waste in the drying section based on the gas detection device that detects the properties of the in-combustion gas including the gas generated in the drying section and the properties of the in-combustion gas acquired from the gas detecting device. It is equipped with a device.

この構成によれば、乾燥部におけるこみの発熱量を算出することができる。そのため、この発熱量に基づいて、ボイラへ適切な入熱を行えるよう焼却炉に適切な量のごみを供給することができ又は適切な量の空気を供給することができる。 According to this configuration, the calorific value of the dust in the dry portion can be calculated. Therefore, based on this calorific value, an appropriate amount of waste can be supplied to the incinerator or an appropriate amount of air can be supplied so that appropriate heat can be input to the boiler.

上記のごみ焼却設備において、前記焼却炉の前記乾燥部にごみを供給する給じん装置と、前記焼却炉内のごみを搬送するストーカと、をさらに備え、前記制御装置は、算出した前記乾燥部におけるごみの発熱量に基づいて、前記給じん装置及び前記ストーカの少なくとも一方を制御するようにしてもよい。 The waste incinerator is further provided with a dust supply device for supplying waste to the drying portion of the incinerator and a stoker for transporting the waste in the incinerator, and the control device is the calculated drying portion. At least one of the dust supply device and the stoker may be controlled based on the calorific value of the waste in the above.

本発明の一態様に係る制御方法は、乾燥部で乾燥させたごみを燃焼部で燃焼させる焼却炉と、ごみの燃焼によって発生した熱を利用して蒸気を生成するボイラと、前記焼却炉の前記乾燥部にごみを供給する給じん装置と、前記乾燥部で発生したガスを含む炉内ガスの性状を検出するガス検出装置と、を備えた、ごみ焼却設備の制御方法であって、前記ガス検出装置から取得した炉内ガスの性状に基づいて、前記乾燥部におけるごみが燃焼したときに所望の熱量が発生する最適堆積量を算出し、前記乾燥部におけるごみの堆積量が前記最適堆積量となるように前記給じん装置を制御する。 The control method according to one aspect of the present invention is an incinerator that burns the waste dried in the drying part in the combustion part, a boiler that generates steam by utilizing the heat generated by the combustion of the waste, and the incinerator. A method for controlling a waste incinerator, comprising a dust supply device for supplying dust to the drying section and a gas detecting device for detecting the properties of the incinerator gas including the gas generated in the drying section. Based on the properties of the incinerator gas obtained from the gas detector, the optimum amount of heat generated when the waste in the dry part burns is calculated, and the amount of waste accumulated in the dry part is the optimum amount of deposit. The dust supply device is controlled so as to have an amount.

また、本発明の他の形態に係る制御方法は、乾燥部で乾燥させたごみを燃焼部で燃焼させる焼却炉と、ごみの燃焼によって発生した熱を利用して蒸気を生成するボイラと、前記乾燥部で発生したガスを含む炉内ガスの性状を検出するガス検出装置と、を備えた、ごみ焼却設備の制御方法であって、前記ガス検出装置から取得した炉内ガスの性状に基づいて、前記乾燥部におけるごみの発熱量を算出することを含む。 Further, the control method according to another embodiment of the present invention includes an incinerator that burns the waste dried in the drying portion in the combustion portion, a boiler that generates steam by utilizing the heat generated by the combustion of the waste, and the above. It is a control method of a waste incinerator equipped with a gas detection device for detecting the properties of the gas in the furnace including the gas generated in the drying part, and is based on the properties of the gas in the furnace acquired from the gas detection device. , Includes calculating the calorific value of the waste in the dried portion.

上記の制御方法において、前記ごみ焼却設備は、前記焼却炉の前記乾燥部にごみを供給する給じん装置と、前記焼却炉内のごみを搬送するストーカと、をさらに備えており、算出した前記乾燥部におけるごみの発熱量に基づいて、前記給じん装置及び前記ストーカの少なくとも一方を制御するようにしてもよい。 In the above control method, the waste incinerator further includes a dust supply device for supplying waste to the drying portion of the incinerator and a stoker for transporting the waste in the incinerator. At least one of the dust supply device and the stoker may be controlled based on the calorific value of the waste in the dry portion.

前述のとおり、上記のごみ焼却設備によれば、ボイラへ安定した入熱が可能である。つまり、発電量を一定に保つ際には入熱量を一定に保つことができ、発電量を変化させる際には入熱量を滑らかに変化させてハンチングの発生を抑えることができる。 As mentioned above, according to the above-mentioned waste incinerator, stable heat can be input to the boiler. That is, when the amount of power generation is kept constant, the amount of heat input can be kept constant, and when the amount of power generation is changed, the amount of heat input can be smoothly changed to suppress the occurrence of hunting.

図１は、ごみ焼却設備の概略構成図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a waste incinerator. 図２は、ごみ焼却設備の制御系のブロック図である。FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a control system of a waste incinerator. 図３は、制御装置による制御のフロー図である。FIG. 3 is a flow chart of control by the control device.

＜ごみ焼却装置の全体構造＞
はじめに、実施形態に係るごみ焼却設備１００の全体構造について説明する。図１は、ごみ焼却設備１００の概略構成図である。図１に示すように、ごみ焼却設備１００は、焼却炉１０と、ボイラ３０と、給じん装置４０と、空気供給装置５０と、制御装置６０と、を備えている。 <Overall structure of waste incinerator>
First, the overall structure of the waste incinerator 100 according to the embodiment will be described. FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a waste incinerator 100. As shown in FIG. 1, the waste incinerator 100 includes an incinerator 10, a boiler 30, a dust supply device 40, an air supply device 50, and a control device 60.

焼却炉１０では、ごみを搬送しながら焼却を行う。焼却炉１０は、上流側から順に、乾燥部１１と、燃焼部１２と、後燃焼部１３と、再燃焼部１４と、を有している。本実施形態の焼却炉１０は、ごみの燃焼によって発生した燃焼ガスとごみが並行して流れる並行流焼却炉である。ただし、焼却炉１０は、燃焼ガスとごみが異なる方向に流れる方式の焼却炉（例えば、中間流焼却炉）であってもよい。 In the incinerator 10, waste is incinerated while being transported. The incinerator 10 has a drying unit 11, a combustion unit 12, a post-combustion unit 13, and a re-combustion unit 14 in this order from the upstream side. The incinerator 10 of the present embodiment is a parallel flow incinerator in which the combustion gas generated by the combustion of the waste and the waste flow in parallel. However, the incinerator 10 may be an incinerator of a type in which the combustion gas and the waste flow in different directions (for example, an intermediate flow incinerator).

乾燥部１１は、焼却炉１０に供給されたごみを乾燥させる部分である。乾燥部１１のごみは、乾燥部１１の底面に設けられた乾燥ストーカ１５の下から供給される一次空気及び隣接する燃焼部１２における燃焼の輻射熱によって乾燥する。その際、熱分解によって乾燥部１１のごみからガスが発生する。また、乾燥部１１のごみは、乾燥部１１の底面に設けられた乾燥ストーカ１５によって燃焼部１２に向かって搬送される。 The drying unit 11 is a portion for drying the waste supplied to the incinerator 10. The dust in the drying unit 11 is dried by the primary air supplied from under the drying stoker 15 provided on the bottom surface of the drying unit 11 and the radiant heat of combustion in the adjacent combustion unit 12. At that time, gas is generated from the dust in the drying portion 11 due to thermal decomposition. Further, the dust in the drying unit 11 is conveyed toward the combustion unit 12 by the drying stoker 15 provided on the bottom surface of the drying unit 11.

乾燥部１１から燃焼部１２にかけての領域には、それらの領域の上部に空気ガス保有空間１６が形成されている。空気ガス保有空間１６は、その下流部分に他の部分よりも流路面積の小さい絞り部１７を有している。この空気ガス保有空間１６では、焼却炉１０に供給された空気、乾燥部１１のごみから発生したガス、及び燃焼部１２の上流側部分のごみから発生したガスを含む炉内ガスを保有する。 In the region from the drying portion 11 to the combustion portion 12, an air gas holding space 16 is formed above the region. The air gas holding space 16 has a throttle portion 17 having a smaller flow path area than the other portions in the downstream portion thereof. The air gas holding space 16 holds the gas in the furnace including the air supplied to the incinerator 10, the gas generated from the dust in the drying unit 11, and the gas generated from the dust in the upstream portion of the combustion unit 12.

また、乾燥部１１には、空気ガス保有空間１６が保有する炉内ガスの性状を検出するガス検出装置１８が設けられている。本実施形態では、ガス検出装置１８を用いて炉内ガス中におけるＨ２Ｏ、ＣＯ２、ＣＯの濃度を検出する。ガス検出装置１８の位置及び数は特に限定されない。例えば、ガス検出装置１８は、焼却炉１０の両側面（紙面手前側及び紙面奥側の面）に設けられていてもよい。その場合、両ガス検出装置１８は互いに異なる高さ位置に設けられていてもよい。さらに、乾燥部１１には、乾燥部１１におけるごみの堆積高さを検出する超音波式のレベル計１９が設けられている。 Further, the drying unit 11 is provided with a gas detection device 18 for detecting the properties of the gas in the furnace possessed by the air gas holding space 16. In the present embodiment, the gas detection device 18 is used to detect the concentrations of H2O , CO2 , and CO in the gas in the furnace. The position and number of the gas detection devices 18 are not particularly limited. For example, the gas detection device 18 may be provided on both side surfaces (front side and back side of the paper surface) of the incinerator 10. In that case, both gas detection devices 18 may be provided at different height positions from each other. Further, the drying unit 11 is provided with an ultrasonic level meter 19 for detecting the height of dust accumulated in the drying unit 11.

燃焼部１２は、乾燥部１１で乾燥したごみを燃焼させる部分である。燃焼部１２では、ごみが燃焼し火炎が発生する。燃焼部１２におけるごみ及び燃焼により発生した灰は、燃焼部１２の底面に設けられた燃焼ストーカ２０によって後燃焼部１３に向かって搬送される。また、燃焼部１２で発生した燃焼ガス及び火炎は、絞り部１７を通過して後燃焼部１３に向かって流れる。なお、燃焼ストーカ２０は、乾燥ストーカ１５と同じ高さ位置に設けられているが、乾燥ストーカ１５よりも低い位置に設けられていてもよい。 The combustion unit 12 is a portion for burning the dried waste in the drying unit 11. In the combustion unit 12, dust is burned and a flame is generated. Garbage in the combustion unit 12 and ash generated by combustion are conveyed toward the post-combustion unit 13 by the combustion stoker 20 provided on the bottom surface of the combustion unit 12. Further, the combustion gas and the flame generated in the combustion unit 12 pass through the throttle unit 17 and flow toward the post-combustion unit 13. The combustion stoker 20 is provided at the same height as the dry stoker 15, but may be provided at a position lower than the dry stoker 15.

後燃焼部１３は、燃焼部１２で燃焼しきれなかったごみ（未燃物）を燃焼させる部分である。前述のとおり、本実施形態では燃焼部１２で発生した燃焼ガスが後燃焼部１３に向かって流れる。後燃焼部１３では、燃焼ガスの輻射熱と一次空気によって、燃焼部１２で燃焼しきれなかった未燃物の燃焼が促進される。その結果、未燃物のほとんどが灰となって、未燃物は減少する。なお、後燃焼部１３で発生した灰は、後燃焼部１３の底面に設けられた後燃焼ストーカ２１によってシュート２２に向かって搬送される。シュート２２に搬送された灰は、ごみ焼却設備１００の外部に排出される。なお、本実施形態の後燃焼ストーカ２１は、燃焼ストーカ２０よりも低い位置に設けられているが、燃焼ストーカ２０と同じ高さ位置に設けられていてもよい。 The post-combustion section 13 is a section for burning garbage (unburned matter) that could not be completely burned by the combustion section 12. As described above, in the present embodiment, the combustion gas generated in the combustion unit 12 flows toward the post-combustion unit 13. In the post-combustion unit 13, the radiant heat of the combustion gas and the primary air promote the combustion of the unburned material that could not be completely burned in the combustion unit 12. As a result, most of the unburned matter becomes ash, and the unburned matter decreases. The ash generated in the post-combustion unit 13 is conveyed toward the chute 22 by the post-combustion stoker 21 provided on the bottom surface of the post-combustion unit 13. The ash conveyed to the chute 22 is discharged to the outside of the waste incinerator 100. Although the post-combustion stoker 21 of the present embodiment is provided at a position lower than that of the combustion stoker 20, it may be provided at the same height as the combustion stoker 20.

再燃焼部１４は、未燃ガスを燃焼させる部分である。再燃焼部１４は、後燃焼部１３から上方に向かって延び、上方に進むにつれて水平方向位置が乾燥部１１に近づくように傾斜している。乾燥部１１、燃焼部１２、及び後燃焼部１３で発生した燃焼ガス及び未燃ガス（以下、これらを合わせて「主流ガス」と称する）は、乾燥部１１、燃焼部１２、及び後燃焼部１３に沿って斜め下に向かって流れ、絞り部１７を通過した後、Ｖ字状に方向転換して再燃焼部１４に流入する。絞り部１７付近では、主流ガスに二次空気が供給される。これにより、主流ガスは空気と混合及び攪拌され、主流ガスに含まれる未燃ガスが再燃焼部１４で燃焼する。 The reburning unit 14 is a unit for burning unburned gas. The re-combustion unit 14 extends upward from the post-combustion unit 13, and is inclined so that the horizontal position approaches the dry unit 11 as the re-combustion unit 14 advances upward. The combustion gas and unburned gas (hereinafter collectively referred to as "mainstream gas") generated in the drying unit 11, the combustion unit 12, and the post-combustion unit 13 are the drying unit 11, the combustion unit 12, and the post-combustion unit. It flows diagonally downward along the 13, passes through the throttle portion 17, then changes its direction in a V shape and flows into the reburning portion 14. In the vicinity of the throttle portion 17, secondary air is supplied to the mainstream gas. As a result, the mainstream gas is mixed and agitated with air, and the unburned gas contained in the mainstream gas is burned in the reburning unit 14.

ボイラ３０は、ごみの燃焼によって発生した熱を利用して蒸気を生成する部分である。ボイラ３０は、流路壁に設けられた多数の水管３１及び過熱器管３２で熱交換を行うことにより蒸気（過熱蒸気）を生成し、生成した蒸気は図外の蒸気タービン発電機に供給されて発電が行われる。安定した発電を行うには、ボイラ３０への入熱を安定させる必要がある。つまり、発電量を一定に保つには入熱量を一定に保つ必要があり、発電量を速やかに変化させるにはハンチングが生じないように入熱量を滑らかに変化させる必要がある。 The boiler 30 is a portion that generates steam by utilizing the heat generated by the combustion of garbage. The boiler 30 generates steam (superheated steam) by exchanging heat with a large number of water pipes 31 and superheater pipes 32 provided on the flow path wall, and the generated steam is supplied to a steam turbine generator (not shown). Power is generated. In order to generate stable power, it is necessary to stabilize the heat input to the boiler 30. That is, in order to keep the amount of power generation constant, it is necessary to keep the amount of heat input constant, and in order to change the amount of power generation quickly, it is necessary to smoothly change the amount of heat input so that hunting does not occur.

給じん装置４０は、ごみ投入ホッパ４１に投入されたごみを焼却炉１０の乾燥部１１に供給する装置である。給じん装置４０は、ごみ投入ホッパ４１の底部分に位置し、水平方向に移動する給じん装置本体４２を有している。この給じん装置本体４２の移動速度、単位時間あたりの移動回数、移動量（ストローク）、及びストローク端の位置（移動範囲）を制御することにより、乾燥部１１に供給するごみの供給量を調整することができる。 The dust supply device 40 is a device that supplies the dust charged into the waste charging hopper 41 to the drying unit 11 of the incinerator 10. The dust supply device 40 is located at the bottom of the dust input hopper 41 and has a dust supply device main body 42 that moves in the horizontal direction. By controlling the movement speed of the dust supply device main body 42, the number of movements per unit time, the movement amount (stroke), and the position of the stroke end (movement range), the supply amount of dust supplied to the drying unit 11 is adjusted. can do.

空気供給装置５０は、焼却炉１０に空気を供給する装置である。本実施形態の空気供給装置５０は、一次空気供給部５１と、二次空気供給部５２と、排ガス供給部５３と、を有している。 The air supply device 50 is a device that supplies air to the incinerator 10. The air supply device 50 of the present embodiment includes a primary air supply unit 51, a secondary air supply unit 52, and an exhaust gas supply unit 53.

一次空気供給部５１は、乾燥ストーカ１５に形成された隙間を介して乾燥部１１に一次空気を供給し、燃焼ストーカ２０に形成された隙間を介して燃焼部１２の上流側部分及び下流側部分のそれぞれに一次空気を供給し、後燃焼ストーカ２１に形成された隙間を介して後燃焼部１３に一次空気を供給する。また、一次空気供給部５１は、各部への一次空気の供給量を調整することができる。なお、一次空気供給部５１にヒータ及び空冷壁を設け、各部に供給する一次空気の温度を調整できるようにしてもよい。 The primary air supply unit 51 supplies the primary air to the drying unit 11 through the gap formed in the drying stoker 15, and the upstream portion and the downstream side portion of the combustion unit 12 through the gap formed in the combustion stoker 20. The primary air is supplied to each of the above, and the primary air is supplied to the post-combustion unit 13 through the gap formed in the post-combustion stoker 21. Further, the primary air supply unit 51 can adjust the amount of primary air supplied to each unit. A heater and an air cooling wall may be provided in the primary air supply unit 51 so that the temperature of the primary air supplied to each unit can be adjusted.

二次空気供給部５２は、焼却炉１０の空気ガス保有空間１６にその上部（天井部）から二次空気を供給するとともに、絞り部１７から主流ガスが方向転換する部分に二次空気を供給する。また、二次空気供給部５２は、各部への二次空気の供給量を調整することができる。 The secondary air supply unit 52 supplies the secondary air to the air gas holding space 16 of the incinerator 10 from the upper part (ceiling portion), and also supplies the secondary air from the throttle portion 17 to the portion where the mainstream gas changes direction. do. Further, the secondary air supply unit 52 can adjust the amount of secondary air supplied to each unit.

排ガス供給部５３は、ごみ焼却設備１００から排出された排ガスを焼却炉１０に供給する（再循環させる）。ごみ焼却設備１００から排出された排ガスはろ過式集じん器で浄化され、その一部が排ガス供給部５３によって燃焼部１２の両側面（紙面手前側及び紙面奥側の面）から焼却炉１０へ供給される。なお、排ガスが供給される位置は、特に限定されない。例えば、排ガスは焼却炉１０の上方（天井部）から供給されてもよく、一方の側面のみから供給されてもよい。排ガスを焼却炉１０に供給することで、焼却炉１０内の酸素濃度が低下し、燃焼温度の局所的な過上昇を抑えることができる。その結果、ＮＯｘの発生を抑えることができる。 The exhaust gas supply unit 53 supplies (recirculates) the exhaust gas discharged from the waste incinerator 100 to the incinerator 10. The exhaust gas discharged from the waste incinerator 100 is purified by a filtration type dust collector, and a part of the exhaust gas is purified by the exhaust gas supply unit 53 from both side surfaces (front side and back side of the paper surface) of the combustion unit 12 to the incinerator 10. Will be supplied. The position where the exhaust gas is supplied is not particularly limited. For example, the exhaust gas may be supplied from above (ceiling portion) of the incinerator 10 or may be supplied from only one side surface. By supplying the exhaust gas to the incinerator 10, the oxygen concentration in the incinerator 10 is lowered, and the local excessive rise in the combustion temperature can be suppressed. As a result, the generation of NOx can be suppressed.

制御装置６０は、ＣＰＵ、ＲＡＭ、ＲＯＭ等によって構成されており、種々の演算を行うとともに、ごみ焼却設備１００全体を制御する。図２は、ごみ焼却設備１００の制御系のブロック図である。制御装置６０は、ガス検出装置１８及びレベル計１９と電気的に接続されている。制御装置６０は、これらの機器から送信される測定信号に基づいて、炉内ガスの性状及び乾燥部１１におけるごみの堆積高さを取得する。また、制御装置６０は、給じん装置４０及び空気供給装置５０と電気的に接続されている。制御装置６０は、給じん装置４０及び空気供給装置５０に制御信号を送信し、各装置を制御する。 The control device 60 is composed of a CPU, RAM, ROM, etc., performs various calculations, and controls the entire waste incinerator 100. FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the control system of the waste incinerator 100. The control device 60 is electrically connected to the gas detection device 18 and the level meter 19. The control device 60 acquires the properties of the gas in the furnace and the height of dust accumulation in the drying portion 11 based on the measurement signals transmitted from these devices. Further, the control device 60 is electrically connected to the dust supply device 40 and the air supply device 50. The control device 60 transmits a control signal to the dust supply device 40 and the air supply device 50 to control each device.

＜制御内容＞
次に、制御装置６０による制御内容について説明する。図３は、制御装置６０による制御のフロー図である。 <Control content>
Next, the contents of control by the control device 60 will be described. FIG. 3 is a flow chart of control by the control device 60.

図３に示すように、制御が開始されると、制御装置６０は、ガス検出装置１８から乾燥部１１で発生したガスを含む炉内ガス（空気ガス保有空間１６が保有するガス）の性状（Ｈ２Ｏ、ＣＯ２、ＣＯの濃度）を取得する（ステップＳ１）。 As shown in FIG. 3, when the control is started, the control device 60 determines the properties (gas possessed by the air gas holding space 16) in the furnace including the gas generated in the drying unit 11 from the gas detecting device 18. H 2 O, CO 2 , CO concentration) is acquired (step S1).

続いて、制御装置６０は、取得した炉内ガスの性状に基づいて、乾燥部１１におけるごみの発熱量を算出する（ステップＳ２）。ここで、ガスの性状とごみの発熱量の関係について説明する。ごみの発熱量は、そのごみに含まれるＣ（炭素）、Ｈ（水素）、及びＯ（酸素）の量によってほぼ決まる。また、ごみが燃焼すると、ごみに含まれるＣ、Ｈ、Ｏは互いに結合して、ＣＯ、ＣＯ２、Ｈ２Ｏになる。そして、焼却炉１０の乾燥部１１において、ごみが乾燥することによっても熱分解によってＣＯ、ＣＯ２、Ｈ２Ｏが発生する。そのため、炉内ガスに含まれるＣＯ、ＣＯ２、Ｈ２Ｏのうち少なくとも２種類の成分を測定し、これを蓄積したデータを用いれば、ごみの発熱量を算出することができる。 Subsequently, the control device 60 calculates the calorific value of the waste in the drying unit 11 based on the acquired properties of the in-firer gas (step S2). Here, the relationship between the properties of gas and the calorific value of waste will be described. The calorific value of waste is largely determined by the amount of C (carbon), H (hydrogen), and O (oxygen) contained in the waste. Further, when the garbage is burned, C, H, and O contained in the garbage are combined with each other to become CO, CO 2 , and H 2 O. Then, in the drying section 11 of the incinerator 10, CO, CO 2 , and H 2 O are generated by thermal decomposition even when the waste is dried. Therefore, the calorific value of waste can be calculated by measuring at least two kinds of components of CO, CO 2 and H 2 O contained in the gas in the furnace and using the accumulated data.

また、ＣＯ／ＣＯ２を指標として、ごみの発熱量を算出してもよい。ごみに含まれるＣの量が多いと、乾燥部１１ではＣＯ２に対するＣＯの割合が大きくなる傾向にある。これは、乾燥部１１においてはＣがＯと十分に結合する段階ではないからである。また、ごみに含まれるＣの量が多いと発熱量は大きくなる。そのため、ＣＯ／ＣＯ２を指標として、ごみの発熱量を算出することができる。 Further, the calorific value of waste may be calculated using CO / CO 2 as an index. When the amount of C contained in the waste is large, the ratio of CO to CO 2 tends to be large in the dried portion 11. This is because in the dried portion 11, C is not at a stage of sufficiently binding to O. Further, if the amount of C contained in the waste is large, the calorific value becomes large. Therefore, the calorific value of waste can be calculated using CO / CO 2 as an index.

本実施形態では、制御装置６０には、炉内ガスにおけるＨ２Ｏ、ＣＯ２、ＣＯの濃度と乾燥部１１におけるごみの発熱量との関係を示したマップデータが保存されている。そのため、制御装置６０は、ステップＳ１で取得した炉内ガスの性状及び上記のマップデータに基づいて、乾燥部１１におけるごみの発熱量を算出することができる。 In the present embodiment, the control device 60 stores map data showing the relationship between the concentrations of H2O , CO2 , and CO in the gas in the furnace and the calorific value of the waste in the drying unit 11. Therefore, the control device 60 can calculate the calorific value of the waste in the drying unit 11 based on the properties of the gas in the furnace acquired in step S1 and the above map data.

なお、炉内ガスには、空気供給装置５０から供給された空気も含まれる。制御装置６０は、空気供給装置５０から供給された空気中のＨ２Ｏ、ＣＯ２、ＣＯの量は把握できるため、これを考慮して乾燥部１１におけるごみの発熱量を算出すれば、より正確な値を得ることができる。 The gas in the furnace also includes air supplied from the air supply device 50. Since the control device 60 can grasp the amounts of H2O , CO2 , and CO in the air supplied from the air supply device 50, it is possible to calculate the calorific value of the waste in the drying unit 11 in consideration of this. Accurate values can be obtained.

続いて、制御装置６０は、目標入熱量を設定する（ステップＳ３）。制御装置６０は入力された値（焼却炉１０へのごみ投入量もしくは発生させたいボイラ発熱量目標値）から目標入熱量を設定してもよく、所定の演算によって算出した値を目標入熱量に設定してもよい。例えば、ボイラ３０への入熱量を一定に保つ場合には目標入熱量は一定のままとし、ボイラ３０への入熱量を変更する場合には順次目標入熱量を変化させてゆく。 Subsequently, the control device 60 sets the target heat input amount (step S3). The control device 60 may set the target heat input amount from the input value (the amount of waste input to the incinerator 10 or the target value of the boiler calorific value to be generated), and the value calculated by a predetermined calculation is used as the target heat input amount. It may be set. For example, when the amount of heat input to the boiler 30 is kept constant, the target amount of heat input is kept constant, and when the amount of heat input to the boiler 30 is changed, the target amount of heat input is sequentially changed.

続いて、制御装置６０は、乾燥部１１におけるごみが燃焼したときに発生する熱量が目標入熱量となる最適堆積量及び最適空気供給量を算出する（ステップＳ４）。ごみが完全燃焼したときに発生する熱量は、そのごみの発熱量と重量の積で表すことができる。そのため、乾燥部１１におけるごみが燃焼したときに発生する熱量が目標入熱量となる最適堆積量は、ステップＳ２で算出したごみの発熱量とステップＳ３で設定した目標入熱量に基づいて算出することができる。 Subsequently, the control device 60 calculates the optimum deposit amount and the optimum air supply amount in which the amount of heat generated when the dust in the drying unit 11 is burned is the target heat input amount (step S4). The amount of heat generated when the waste is completely burned can be expressed as the product of the calorific value of the waste and the weight. Therefore, the optimum deposit amount in which the amount of heat generated when the waste in the drying portion 11 is burned is the target heat input amount is calculated based on the heat generation amount of the waste calculated in step S2 and the target heat input amount set in step S3. Can be done.

ただし、ごみの燃焼状態は、焼却炉１０への空気供給量によって左右されるため、最適空気供給量も算出する。なお、最適空気供給量は、一次空気、二次空気、排ガスのそれぞれについて算出してもよく、空気の供給位置ごとに算出してもよい。例えば、炉内ガスにおけるＨ２Ｏの濃度が高い場合には、湿ったごみを速やかに乾燥させるために一次空気の最適空気量が多くなるよう算出されるようにしてもよい。 However, since the combustion state of waste depends on the amount of air supplied to the incinerator 10, the optimum amount of air supplied is also calculated. The optimum air supply amount may be calculated for each of the primary air, the secondary air, and the exhaust gas, or may be calculated for each air supply position. For example, when the concentration of H2O in the gas in the furnace is high, it may be calculated so that the optimum amount of primary air is increased in order to quickly dry the moist dust.

続いて、制御装置６０は、レベル計１９から乾燥部１１におけるごみの堆積高さを取得する（ステップＳ５）。 Subsequently, the control device 60 acquires the height of dust accumulation in the drying unit 11 from the level meter 19 (step S5).

続いて、制御装置６０は、ステップＳ５で取得したごみの堆積高さに基づいて、乾燥部１１におけるごみの堆積量を算出する（ステップＳ６）。ごみの比重は一定ではないが、ごみの発熱量とごみの比重に相関があるため、ステップＳ２で算出したごみの発熱量に基づいてごみの比重は算出することができる。このごみの比重に基づけば、乾燥部１１におけるごみの堆積量（重量）を算出することができる。 Subsequently, the control device 60 calculates the amount of dust accumulated in the drying unit 11 based on the accumulated height of the dust acquired in step S5 (step S6). Although the specific gravity of the waste is not constant, the specific gravity of the waste can be calculated based on the calorific value of the waste calculated in step S2 because there is a correlation between the calorific value of the waste and the specific weight of the waste. Based on the specific gravity of this waste, the accumulated amount (weight) of the waste in the dry portion 11 can be calculated.

続いて、制御装置６０は、給じん装置４０及び空気供給装置５０を制御する（ステップＳ７）。具体的には、制御装置６０は、ステップＳ４で算出した最適堆積量とステップＳ６で算出した乾燥部１１におけるごみの堆積重量との差を算出し、その差がゼロとなるように又は少なくなるように、給じん装置４０を制御して乾燥部１１にごみを追加供給する。また、制御装置６０は、焼却炉１０への空気の供給量がステップＳ４で算出した最適空気供給量となるように空気供給装置５０を制御する。 Subsequently, the control device 60 controls the dust supply device 40 and the air supply device 50 (step S7). Specifically, the control device 60 calculates the difference between the optimum accumulated amount calculated in step S4 and the accumulated weight of the waste in the drying portion 11 calculated in step S6, and the difference becomes zero or becomes small. As described above, the dust supply device 40 is controlled to additionally supply dust to the drying unit 11. Further, the control device 60 controls the air supply device 50 so that the supply amount of air to the incinerator 10 becomes the optimum air supply amount calculated in step S4.

以上のとおり、本実施形態では、燃焼前のごみである乾燥部１１におけるごみから発生するガスの性状に基づいて、そのごみが燃焼したときの入熱量が適切な値となるように、乾燥部１１におけるごみの堆積量及び焼却炉１０への空気供給量を調整している。つまり、本実施形態では、フィードフォワード制御を行っている。そのため、焼却炉１０に供給されるごみの内容が刻々と変化しても、ボイラ３０への安定した入熱が可能である。 As described above, in the present embodiment, the drying unit is such that the amount of heat input when the waste is burned becomes an appropriate value based on the properties of the gas generated from the waste in the drying unit 11 which is the waste before combustion. The amount of waste accumulated in No. 11 and the amount of air supplied to the incinerator 10 are adjusted. That is, in this embodiment, feedforward control is performed. Therefore, even if the content of the waste supplied to the incinerator 10 changes from moment to moment, stable heat input to the boiler 30 is possible.

なお、上記のステップＳ７を経た後はステップＳ１に戻って、ステップＳ１からＳ７を繰り返す。つまり、本実施形態では給じん装置４０の駆動と最適堆積量の算出が同期して行われる。これにより、ごみが乾燥部１１に供給されるたびに最適堆積量が算出されるため、ごみが乾燥部１１に供給されることにより状況が変化しても、その変化に応じて最適堆積量が再度算出され、最適堆積量の算出を精度よく行うことができる。 After passing through the above step S7, the process returns to step S1 and repeats steps S1 to S7. That is, in the present embodiment, the driving of the dust supply device 40 and the calculation of the optimum deposit amount are performed in synchronization. As a result, the optimum deposit amount is calculated each time the waste is supplied to the drying portion 11, so that even if the situation changes due to the waste being supplied to the drying portion 11, the optimum deposit amount is calculated according to the change. It is calculated again, and the optimum deposit amount can be calculated accurately.

なお、上記の実施形態では、炉内ガスの性状及びマップデータに基づいて乾燥部１１におけるごみの発熱量を算出している。この発熱量は決まった単位を用いて表すことができる絶対値である。ただし、発熱量の相対的な増減を用いて最適堆積量及び最適空気供給量を算出してもよい。例えば、燃焼によって目標入熱量が得られたごみ（以下、「目標ごみ」と称する）の発熱量及び乾燥部１１に位置していたときの堆積量（それぞれ、「目標発熱量」及び「目標堆積量」と称する）を記憶しておき、炉内ガスの性状に基づいて目標発熱量に対する相対的な発熱量を算出し、算出した相対的な発熱量と目標堆積量とに基づいて最適堆積量及び最適空気供給量を算出するようにしてもよい。 In the above embodiment, the calorific value of the waste in the drying unit 11 is calculated based on the properties of the gas in the furnace and the map data. This calorific value is an absolute value that can be expressed using a fixed unit. However, the optimum deposit amount and the optimum air supply amount may be calculated by using the relative increase / decrease in the calorific value. For example, the calorific value of the waste whose target heat input amount is obtained by combustion (hereinafter referred to as “target waste”) and the accumulated amount when it is located in the drying portion 11 (“target calorific value” and “target deposition, respectively”). (Called "amount") is stored, the calorific value relative to the target calorific value is calculated based on the properties of the gas in the furnace, and the optimum deposition amount is calculated based on the calculated relative calorific value and the target deposition amount. And the optimum air supply amount may be calculated.

また、発熱量を求めることなく、最適堆積量及び最適空気供給量を算出してもよい。例えば、基準ごみが乾燥部１１に位置していたときの炉内ガスの性状（以下、「基準性状」と称する）及び前述の目標堆積量を記憶しておき、取得した炉内ガスの性状と記憶した基準性状を対比し、対比した結果と目標堆積量に基づいて最適堆積量及び最適空気供給量を算出してもよい。 Further, the optimum deposit amount and the optimum air supply amount may be calculated without obtaining the calorific value. For example, the properties of the in-firer gas when the reference waste was located in the drying portion 11 (hereinafter referred to as "reference properties") and the above-mentioned target deposit amount are stored, and the acquired properties of the in-firer gas are used. The optimum deposit amount and the optimum air supply amount may be calculated based on the comparison result and the target deposit amount by comparing the stored reference properties.

さらに、ステップＳ２において算出した発熱量を一定時間間隔もしくは給じん装置４０が作動するタイミングで記憶し、１つ前のタイミングで算出した発熱量に対する新たにステップＳ２で算出した発熱量の相対値を用いて最適堆積量及び最適空気供給量を算出してもよい。 Further, the calorific value calculated in step S2 is stored at regular time intervals or at the timing when the dust supply device 40 is operated, and the relative value of the calorific value newly calculated in step S2 to the calorific value calculated at the previous timing is stored. It may be used to calculate the optimum deposition amount and the optimum air supply amount.

また、本実施形態の焼却炉１０は前述のとおり並行流焼却炉であって、乾燥部１１を含む領域において絞り部１７を有する空気ガス保有空間１６が形成されており、燃焼部１２で発生した燃焼ガスは絞り部１７を通過してボイラ３０に向かって流れるよう構成されている。そのため、空気ガス保有空間１６は火炎がほとんど存在しない空間となり、その空間に炉内ガスを保有することができる。その結果、炉内ガスの性状の検出を容易に行うことができる。 Further, the incinerator 10 of the present embodiment is a parallel flow incinerator as described above, and an air gas holding space 16 having a drawing portion 17 is formed in a region including a drying portion 11, and the incinerator 10 is generated in the combustion portion 12. The combustion gas is configured to pass through the throttle portion 17 and flow toward the boiler 30. Therefore, the air gas holding space 16 becomes a space in which almost no flame exists, and the gas in the furnace can be held in the space. As a result, the properties of the gas in the furnace can be easily detected.

なお、以上では、焼却炉１０が並行流焼却炉である場合について説明したが、焼却炉１０が中間流焼却炉であってもよい。中間流焼却炉は一般的に空気ガス保有空間１６が形成されていないが、中間流焼却炉であっても乾燥部１１で発生したガスを含む炉内ガスの性状を検出することができれば、検出した炉内ガスの性状に基づいてボイラ３０への安定した入熱を行うことが可能である。 Although the case where the incinerator 10 is a parallel flow incinerator has been described above, the incinerator 10 may be an intermediate flow incinerator. Generally, the air gas holding space 16 is not formed in the intermediate flow incinerator, but even in the intermediate flow incinerator, if the properties of the gas in the furnace including the gas generated in the drying portion 11 can be detected, it is detected. It is possible to stably heat the boiler 30 based on the properties of the gas in the furnace.

また、以上では、乾燥部１１におけるごみの発熱量に基づいて給じん装置４０及び空気供給装置５０を制御する場合について説明したが、乾燥部１１におけるごみの発熱量に基づいて乾燥ストーカ１５、燃焼ストーカ２０、及び後燃焼ストーカ２１の全部又は一部を制御してもよい。ごみは空気と接触することで熱量にかわる。ボイラ３０への入熱量を増加させたい場合には、ごみが空気と接触する機会を増やして燃焼を活発にする。具体的には、各ストーカ１５、２０、２１の単位時間当たりの稼働回数を増やすことで、ごみと空気が接触する回数を増やす。または、各ストーカ１５、２０、２１の作動速度を大きくすることで、各ストーカ１５、２０、２１に載っているごみを崩し、ごみの空気と接触する面積を増加させる。一方、ボイラ３０への入熱量を抑制したい場合には、各ストーカ１５、２０、２１の単位時間当たりの稼働回数を減らし、又は、動作速度を小さくすればよい。 Further, in the above, the case where the dust supply device 40 and the air supply device 50 are controlled based on the calorific value of the waste in the drying unit 11 has been described, but the drying stoker 15 and the combustion are based on the calorific value of the waste in the drying unit 11. All or part of the stoker 20 and the post-combustion stoker 21 may be controlled. Garbage changes to heat when it comes in contact with air. When it is desired to increase the amount of heat input to the boiler 30, the chance of the dust coming into contact with the air is increased to activate the combustion. Specifically, by increasing the number of operations of each of the stokers 15, 20, and 21 per unit time, the number of times that dust and air come into contact with each other is increased. Alternatively, by increasing the operating speed of each of the stokers 15, 20 and 21, the dust on the stokers 15, 20 and 21 is destroyed and the area of contact with the air of the dust is increased. On the other hand, when it is desired to suppress the amount of heat input to the boiler 30, the number of operations of each of the stokers 15, 20 and 21 per unit time may be reduced or the operation speed may be reduced.

また、以上では、炉内ガスの性状のみに基づいて、乾燥部１１におけるごみの発熱量を算出し、最適堆積量及び最適空気供給量を算出する場合について説明したが、炉内ガスの性状と他の要素に基づいて、各量を算出してもよい。例えば、炉内ガスの性状に基づいて算出した乾燥部１１におけるごみの発熱量と、ボイラ３０で生成された蒸気の流量に基づいて算出したごみの発熱量とに基づいて、最適堆積量及び最適空気供給量を算出してもよい。この場合、炉内ガスの性状に基づいて算出した乾燥部１１におけるごみの発熱量は、主として用いられてもよく、補正的に用いられてもよい。 Further, in the above, the case where the calorific value of the waste in the drying portion 11 is calculated based only on the properties of the gas in the furnace and the optimum deposition amount and the optimum air supply amount are calculated has been described. Each quantity may be calculated based on other factors. For example, the optimum deposition amount and the optimum amount of waste are calculated based on the calorific value of the waste in the drying unit 11 calculated based on the properties of the gas in the furnace and the calorific value of the waste calculated based on the flow rate of the steam generated in the boiler 30. The air supply amount may be calculated. In this case, the calorific value of the waste in the drying unit 11 calculated based on the properties of the gas in the furnace may be mainly used or may be used as a correction.

１０ 焼却炉
１１ 乾燥部
１２ 燃焼部
１５ 乾燥ストーカ
１６ 空気ガス保有空間
１７ 絞り部
１８ ガス検出装置
１９ レベル計
２０ 燃焼ストーカ
２１ 後燃焼ストーカ
３０ ボイラ
４０ 給じん装置
５０ 空気供給装置
６０ 制御装置
１００ ごみ焼却設備 10 Incinerator 11 Drying part 12 Combustion part 15 Drying stoker 16 Air gas holding space 17 Squeezing part 18 Gas detector 19 Level meter 20 Combustion stoker 21 Post-combustion stoker 30 Boiler 40 Dust supply device 50 Air supply device 60 Control device 100 Garbage incinerator Facility

Claims (8)

乾燥部で乾燥させたごみを燃焼部で燃焼させる焼却炉と、
ごみの燃焼によって発生した熱を利用して蒸気を生成するボイラと、
前記焼却炉の前記乾燥部にごみを供給する給じん装置と、
前記乾燥部に堆積する燃焼前のごみから発生したガスを含む炉内ガスの性状を前記乾燥部で検出するガス検出装置と、
前記ガス検出装置から取得した炉内ガスの性状に基づいて、前記乾燥部における単位重量あたりの燃焼前のごみが完全燃焼したときに発生する熱量である発熱量を当該ごみの燃焼前に算出し、算出した発熱量に基づいて前記乾燥部におけるごみが燃焼したときに所望の熱量が発生する最適堆積量を算出し、前記乾燥部におけるごみの堆積量が前記最適堆積量となるように前記給じん装置を制御する制御装置と、を備え、
前記炉内ガスの性状には、前記炉内ガス中におけるＨ ２ Ｏ、ＣＯ ２ 、及び、ＣＯのうち少なくとも２種類の濃度が含まれる、ごみ焼却設備。 An incinerator that burns garbage dried in the drying section in the burning section,
A boiler that uses the heat generated by the combustion of garbage to generate steam,
A dust supply device that supplies waste to the drying part of the incinerator, and
A gas detection device that detects the properties of the gas in the furnace, including the gas generated from the pre-combustion waste that accumulates in the dry part, in the dry part .
Based on the properties of the in-combustion gas obtained from the gas detector, the calorific value, which is the amount of heat generated when the pre-combustion waste per unit weight in the dry portion is completely burned, is calculated before the combustion of the waste. Based on the calculated calorific value, the optimum amount of heat generated when the waste in the dry part is burned is calculated, and the amount of waste deposited in the dry part is the optimum amount of deposit. Equipped with a control device that controls the dust device ,
A waste incinerator in which the properties of the incinerator gas include at least two concentrations of H2O, CO2, and CO in the incinerator gas . 前記焼却炉に空気を供給する空気供給装置をさらに備え、
前記制御装置は、前記ガス検出装置から取得した炉内ガスの性状に基づいて、前記乾燥部におけるごみが燃焼したときに所望の熱量が発生する最適空気供給量を算出し、前記焼却炉への空気供給量が前記最適空気供給量となるように前記空気供給装置を制御する、請求項１に記載のごみ焼却設備。 Further equipped with an air supply device for supplying air to the incinerator,
The control device calculates the optimum air supply amount for generating a desired amount of heat when the dust in the drying portion burns based on the properties of the in-furnace gas acquired from the gas detection device, and calculates the optimum air supply amount to the incinerator. The waste incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the air supply device is controlled so that the air supply amount becomes the optimum air supply amount. 前記制御装置は前記給じん装置の駆動に同期して前記最適堆積量を算出する、請求項１又は２に記載のごみ焼却設備。 The waste incinerator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the control device calculates the optimum deposit amount in synchronization with the drive of the dust supply device. 前記乾燥部におけるごみの堆積高さを検出するレベル計をさらに備え、
前記制御装置は、前記レベル計から取得したごみの堆積高さに基づいて、前記乾燥部におけるごみの堆積量が前記最適堆積量となるように前記給じん装置を制御する、請求項１乃至３のうちいずれか一の項に記載のごみ焼却設備。 Further equipped with a level meter for detecting the accumulated height of dust in the dry portion,
The control device controls the dust feeding device so that the accumulated amount of dust in the dried portion becomes the optimum accumulated amount based on the accumulated height of the dust obtained from the level meter. The waste incinerator described in any one of the items. 前記焼却炉は、少なくとも乾燥部を含む領域において下流部分に他の部分よりも流路面積の小さい絞り部を有する空気ガス保有空間が形成されており、前記燃焼部で発生した燃焼ガスは前記絞り部を通過して前記ボイラに向かって流れるよう構成されている、請求項１乃至４のうちいずれか一の項に記載のごみ焼却設備。 In the incinerator, an air gas holding space having a throttle portion having a flow path area smaller than that of other portions is formed in a downstream portion at least in a region including a dry portion, and the combustion gas generated in the combustion portion is the throttle. The waste incinerator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is configured to pass through a section and flow toward the boiler. 乾燥部で乾燥させたごみを燃焼部で燃焼させる焼却炉と、
ごみの燃焼によって発生した熱を利用して蒸気を生成するボイラと、
前記乾燥部に堆積する燃焼前のごみから発生したガスを含む炉内ガスの性状を前記乾燥部で検出するガス検出装置と、
前記焼却炉の前記乾燥部にごみを供給する給じん装置と、
前記焼却炉内のごみを搬送するストーカと、
前記ガス検出装置から取得した炉内ガスの性状に基づいて、前記乾燥部における単位重量あたりの燃焼前のごみが完全燃焼したときに発生する熱量である発熱量を当該ごみの燃焼前に算出し、算出した前記乾燥部におけるごみの発熱量に基づいて、前記給じん装置及び前記ストーカの少なくとも一方を制御する制御装置と、を備え、
前記炉内ガスの性状には、前記炉内ガス中におけるＨ ２ Ｏ、ＣＯ ２ 、及び、ＣＯのうち少なくとも２種類の濃度が含まれる、ごみ焼却設備。 An incinerator that burns garbage dried in the drying section in the burning section,
A boiler that uses the heat generated by the combustion of garbage to generate steam,
A gas detection device that detects the properties of the gas in the furnace, including the gas generated from the pre-combustion waste that accumulates in the dry part, in the dry part .
A dust supply device that supplies waste to the drying part of the incinerator, and
The stoker that transports the garbage in the incinerator and
Based on the properties of the in-combustion gas obtained from the gas detector, the calorific value, which is the amount of heat generated when the pre-combustion waste per unit weight in the dry portion is completely burned, is calculated before the combustion of the waste. A control device for controlling at least one of the dust supply device and the stoker based on the calculated calorific value of the waste in the dry portion .
A waste incinerator in which the properties of the incinerator gas include at least two concentrations of H2O, CO2, and CO in the incinerator gas . 乾燥部で乾燥させたごみを燃焼部で燃焼させる焼却炉と、ごみの燃焼によって発生した熱を利用して蒸気を生成するボイラと、前記焼却炉の前記乾燥部にごみを供給する給じん装置と、前記乾燥部に堆積する燃焼前のごみから発生したガスを含む炉内ガスの性状を前記乾燥部で検出するガス検出装置と、を備えた、ごみ焼却設備の制御方法であって、
前記ガス検出装置から取得した炉内ガスの性状に基づいて、前記乾燥部における単位重量あたりの燃焼前のごみが完全燃焼したときに発生する熱量である発熱量を当該ごみの燃焼前に算出し、算出した発熱量に基づいて前記乾燥部におけるごみが燃焼したときに所望の熱量が発生する最適堆積量を算出し、前記乾燥部におけるごみの堆積量が前記最適堆積量となるように前記給じん装置を制御し、
前記炉内ガスの性状には、前記炉内ガス中におけるＨ ２ Ｏ、ＣＯ ２ 、及び、ＣＯのうち少なくとも２種類の濃度が含まれる、制御方法。 An incinerator that burns garbage dried in the drying section in the combustion section, a boiler that generates steam using the heat generated by the combustion of the garbage, and a dust supply device that supplies the garbage to the drying section of the incinerator. A method for controlling a waste incinerator, which comprises a gas detection device for detecting the properties of incinerator gas including gas generated from pre-combustion waste accumulated in the dry portion in the dry portion.
Based on the properties of the in-combustion gas obtained from the gas detector, the calorific value, which is the amount of heat generated when the pre-combustion waste per unit weight in the dry portion is completely burned, is calculated before the combustion of the waste. Based on the calculated calorific value, the optimum amount of heat generated when the waste in the dry part is burned is calculated, and the amount of waste deposited in the dry part is the optimum amount of deposit. Control the dust device,
A control method , wherein the properties of the gas in the furnace include concentrations of at least two of H2O, CO2, and CO in the gas in the furnace. 乾燥部で乾燥させたごみを燃焼部で燃焼させる焼却炉と、ごみの燃焼によって発生した熱を利用して蒸気を生成するボイラと、前記乾燥部に堆積する燃焼前のごみから発生したガスを含む炉内ガスの性状を前記乾燥部で検出するガス検出装置と、前記焼却炉の前記乾燥部にごみを供給する給じん装置と、前記焼却炉内のごみを搬送するストーカと、を備えた、ごみ焼却設備の制御方法であって、
前記ガス検出装置から取得した炉内ガスの性状に基づいて、前記乾燥部における単位重量あたりの燃焼前のごみが完全燃焼したときに発生する熱量である発熱量を当該ごみの燃焼前に算出し、算出した前記乾燥部におけるごみの発熱量に基づいて、前記給じん装置及び前記ストーカの少なくとも一方を制御することを含み、
前記炉内ガスの性状には、前記炉内ガス中におけるＨ ２ Ｏ、ＣＯ ２ 、及び、ＣＯのうち少なくとも２種類の濃度が含まれる、制御方法。 An incinerator that burns the waste dried in the dry part in the combustion part, a boiler that uses the heat generated by the combustion of the waste to generate steam, and the gas generated from the pre-combustion waste that accumulates in the dry part. It is provided with a gas detection device for detecting the properties of the contained gas in the furnace in the drying section, a dust supply device for supplying dust to the drying section of the incinerator, and a stoker for transporting the dust in the incinerator . , It is a control method of waste incineration equipment,
Based on the properties of the gas in the furnace obtained from the gas detector, the calorific value, which is the amount of heat generated when the pre-combustion waste per unit weight in the dry portion is completely burned, is calculated before the combustion of the waste. , Including controlling at least one of the dust feeder and the stoker based on the calculated calorific value of the waste in the dry portion.
A control method , wherein the properties of the gas in the furnace include concentrations of at least two of H2O, CO2, and CO in the gas in the furnace.
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