JP7002211B2 - 二次電池用多孔性セパレータ及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
二次電池用多孔性セパレータ及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
8≦{(10ts+tr)×C}/100
(tsは金属前駆体を注入する時間(秒)であり、trは酸化剤を注入する時間(秒)であり、Cは工程の繰り返し回数である。)
Th/Ts≦0.80
(Tsは多孔性セパレータの表面の無機酸化物層の厚さであり、Thは多孔性セパレータの表面から多孔性セパレータの中心方向に、多孔性セパレータの全体厚さの1/2に当たる位置の内部気孔に形成された無機酸化物層の厚さである。)
8.0≦{(10ts+tr)×C}/100
(tsは金属前駆体を注入する時間(秒)であり、trは酸化剤を注入する時間(秒)であり、Cは原子層蒸着工程の繰り返し回数である。)
Th/Ts≦0.80
(Tsは多孔性セパレータの表面の無機酸化物層の厚さであり、Thは多孔性セパレータの表面から多孔性セパレータの中心方向に、多孔性セパレータの全体厚さの1/2に当たる位置の内部気孔に形成された無機酸化物層の厚さである。)
8.0≦{(10ts+tr)×C}/100
Th/Ts≦0.80
(1)気体透過度(Gurley densometer)
気体透過度は、ガーレー式デンソメーター(Gurley desnometer:東洋精機製作所製)を用いて測定した。気体透過度は、所定体積(100mLまたは100cc)の気体が所定圧力(約1~2psig)で所定面積(1 in2)を通過するのにかかる時間(単位:秒(second))を表す。
厚さに対する精度が0.1μmである接触式の厚さ測定装置を用いた。
気孔径は、ポロメーター(Porometer:PMI社製)を用いて、ASTM F316-03に準じてハーフドライ法により測定した。
Acm×Bcmの長方形のサンプルを切り出し、数学式1により算出した。A,Bともにそれぞれ5~20cmの範囲で切って測定した。
気孔率={(A×B×T)-(M÷ρ)÷(A×B×T)}×100
気体透過度は、ガーレー式デンソメーター(Gurley desnometer:東洋精機製作所製)を用いて測定した。これは、所定体積(100mL)の気体が所定圧力(約1~2psig)で所定面積(1 in2)を通過するのにかかる時間(単位:秒(second))を表すものである。
ALD成膜法による複合微多孔膜上の無機金属化合物の蒸着厚さは、イオンミラー(ion miller)を用いて断面前処理した。FE-SEM及びDB-FIBにより、深さ毎の無機金属化合物の蒸着厚さを測定した。
ガラス板の間にテフロン(登録商標)シート紙を入れ、測定しようとする複合微多孔膜に7.5mg/mm2の力が加えられるようにし、150℃のオーブンで1時間放置した後、縦方向(MD)及び横方向(TD)の収縮を測定して、最終面積収縮(%)を計算した。
MELLER TOLEDO社製のTMA(Thermo-mechanical analysis)装置を用いて、6mm×10mmの試験片に0.015Nの錘を取り付け、5℃/minの速度で昇温した。延伸過程を経て製作された試験片は所定温度で収縮し、Tg及びTmを超えると、錘の重さによって試験片が伸びることになる。TMA最大収縮率は、所定温度で発生する最大収縮点(point)での初期測定長さに対する収縮変形長さを%で表現した値と定義する。試験片が錘の重さによって伸び始めるが、この際、試験片の初期長さ(zero point)を超え始める温度を溶融破断温度と定義する。また、収縮が発生しないサンプルの場合には、傾斜が最大の時を基準としてx軸と接する温度と定義する。
平均気孔サイズ40nm、気孔率60%、厚さ25μmのポリエチレン基材を100℃のチャンバに固定させた後、14kVのプラズマで3m/minの速度で処理した。トリメチルアルミニウム(Al(CH3)3)を500sccmで1秒間注入して接触させ、アルゴン(Ar)で5秒間パージした後、酸化剤として過酸化水素(H2O2)を500sccmで5秒間注入し、さらにアルゴン(Ar)で15秒間パージする過程を80回繰り返した。測定結果、製造された多孔性セパレータの無機酸化物層の厚さは約18nmであり、ガーレー(Gurley)値は191sec/100ccであった。
トリメチルアルミニウム(Al(CH3)3)を注入して接触させる時間と、酸化剤としての過酸化水素を注入する時間のみを下記表1のように異ならせ、他の条件は実施例1と同様にして、実施例2~43及び比較例1~17に当たる多孔性セパレータを製造した。
Claims (5)
- 多孔性基材上に原子層蒸着工程により無機酸化物層を形成した多孔性セパレータであって、前記多孔性基材の表面から中心方向に向かって無機酸化物層の厚さが減少し、且つ下記関係式I及びIIを満たしており、金属前駆体を注入する時間(秒)が0.1≦t s ≦20であり、酸化剤を注入する時間(秒)が0.5≦t r ≦30であり、原子層蒸着工程の繰り返し回数が35~160回であり、表面の無機酸化物層の厚さ(nm)が15.25≦T s ≦30.0であり、前記無機酸化物層は、SrTiO 3 、SnO 2 、CeO 2 、MgO、NiO、CaO、ZnS、ZnOS、ZrO 2 、Y 2 O 3 、SiC、CeO 2 、MgO、WO 3 、Ta 2 O 5 、RuO 2 、NiO、BaTiO 3 、Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 (PZT)、HfO 2 、SrTiO 3 、NiO、ZrO 2 、Al 2 O 3 、SiO 2 、TiO 2 、及びZnOから選択される1つ以上を含み、多孔性セパレータの気体透過度が525(sec/100cc)以下である、多孔性セパレータ。
[関係式I]
8≦{(10ts+tr)×C}/100
(tsは金属前駆体を注入する時間(秒)であり、trは酸化剤を注入する時間(秒)であり、Cは原子層蒸着工程の繰り返し回数である。)
[関係式II]
Th/Ts≦0.80
(Tsは多孔性セパレータの表面の無機酸化物層の厚さ(nm)であり、Thは多孔性セパレータの表面から多孔性セパレータの中心方向に、多孔性セパレータの全体厚さの1/2に当たる位置の内部気孔に形成された無機酸化物層の厚さ(nm)である。) - 多孔性セパレータの表面から多孔性セパレータの中心方向に、多孔性セパレータの全体厚さの1/2に当たる位置の内部気孔に形成された無機酸化物層の厚さ(nm)が1.0≦Th≦15である、請求項1に記載の多孔性セパレータ。
- 前記多孔性高分子基材の平均気孔径が30~50nmである、請求項1に記載の多孔性セパレータ。
- 前記多孔性高分子基材の気孔率が50~70%である、請求項1に記載の多孔性セパレータ。
- 前記多孔性セパレータの厚さが20~30μmである、請求項1に記載の多孔性セパレータ。
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CN109888157B (zh) * | 2019-03-19 | 2021-07-09 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | 一种隔膜及其制备方法和包含该隔膜的锂离子电池 |
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US11462743B2 (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2022-10-04 | The Florida International University Board Of Trustees | Battery comprising a metal interlayer |
EP4231433A3 (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2024-05-22 | LG Energy Solution, Ltd. | Separator for lithium-sulfur battery and lithium-sulfur battery comprising the same |
WO2023201094A2 (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2023-10-19 | Forge Nano, Inc. | Methods of reactive drying a separator during battery manufacturing, dried separators, and batteries containing the separator |
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US20110200863A1 (en) | 2010-02-12 | 2011-08-18 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Lithium-ion batteries with coated separators |
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