JP6779255B2 - Waste incinerator - Google Patents
Waste incinerator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6779255B2 JP6779255B2 JP2018101737A JP2018101737A JP6779255B2 JP 6779255 B2 JP6779255 B2 JP 6779255B2 JP 2018101737 A JP2018101737 A JP 2018101737A JP 2018101737 A JP2018101737 A JP 2018101737A JP 6779255 B2 JP6779255 B2 JP 6779255B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- sludge
- waste
- combustion
- stoker
- supply device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Landscapes
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Description
本発明は、廃棄物焼却炉に係り、特に、下水汚泥をごみに混ぜて燃焼させるのに適した廃棄物焼却炉に関する。 The present invention relates to a waste incinerator, and more particularly to a waste incinerator suitable for mixing sewage sludge with waste and burning it.
近年、ごみ処理施設のニーズの多様化により、廃棄物焼却炉で下水汚泥をごみと混燃して焼却処理するニーズが増えつつあり、焼却炉のごみシュート部或いは燃焼室に下水汚泥を供給し、ごみに汚泥を混ぜて焼却炉内で焼却処理するごみ焼却炉が知られている（例えば、特許文献１〜３等）。 In recent years, due to the diversification of the needs of waste treatment facilities, there is an increasing need to incinerate sewage sludge by mixing it with waste in a waste incinerator, and supply sewage sludge to the waste chute or combustion chamber of the incinerator. , A waste incinerator in which sludge is mixed with waste and incinerated in the incinerator is known (for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3 and the like).
一般に下水汚泥は、含水率９８〜９９％から、重力濃縮や機械濃縮（加圧浮上・遠心濃縮）等の方法を用いて含水率９５〜９７％に減量化され、さらに遠心脱水機やベルトブレス脱水機などにより含水率７６〜８０％に脱水されて、いわゆる脱水汚泥とされてから、焼却処理されているが、含水率が高く、発熱量が１０００〜２０００ｋＪ／ｋｇと低く自燃しないため、下水処理場に設置されている焼却炉にそのまま投入して焼却する場合は、天然ガスや油等の補助燃料を使用して焼却処理する必要がある。 Generally, sewage sludge is reduced from a water content of 98 to 99% to a water content of 95 to 97% by a method such as gravity concentration or mechanical concentration (pressurized levitation / centrifugal concentration), and further, a centrifugal dehydrator or belt breath. Sewage is incinerated after being dehydrated to a water content of 76 to 80% by a dehydrator or the like to form so-called dehydrated sludge, but it has a high water content and a low calorific value of 1000 to 2000 kJ / kg and does not self-burn. When it is directly put into the incinerator installed in the treatment plant for incineration, it is necessary to incinerate it using auxiliary fuel such as natural gas or oil.
また、ごみと混燃する場合、脱水汚泥は、粘土質のため塊になりやすく、ごみホッパー内に押し込むとごみホッパー内で詰まってしまう恐れがあり、また、大きな塊のまま焼却炉に投入されると、その塊が完全に燃焼せず、未燃焼部分を残したまま、灰とともに炉外へ排出されてしまうなどの問題があった。このため、脱水汚泥をごみに混ぜて混焼する場合は、通常、ごみの重量の１０％以下とする必要があった。 In addition, when mixed with waste, the dehydrated sludge tends to become lumps because it is clayey, and if it is pushed into the waste hopper, it may become clogged in the waste hopper, and the large lumps are put into the incinerator as they are. Then, there was a problem that the lump was not completely burned and was discharged to the outside of the furnace together with the ash while leaving the unburned part. Therefore, when dehydrated sludge is mixed with waste and co-fired, it is usually necessary to reduce the weight to 10% or less of the weight of the waste.
補助燃料を使用せず下水汚泥をごみと混ぜて焼却するには、汚泥乾燥機を用いて脱水汚泥を更に乾燥させて含水率４０％前後のいわゆる乾燥汚泥とする必要があった。 In order to mix sewage sludge with waste and incinerate it without using auxiliary fuel, it was necessary to further dry the dehydrated sludge using a sludge dryer to obtain so-called dry sludge having a water content of about 40%.
ごみ焼却施設は、ダイオキシン類やＣＯ、ＮＯｘの発生を抑制し、環境汚染を防止するとともに、近年では熱回収の高効率化などが求められており、ごみと下水汚泥を混合して焼却する場合でも、高い安定燃焼性能が求められている。 Waste incineration facilities are required to suppress the generation of dioxins, CO, and NOx, prevent environmental pollution, and improve the efficiency of heat recovery in recent years. When waste and sewage sludge are mixed and incinerated. However, high stable combustion performance is required.
しかしながら、ごみは、水分が多く燃えにくい生ごみ等のごみとプラスチックが多く燃えやすいごみとが混在し、また経時的にそれらのごみが変動しながら焼却炉に供給されるため、安定燃焼が難しく、その上、焼却対象として下水汚泥も加えると、さらに安定燃焼が困難となる。 However, stable combustion is difficult because garbage such as food waste, which has a lot of water and is hard to burn, and garbage, which has a lot of plastic and is easy to burn, are mixed and are supplied to the incinerator while fluctuating over time. Moreover, if sewage sludge is added as an incineration target, stable combustion becomes more difficult.
また、補助燃料を使用して焼却処理する場合は補助燃料のコストが嵩み、汚泥乾燥機を使用する場合は、汚泥乾燥機自体のコストに加えて汚泥乾燥機のランニングコストが嵩み、非効率となる。 In addition, when incineration using auxiliary fuel, the cost of auxiliary fuel increases, and when using a sludge dryer, the running cost of the sludge dryer increases in addition to the cost of the sludge dryer itself, which is not the case. It becomes efficiency.
そこで本発明は、水分が多く燃焼しにくい下水汚泥をごみと混燃する際に効率的に安定して焼却することができる廃棄物焼却炉を提供することを主たる目的とする。 Therefore, a main object of the present invention is to provide a waste incinerator capable of efficiently and stably incinerating sewage sludge, which has a large amount of water and is difficult to burn, when mixed with waste.
上記目的を達成するため、本発明に係る廃棄物焼却炉の第１の態様は、炉本体に接続されたホッパー内の焼却対象物を前記炉本体内に供給する給じん装置、前記炉本体内で発生する燃焼排ガスから熱回収する廃熱ボイラ、燃焼排ガス中の水分濃度を検出する水分濃度検出器、及び、燃焼排ガス中の酸素濃度を検出する酸素濃度検出器を有するストーカ式焼却炉と、前記ストーカ式焼却炉に汚泥を供給する汚泥供給装置と、燃焼を制御する演算制御部と、を備え、前記炉本体内に、乾燥ストーカ、燃焼ストーカ、及び後燃焼ストーカを有し、前記汚泥供給装置は、前記乾燥ストーカにおける上流側位置の鉛直上方に配設された汚泥供給口を前記炉本体に備え、前記汚泥供給口は、前記乾燥ストーカの幅方向に０．５〜１．５ｍ間隔で複数個配置されており、前記演算制御部は、前記水分濃度検出器により検出された水分濃度と、前記酸素濃度検出器により検出された酸素濃度とから、前記廃熱ボイラの蒸発量を演算し、蒸発量の演算値に基づいて、前記給じん装置の給じん速度と前記汚泥供給装置の汚泥供給速度とを別々に制御する。 In order to achieve the above object, the first aspect of the waste incinerator according to the present invention is a dust supply device for supplying an object to be incinerated in a hopper connected to a furnace body into the furnace body, in the furnace body. A stoker-type incinerator having a waste heat boiler that recovers heat from the combustion exhaust gas generated in the above, a moisture concentration detector that detects the moisture concentration in the combustion exhaust gas, and an oxygen concentration detector that detects the oxygen concentration in the combustion exhaust gas. A sludge supply device that supplies sludge to the stoker type incinerator and an arithmetic control unit that controls combustion are provided, and a drying stoker, a combustion stoker, and a post-combustion stoker are provided in the furnace body to supply the sludge. The apparatus is provided with a sludge supply port arranged vertically above the upstream position of the dry stoker in the furnace body, and the sludge supply port is spaced 0.5 to 1.5 m in the width direction of the dry stoker. A plurality of them are arranged, and the calculation control unit calculates the amount of combustion of the waste heat boiler from the water concentration detected by the water concentration detector and the oxygen concentration detected by the oxygen concentration detector. , The dust supply speed of the dust supply device and the sludge supply speed of the sludge supply device are separately controlled based on the calculated value of the amount of combustion.
本発明に係る廃棄物焼却炉の第２の態様は、上記第１の態様において、前記演算制御部が、前記汚泥供給装置の汚泥供給速度を制御することにより、燃焼排ガスの水分濃度を制御する。 In the second aspect of the waste incinerator according to the present invention, in the first aspect, the calculation control unit controls the sludge supply rate of the sludge supply device to control the water concentration of the combustion exhaust gas. ..
本発明に係る廃棄物焼却炉の第３の態様は、上記第２の態様において、前記演算制御部は、前記水分濃度検出器により検出された水分濃度の変動を減少させるように前記汚泥供給装置の汚泥供給速度を調節する。 In the third aspect of the waste incinerator according to the present invention, in the second aspect, the sludge supply device is such that the arithmetic control unit reduces the fluctuation of the water concentration detected by the water concentration detector. Adjust the sludge supply rate.
本明細書において、「ごみ」は「汚泥」を含まない用語として用いている。具体的には、「ごみ」は、一般廃棄物（家庭系ごみ及び事業系ごみ）のことであり、「汚泥」は、排水処理や下水処理の過程で出てくる泥状の物質で有機物と無機物の集合体のことである。下水汚泥は、主に下水処理過程で使用された微生物の死骸の集合体である。このとこは特許請求の範囲においても同様である。 In this specification, "garbage" is used as a term that does not include "sludge". Specifically, "garbage" refers to general waste (household waste and business waste), and "sludge" is a muddy substance generated in the process of wastewater treatment and sewage treatment, and is regarded as an organic substance. It is an aggregate of inorganic substances. Sewage sludge is an aggregate of microbial carcasses mainly used in the sewage treatment process. This also applies to the scope of claims.
本発明によれば、給じん速度と汚泥供給速度とを別々に制御することで、ごみと汚泥の混合物から発生する水分を迅速に調整することができる。その結果、水分の多い下水汚泥をごみと効率良く安定燃焼させることができる。 According to the present invention, by controlling the dust supply rate and the sludge supply rate separately, it is possible to quickly adjust the water content generated from the mixture of waste and sludge. As a result, sewage sludge with a large amount of water can be efficiently and stably burned with dust.
本発明に係る廃棄物焼却炉の実施形態について、以下に図１〜図２を参照して説明する。 An embodiment of the waste incinerator according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
廃棄物焼却炉１は、炉本体２、炉本体２に接続されたホッパー３、ホッパー３内の焼却対象物を炉本体２内に供給する給じん装置４、炉本体２内で発生する燃焼排ガスから熱回収する廃熱ボイラ５、炉本体２内に燃焼用空気を供給する燃焼用空気供給装置６、主灰シュート７等を有するストーカ式焼却炉２０と、ストーカ式焼却炉２０に汚泥を供給する汚泥供給装置８と、燃焼を制御する演算制御部９と、を備えている。 The waste incinerator 1 includes a furnace body 2, a hopper 3 connected to the furnace body 2, a dust supply device 4 for supplying an object to be incinerated in the hopper 3 into the furnace body 2, and combustion exhaust gas generated in the furnace body 2. Supply sludge to a stoker type incinerator 20 having a waste heat boiler 5 that recovers heat from the furnace, a combustion air supply device 6 that supplies combustion air into the furnace body 2, a main ash chute 7, and the like, and a stoker type incinerator 20. The sludge supply device 8 for controlling combustion and the arithmetic control unit 9 for controlling combustion are provided.
炉本体２内にストーカ１０が設けられている。ストーカ１０は、上流側から下流側にかけて、乾燥ストーカ１０ｃ、燃焼ストーカ１０ｄ、後燃焼ストーカ１０ｅで構成されている。ストーカ１０は、ごみ送り方向（図１の左側から右側へ向かう方向）に、可動火格子１０ａと固定火格子１０ｂが交互に階段状に配列された階段式ストーカである。 A stoker 10 is provided in the furnace body 2. The stoker 10 is composed of a dry stoker 10c, a combustion stoker 10d, and a post-combustion stoker 10e from the upstream side to the downstream side. The stoker 10 is a staircase type stoker in which movable grate 10a and fixed grate 10b are alternately arranged in a staircase pattern in the dust feeding direction (direction from the left side to the right side in FIG. 1).
油圧シリンダ等の油圧機器で構成されるストーカ駆動装置１０ｆ、１０ｇ、１０ｈによって、乾燥ストーカ１０ｃ、燃焼ストーカ１０ｄ、及び後燃焼ストーカ１０ｅの其々の可動火格子１０ａを往復動させることにより、ごみを攪拌しながら上流側から下流側へ移送する。可動火格子１０ａが往復動する速度、即ちストーカ速度は、演算制御部９により制御され得る。演算制御部９は、制御部、演算部、記憶部、インターフェース等を備えている。 Garbage is removed by reciprocating the movable grate 10a of the dry stoker 10c, the combustion stoker 10d, and the post-combustion stoker 10e by the stoker drive devices 10f, 10g, and 10h composed of hydraulic equipment such as a hydraulic cylinder. Transfer from the upstream side to the downstream side while stirring. The speed at which the movable grate 10a reciprocates, that is, the stoker speed can be controlled by the arithmetic control unit 9. The calculation control unit 9 includes a control unit, a calculation unit, a storage unit, an interface, and the like.
図示例の給じん装置４は、プッシャー４ａの往復動により、ホッパー３内のごみを焼却炉内に押し込むプッシャー方式である。プッシャー４ａの往復動速度、即ち、給じん速度が演算制御部９によって制御され、ホッパー３から炉本体２内に供給されるごみの供給量が制御される。プッシャー４ａは、油圧シリンダ等のプッシャー駆動装置４ｂによって往復動する。 The dust supply device 4 in the illustrated example is a pusher type that pushes the dust in the hopper 3 into the incinerator by the reciprocating movement of the pusher 4a. The reciprocating speed of the pusher 4a, that is, the dust supply speed is controlled by the arithmetic control unit 9, and the amount of dust supplied from the hopper 3 into the furnace body 2 is controlled. The pusher 4a reciprocates by a pusher drive device 4b such as a hydraulic cylinder.
燃焼用空気供給装置６は、燃焼に必要な空気、即ち燃焼用空気を炉内に送り込む装置であり、押込送風機６ａ、空気予熱器６ｂ、空気ダクト６ｃ、ダンパ６ｄ等によって構成されている。燃焼用空気は、ストーカ１０の下から送られる１次空気と、燃焼室上部に送られる２次空気とに分けられる。燃焼用空気供給装置６のダンパ６ｄの制御又は押込送風機６ａの電動機の回転数が演算制御部９によって制御され、燃焼用空気量が制御される。 The combustion air supply device 6 is a device that sends the air required for combustion, that is, the combustion air into the furnace, and is composed of a push blower 6a, an air preheater 6b, an air duct 6c, a damper 6d, and the like. The combustion air is divided into primary air sent from under the stoker 10 and secondary air sent to the upper part of the combustion chamber. The control of the damper 6d of the combustion air supply device 6 or the rotation speed of the electric motor of the push blower 6a is controlled by the arithmetic control unit 9, and the amount of combustion air is controlled.
汚泥供給装置８は、例えば、一軸ねじポンプやピストンポンプ等の容積移動型ポンプや、スクリューフィーダー等を備えることができ、それらを駆動する駆動モータの回転数が演算制御部９によって制御され、汚泥供給量、汚泥供給速度が制御される。 The sludge supply device 8 may include, for example, a volume-moving pump such as a uniaxial screw pump or a piston pump, a screw feeder, or the like, and the rotation speed of the drive motor that drives them is controlled by the arithmetic control unit 9, and the sludge is sludge. The supply amount and sludge supply rate are controlled.
汚泥供給装置８は、乾燥ストーカ１０ｃの上流側位置の鉛直上方に配設された汚泥供給口８ａを備える。汚泥供給口８ａは、図示例では炉本体２の上部壁に開口しているが、例えば、炉本体２の側壁部から汚泥供給管８ｂを挿通して所定位置に汚泥供給口８ａを配置することもできる。 The sludge supply device 8 includes a sludge supply port 8a arranged vertically above the position on the upstream side of the dry stoker 10c. In the illustrated example, the sludge supply port 8a is open to the upper wall of the furnace body 2, but for example, the sludge supply port 8a is arranged at a predetermined position by inserting the sludge supply pipe 8b from the side wall portion of the furnace body 2. You can also.
汚泥供給口８ａは、乾燥ストーカ１０ｃの幅方向（図１の奥行き方向）に複数個配置することができ、その配置間隔は例えば０．５〜１．５ｍ間隔とすることが、汚泥を炉本体２の幅方向に均等に乾燥させるために好ましい。 A plurality of sludge supply ports 8a can be arranged in the width direction (depth direction in FIG. 1) of the dry stoker 10c, and the arrangement interval may be, for example, 0.5 to 1.5 m, so that the sludge can be placed in the furnace body. It is preferable to dry evenly in the width direction of 2.
汚泥供給口８ａから炉本体２内に供給された汚泥Ｓは、乾燥ストーカ１０ｃ上のごみＧの上に落下し、乾燥ストーカ１０ｃ上のごみＧの上で、ごみ燃焼の火炎に下から煽られるとともに、燃焼ストーカ１０ｄ上の火炎からの輻射熱を受け、乾燥が促進される。乾燥ストーカ１０ｃ上で乾燥させられた汚泥Ｓは、燃焼ストーカ１０ｄ上でごみＧとともに燃焼させられる。 The sludge S supplied into the furnace body 2 from the sludge supply port 8a falls on the garbage G on the dry stoker 10c, and is fanned from below by the flame of the garbage combustion on the garbage G on the dry stoker 10c. At the same time, it receives radiant heat from the flame on the combustion stoker 10d, and drying is promoted. The sludge S dried on the dry stoker 10c is burned together with the waste G on the combustion stoker 10d.
演算制御部９は、設定された目標焼却量や目標蒸発量に応じて、給じん速度、ストーカ速度、燃焼用空気量、汚泥供給速度を制御する。目標焼却量は、ごみと汚泥の合計焼却量と汚泥の混燃比率として設定されたり、ごみと汚泥の其々について設定される。安定した余熱利用のための制御目標として、廃熱ボイラ５の蒸発量が目標蒸発量として用いられる。制御には、シーケンス制御やＰＩＤ制御が用いられるほか、ファジイ制御システムや自己回帰モデル制御システム等を利用した自動燃焼制御（ＡＣＣ）が用いられることもある。 The arithmetic control unit 9 controls the dust supply speed, the stalker speed, the amount of combustion air, and the sludge supply speed according to the set target incineration amount and target evaporation amount. The target incineration amount is set as the total incineration amount of waste and sludge and the mixed combustion ratio of sludge, or is set for each of waste and sludge. As a control target for stable residual heat utilization, the evaporation amount of the waste heat boiler 5 is used as the target evaporation amount. In addition to sequence control and PID control, automatic combustion control (ACC) using a fuzzy control system, an autoregressive model control system, or the like may be used for control.
廃熱ボイラ５の蒸発量は、差圧式流量計等の蒸発量計測器によって実測する蒸発量実測方法と、燃焼排ガス中の成分を測定して成分濃度から演算する蒸発量演算方法が知られている。本発明では、蒸発量演算方法が利用される。蒸発量演算方法は、例えば特許５９９６７６２号明細書に開示されているため、計算式等に関する詳細な説明は省略する。 As for the evaporation amount of the waste heat boiler 5, there are known a method of measuring the amount of evaporation measured by an evaporation amount measuring instrument such as a differential pressure type flow meter and a method of calculating the amount of evaporation by measuring the components in the combustion exhaust gas and calculating from the component concentration. There is. In the present invention, the evaporation amount calculation method is used. Since the method for calculating the amount of evaporation is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent No. 5996762, detailed description of the calculation formula and the like will be omitted.
蒸発量実測方法では燃焼排ガスと缶水との熱交換により発生する蒸気流量を測定するのに対し、蒸気量演算方法は、燃焼排ガス中の水分濃度と酸素濃度から直ちに廃熱ボイラ５の蒸発量を演算するため、蒸気量実測方法より早く廃熱ボイラ５の蒸発量を得ることができる。特に、燃焼排ガス中の水分は、主として乾燥ストーカ１０ｃ上で発生するため、早い段階で、ごみ質、即ち焼却対象物中の水分に関する情報が検出され得る。 In the evaporation amount measurement method, the steam flow rate generated by heat exchange between the combustion exhaust gas and can water is measured, whereas in the steam amount calculation method, the evaporation amount of the waste heat boiler 5 is immediately determined from the water concentration and oxygen concentration in the combustion exhaust gas. Therefore, the amount of evaporation of the waste heat boiler 5 can be obtained faster than the method of measuring the amount of steam. In particular, since the water content in the combustion exhaust gas is mainly generated on the dry stoker 10c, information on the waste quality, that is, the water content in the incineration object can be detected at an early stage.
燃焼排ガス中の水分濃度及び酸素濃度をリアルタイムで測定するための水分濃度検出器１１及び酸素濃度検出器１２が、燃焼排ガス通路に設置されている。水分濃度検出器１１及び酸素濃度検出器１２の測定データは、演算制御部９に送られる。 A water concentration detector 11 and an oxygen concentration detector 12 for measuring the water concentration and the oxygen concentration in the combustion exhaust gas in real time are installed in the combustion exhaust gas passage. The measurement data of the water concentration detector 11 and the oxygen concentration detector 12 is sent to the arithmetic control unit 9.
演算制御部９は、測定した水分濃度及び酸素濃度からストーカ１０上の燃焼ごみの発熱量を演算し、発熱量の演算値を基に廃熱ボイラ５の蒸発量を演算する。演算制御部９は、廃熱ボイラ５の蒸発量の演算値が制御目標である目標蒸発量となるように、給じん装置４の給じん速度、燃焼用空気供給装置６の燃焼用空気量、及び汚泥供給装置８の汚泥供給速度の其々を制御するとともに、目標焼却量となるように、給じん装置４の給じん速度、及び汚泥供給装置８の汚泥供給速度の各々を制御することにより、燃焼を制御する。 The calculation control unit 9 calculates the calorific value of the combustion waste on the stoker 10 from the measured water concentration and oxygen concentration, and calculates the evaporation amount of the waste heat boiler 5 based on the calculated calorific value. The calculation control unit 9 sets the dust supply speed of the dust supply device 4 and the amount of combustion air of the combustion air supply device 6 so that the calculated value of the evaporation amount of the waste heat boiler 5 becomes the target evaporation amount which is the control target. And by controlling each of the sludge supply speed of the sludge supply device 8 and controlling each of the dust supply speed of the dust supply device 4 and the sludge supply speed of the sludge supply device 8 so as to reach the target incineration amount. , Control combustion.
ごみは、燃えやすいごみ（プラスチック等の乾燥したごみ）と燃えにくいごみ（水分の多いごみ）とが混在するとともに、燃えやすいごみと燃えにくいごみの比率（ごみ質）が経時的に変化することにより、燃焼が変動する。燃焼の変動によりボイラの蒸発量が大きく変動する。燃焼の変動を抑えるために、廃熱ボイラ５の蒸発量の演算値を基に、給じん速度や燃焼用空気量が調節され得る。給じん速度を調節することによりごみの供給量が調節され、それに応じた燃焼用空気量に調整することで、廃熱ボイラ５の蒸発量を目標蒸発量に近付けことができる。 Combustible waste (dry waste such as plastic) and non-combustible waste (moisture-rich waste) are mixed in the waste, and the ratio of combustible waste to non-combustible waste (garbage quality) changes over time. Due to the fluctuation of combustion. The amount of evaporation of the boiler fluctuates greatly due to fluctuations in combustion. In order to suppress fluctuations in combustion, the dust supply rate and the amount of combustion air can be adjusted based on the calculated value of the evaporation amount of the waste heat boiler 5. By adjusting the dust supply rate, the amount of waste supplied is adjusted, and by adjusting the amount of combustion air accordingly, the amount of evaporation of the waste heat boiler 5 can be brought closer to the target amount of evaporation.
廃熱ボイラ５の蒸発量は、ごみ供給量とごみ質とに依存し、ごみの供給量が減れば廃熱ボイラ５の蒸発量も減り、ごみ質が低下（含水率が増加）すれば廃熱ボイラ５の蒸発量は減る。ごみ質はごみの含水率に依存するため、ごみの含水率が変動すると廃熱ボイラ５の蒸発量も変動する。 The amount of evaporation of the waste heat boiler 5 depends on the amount of waste supply and the quality of the waste. If the amount of waste supply decreases, the amount of evaporation of the waste heat boiler 5 also decreases, and if the quality of waste decreases (the water content increases), it is abolished. The amount of evaporation of the heat boiler 5 is reduced. Since the quality of waste depends on the water content of the waste, the amount of evaporation of the waste heat boiler 5 also changes when the water content of the waste fluctuates.
給じん速度の制御では、ごみ供給量を制御することによって廃熱ボイラ５の蒸発量が制御されるが、ごみ質を制御することができない。そのため、給じん速度の制御のみでは、ごみ質の経時的変化による廃熱ボイラ５の蒸発量の変動を抑えることは困難である。 In the control of the dust supply speed, the evaporation amount of the waste heat boiler 5 is controlled by controlling the waste supply amount, but the waste quality cannot be controlled. Therefore, it is difficult to suppress the fluctuation of the evaporation amount of the waste heat boiler 5 due to the time-dependent change of the waste quality only by controlling the dust supply speed.
一方、下水処理場で処理された汚泥は、含水率がほぼ一定である。そのため汚泥の供給量が増えれば、炉内に供給される水分が増えることになり、燃焼によって発生する燃焼排ガス中の水分も増えることになる。従って、汚泥供給装置８の汚泥供給速度を制御すれば、炉本体２内で汚泥から蒸発する水分の濃度を制御することができる。 On the other hand, the sludge treated at the sewage treatment plant has a substantially constant water content. Therefore, if the amount of sludge supplied increases, the amount of water supplied to the furnace will increase, and the amount of water in the combustion exhaust gas generated by combustion will also increase. Therefore, by controlling the sludge supply rate of the sludge supply device 8, it is possible to control the concentration of water evaporating from the sludge in the furnace body 2.
含水率が変動するごみに、含水率がほぼ一定の汚泥の混ぜる量を調節することで、ごみと汚泥の混合物の含水率の変動を減少させることができる。すなわち、ごみの含水率が径時的に変化しても、汚泥供給量（汚泥供給速度）を調整することにより、ごみと汚泥の混合物の含水率を安定した含水率に制御することができ、その結果、燃焼を安定させ、廃熱ボイラ５の蒸発量を安定させることができる。 By adjusting the amount of sludge having a substantially constant water content mixed with waste having a fluctuating water content, it is possible to reduce the fluctuation in the water content of the mixture of waste and sludge. That is, even if the water content of waste changes over time, the water content of the mixture of waste and sludge can be controlled to a stable water content by adjusting the sludge supply amount (sludge supply rate). As a result, combustion can be stabilized and the amount of evaporation of the waste heat boiler 5 can be stabilized.
従って、ごみの含水率の経時的変化による燃焼ガス中の水分濃度の変動を減少させるように汚泥供給速度を調節することにより、燃焼の変動をいっそう抑制することが可能となり、廃熱ボイラ５のいっそう安定した蒸発量が得られる。 Therefore, by adjusting the sludge supply rate so as to reduce the fluctuation of the water concentration in the combustion gas due to the time-dependent change of the water content of the waste, the fluctuation of the combustion can be further suppressed, and the waste heat boiler 5 can be used. A more stable amount of evaporation can be obtained.
例えば、図２に模式的に示すグラフを参照して、ごみの水分量Ｈｇが図２のように変動している場合を仮定すると、汚泥の水分量Ｈｓが図２のようにごみの水分量Ｈｇの変化を相殺するように汚泥供給量を調整することにより、全体の水分量Ｈｔの変動を減少させることができる。 For example, assuming that the water content Hg of the waste fluctuates as shown in FIG. 2 with reference to the graph schematically shown in FIG. 2, the water content Hs of the sludge is the water content of the waste as shown in FIG. By adjusting the sludge supply amount so as to offset the change in Hg, the fluctuation of the total water content Ht can be reduced.
ごみと汚泥の全体の水分量は、水分濃度検出器１１の検出値に比例する。汚泥供給速度を調節し、水分濃度検出器１１により検出された水分濃度の変動が抑えられれば、ごみと汚泥の混合したごみ質の変動が抑えられ、その結果、燃焼の変動が減少し、廃熱ボイラ５の蒸発量の安定化が実現される。このようにして、給じん速度の制御による燃焼の不安定さを汚泥供給速度の制御で補うことにより、よりいっそう安定な燃焼が実現され得る。 The total water content of the waste and sludge is proportional to the detected value of the water concentration detector 11. If the sludge supply rate is adjusted and the fluctuation of the water concentration detected by the water concentration detector 11 is suppressed, the fluctuation of the waste quality of the mixture of waste and sludge is suppressed, and as a result, the fluctuation of combustion is reduced and the waste is abolished. Stabilization of the evaporation amount of the heat boiler 5 is realized. In this way, by compensating for the instability of combustion by controlling the dust supply speed by controlling the sludge supply speed, more stable combustion can be realized.
給じん速度と汚泥供給速度とは、互いに独立して制御されるため、例えば、廃熱ボイラ５の蒸発量の演算により廃熱ボイラ５の蒸発量が減ることが予測された場合には、給じん速度を増加させつつ、汚泥供給速度を下げ、炉本体２内に持ち込まれる水分を下げることにより、炉本体２内に供給されるごみと汚泥の混合物の発熱量（∝廃熱ボイラの蒸発量）が下がるのを抑え、燃焼を安定させることができる。 Since the dust supply rate and the sludge supply rate are controlled independently of each other, for example, when it is predicted that the evaporation amount of the waste heat boiler 5 will be reduced by calculating the evaporation amount of the waste heat boiler 5, the supply rate will be supplied. By lowering the sludge supply rate and lowering the water content brought into the furnace body 2 while increasing the dust rate, the calorific value of the mixture of waste and sludge supplied into the furnace body 2 (∝ evaporation amount of waste heat boiler) ) Can be suppressed and combustion can be stabilized.
また、本発明によれば、ごみと汚泥の混合物の水分量を制御することができるため、汚泥供給装置８によって炉本体２内に供給される汚泥の含水率は、６０〜９０％の範囲で安定燃焼が可能である。脱水処理前の汚泥の含水率は、例えば８０％以上である。また、ごみに対する汚泥の割合も１０％以上としても安定燃焼が可能である。 Further, according to the present invention, since the water content of the mixture of waste and sludge can be controlled, the water content of the sludge supplied into the furnace body 2 by the sludge supply device 8 is in the range of 60 to 90%. Stable combustion is possible. The water content of the sludge before the dehydration treatment is, for example, 80% or more. Further, stable combustion is possible even if the ratio of sludge to waste is 10% or more.
本発明は、上記実施形態に限定解釈されず、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々の変更が可能である。例えば、上記実施形態においては、炉本体２の上部壁に設けた汚泥供給口８ａから乾燥ストーカ１０ｃの上流部に向けて汚泥を落下供給する構成としているが、汚泥をホッパー３に供給する構成とすることもできる。また、上記実施形態において給じん装置をプッシャー式としたが、乾燥ストーカｃの動きに伴ってホッパー内のごみを送り出す形式の供給フィーダ式を採用することもできる。また、上記実施形態では、助燃バーナを設けていないが、助燃バーナを設けることも可能である。 The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, in the above embodiment, the sludge is dropped and supplied from the sludge supply port 8a provided on the upper wall of the furnace main body 2 toward the upstream portion of the drying stoker 10c, but the sludge is supplied to the hopper 3. You can also do it. Further, although the dust supply device is a pusher type in the above embodiment, a supply feeder type in which dust in the hopper is sent out with the movement of the drying stoker c can also be adopted. Further, although the combustion assisting burner is not provided in the above embodiment, it is possible to provide the combustion assisting burner.
１ 廃棄物焼却炉
２ 炉本体
３ ホッパー
４ 給じん装置
５ 廃熱ボイラ
６ 燃焼用空気供給装置
８ 汚泥供給装置
９ 演算制御部
１０ ストーカ
１０ｃ 乾燥ストーカ
１０ｄ 燃焼ストーカ
１０ｅ 後燃焼ストーカ
１１ 水分濃度検出器
１２ 酸素濃度検出器
２０ ストーカ式焼却炉
1 Waste incinerator 2 Furnace body 3 Hopper 4 Dust supply device 5 Waste heat boiler 6 Combustion air supply device 8 Sewage supply device 9 Computational control unit 10 Stoker 10c Drying stoker 10d Combustion stoker 10e Post-combustion stoker 11 Moisture concentration detector 12 Oxygen concentration detector 20 Stoker type incinerator
Claims (3)
前記ストーカ式焼却炉に汚泥を供給する汚泥供給装置と、
燃焼を制御する演算制御部と、を備え、
前記炉本体内に、乾燥ストーカ、燃焼ストーカ、及び後燃焼ストーカを有し、
前記汚泥供給装置は、前記乾燥ストーカにおける上流側位置の鉛直上方に配設された汚泥供給口を前記炉本体に備え、
前記汚泥供給口は、前記乾燥ストーカの幅方向に０．５〜１．５ｍ間隔で複数個配置されており、
前記演算制御部は、前記水分濃度検出器により検出された水分濃度と、前記酸素濃度検出器により検出された酸素濃度とから、前記廃熱ボイラの蒸発量を演算し、蒸発量の演算値に基づいて、前記給じん装置の給じん速度と前記汚泥供給装置の汚泥供給速度とを別々に制御する、廃棄物焼却炉。 A dust supply device that supplies the incineration object in the hopper connected to the furnace body to the furnace body, a waste heat boiler that recovers heat from the combustion exhaust gas generated in the furnace body, and a water concentration in the combustion exhaust gas are detected. A stoker-type incinerator having a water concentration detector and an oxygen concentration detector that detects the oxygen concentration in the combustion exhaust gas, and
A sludge supply device that supplies sludge to the stoker type incinerator,
Equipped with an arithmetic control unit that controls combustion,
A drying stoker, a combustion stoker, and a post-combustion stoker are provided in the furnace body.
The sludge supply device is provided with a sludge supply port arranged vertically above the upstream position of the drying stoker in the furnace body.
A plurality of the sludge supply ports are arranged at intervals of 0.5 to 1.5 m in the width direction of the dry stoker.
The calculation control unit calculates the amount of evaporation of the waste heat boiler from the water concentration detected by the water concentration detector and the oxygen concentration detected by the oxygen concentration detector, and uses the calculated amount of evaporation as the calculated value. Based on this, a waste incinerator that separately controls the dust supply rate of the dust supply device and the sludge supply rate of the sludge supply device.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2018101737A JP6779255B2 (en) | 2018-05-28 | 2018-05-28 | Waste incinerator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2018101737A JP6779255B2 (en) | 2018-05-28 | 2018-05-28 | Waste incinerator |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2019207048A JP2019207048A (en) | 2019-12-05 |
| JP6779255B2 true JP6779255B2 (en) | 2020-11-04 |
Family
ID=68767977
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2018101737A Active JP6779255B2 (en) | 2018-05-28 | 2018-05-28 | Waste incinerator |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP6779255B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112212344A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2021-01-12 | 中国天楹股份有限公司 | Incineration boiler integrated system for efficiently treating high-calorific-value garbage |
| JP7382285B2 (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2023-11-16 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Control device, control method and program |
| CN111828989A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-10-27 | 光大环境科技（中国）有限公司 | In-pipe sludge cleaning device for sludge distribution on incinerator and garbage incinerator |
| CN112097275A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2020-12-18 | 天津壹新环保工程有限公司 | Reciprocating type sludge incinerator |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS52146975A (en) * | 1976-06-01 | 1977-12-07 | Nittetsu Kakoki Kk | Incineration method of leachate from garbage with city garbage concurrently |
| JPS5795517A (en) * | 1980-12-05 | 1982-06-14 | Ebara Infilco Co Ltd | Incinerator |
| JPS60181540U (en) * | 1984-05-09 | 1985-12-02 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Mixed combustion method of garbage and sludge |
| JPS61208421A (en) * | 1985-03-13 | 1986-09-16 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Method of incineration of dust and sludge mixture |
| JPS6249116A (en) * | 1985-08-29 | 1987-03-03 | Idemitsu Petrochem Co Ltd | Controlling method for discharged gas of boiler |
| JPH01305214A (en) * | 1988-05-31 | 1989-12-08 | Sanki Eng Co Ltd | Fuel mixing burning device for refuse and sewage sludge |
| JP2593197B2 (en) * | 1988-08-02 | 1997-03-26 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Thermal energy recovery method and thermal energy recovery device |
| JP3822328B2 (en) * | 1997-09-26 | 2006-09-20 | 住友重機械工業株式会社 | Method for estimating the lower heating value of combustion waste in refuse incinerators |
| JP2000161635A (en) * | 1998-11-24 | 2000-06-16 | Nkk Corp | Waste incinerating method |
| JP2000161636A (en) * | 1998-11-24 | 2000-06-16 | Nkk Corp | Method for incinerating refuse |
| JP2001059606A (en) * | 1999-06-16 | 2001-03-06 | Nkk Corp | Method and facility for incinerating refuse |
| JP2001090933A (en) * | 1999-09-27 | 2001-04-03 | Imanaka:Kk | Waste melting device |
| JP2002160821A (en) * | 2000-09-18 | 2002-06-04 | Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd | Delivery device for carrying conveyor |
| JP3688644B2 (en) * | 2002-03-04 | 2005-08-31 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | Method for estimating in-furnace waste retention distribution in incinerator and combustion control method and apparatus using the method |
| JP4432047B2 (en) * | 2004-07-12 | 2010-03-17 | 日立金属株式会社 | Waste treatment furnace and waste treatment equipment that treats dust and sludge together |
| JP3136980U (en) * | 2007-08-28 | 2007-11-08 | 株式会社川崎技研 | Waste incinerator for sludge mixed combustion |
-
2018
- 2018-05-28 JP JP2018101737A patent/JP6779255B2/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2019207048A (en) | 2019-12-05 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP6779255B2 (en) | Waste incinerator | |
| US4838183A (en) | Apparatus and method for incinerating heterogeneous materials | |
| JP7015103B2 (en) | Waste incinerator and control method of waste incinerator | |
| JP5780806B2 (en) | Sludge incineration treatment system and sludge incineration treatment method | |
| RU2070688C1 (en) | Method of combustion control in furnace for burning waste in fluidized bed | |
| JP3822328B2 (en) | Method for estimating the lower heating value of combustion waste in refuse incinerators | |
| CN102563666A (en) | Sludge incineration method and sludge incineration facility | |
| JP4099195B2 (en) | Combustion control system for waste incinerator without boiler equipment | |
| NO150613B (en) | LIQUID COOLED TURBINE POWDER WITH IMPROVED HEAT TRANSMISSION | |
| JP2012122623A (en) | Method and apparatus for drying and incinerating sewage sludge | |
| JP7397627B2 (en) | Incineration plant and its combustion control method | |
| JP2011149658A (en) | Operation control method for circulating fluidized bed boiler | |
| JP2002098308A (en) | Circulated fluidized bed combustion apparatus | |
| JP5871207B2 (en) | Waste incinerator and waste incineration method | |
| JPS6116889B2 (en) | ||
| CN110500595B (en) | Method suitable for waste incineration air distribution of Martin furnace | |
| CN115479276A (en) | Control device, waste incineration facility, control method, and program | |
| JP7178814B2 (en) | Stoker type waste power generation system and method for stabilizing waste power generation amount | |
| Lee et al. | Co-firing of paper sludge with high-calorific industrial wastes in a pilot-scale nozzle-grate incinerator | |
| JP3936884B2 (en) | Control method of stoker type incinerator | |
| JPH0323806B2 (en) | ||
| JP7265671B2 (en) | Stoker type waste power generation system and method for stabilizing waste power generation amount | |
| JP3844333B2 (en) | Combustion control system for waste incinerator without boiler equipment | |
| JP2004239508A (en) | Combustion control method of refuse incinerator, and refuse incinerator | |
| JP6965842B2 (en) | Waste incinerator and waste incinerator method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20190301 |
|
| A871 | Explanation of circumstances concerning accelerated examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A871 Effective date: 20190301 |
|
| A975 | Report on accelerated examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971005 Effective date: 20190314 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20190320 |
|
| A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20190510 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20190629 |
|
| A02 | Decision of refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02 Effective date: 20190918 |
|
| C60 | Trial request (containing other claim documents, opposition documents) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: C60 Effective date: 20191208 |
|
| C22 | Notice of designation (change) of administrative judge |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: C22 Effective date: 20200624 |
|
| C23 | Notice of termination of proceedings |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: C23 Effective date: 20200908 |
|
| C03 | Trial/appeal decision taken |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: C03 Effective date: 20201013 |
|
| C30A | Notification sent |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: C3012 Effective date: 20201013 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20201013 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 6779255 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |