JP6986190B2 - IL13Rα2を標的とする共刺激性キメラ抗原受容体T細胞L13Rα2を標的とする共刺激性キメラ抗原レセプターT細胞 - Google Patents
IL13Rα2を標的とする共刺激性キメラ抗原受容体T細胞L13Rα2を標的とする共刺激性キメラ抗原レセプターT細胞 Download PDFInfo
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Description
1)非極性R基があるアミノ酸:アラニン、バリン、ロイシン、イソロイシン、プロリン、フェニルアラニン、トリプトファン、メチオニン;
2)極性R基が非荷電であるアミノ酸:グリシン、セリン、スレオニン、システイン、チロシン、アスパラギン、グルタミン;
3)荷電した極性R基があるアミノ酸(pH6.0で負に荷電):アスパラギン酸、グルタミン酸;
4)塩基性アミノ酸(pH6.0で正に帯電):リジン、アルギニン、ヒスチジン(pH6.0)。他のグループとしては、フェニル基がある、フェニルアラニン、トリプトファン、及びチロシン、のアミノ酸であってよい。
[0059] 有用なIL13Rα2特異的CARの構造を、以下に記載する。コドン最適化CAR配列は、Fc受容体媒介認識モデルを大幅に低下させる2つの変異(L235E;N297Q)を含む、IgG4Fcスペーサーである、IL13Rα1への潜在的結合を低下させるため、単一部位で変異した膜結合(membrane-tethered)IL−13リガンド(E13Y)、CD4膜貫通ドメイン、共刺激4−1BB細胞質シグナル伝達ドメイン、及びCD3ζ細胞質シグナル伝達ドメインを含む。T2Aリボソームスキップ配列は、このIL13(EQ)BBζCAR配列を、不活性な非免疫原性細胞表面検出/選択マーカーである、CD19tから分離する。このT2A結合は、単一の転写産物由来のIL13(EQ)BBζ、及びCD19tの座標発現をともにもたらす。図1Aは、IL13(EQ)BBZ−T2ACD19t構築物をコードする2670ヌクレオチドのオープンリーディングフレームの概略図である。図1では、IL13Rα2特異的リガンドIL13(E13Y)、IgG4(EQ)Fc、CD4膜貫通、4−1BB細胞質シグナル伝達、3−グリシンリンカー、及びIL13(EQ)BBZ CARのCD3ζ細胞質シグナル伝達ドメイン、並びにT2Aリボソームスキップ、及びIL13(EQ)BBZ CARの切断型CD19配列が、すべて示されている。IL13(EQ)BBZ CAR、及びCD19tの表面発現を駆動するヒトGM−CSF受容体α、及びCD19シグナル配列も示される。したがって、IL13(EQ)BBZ−T2ACD19t構築物は、IL13Rα2特異的ヒンジ最適化、共刺激性キメラ免疫受容体配列(IL13(EQ)BBZ)、リボソームスキップT2A配列、及びCD19t配列を含む。
[0062] pHIV7プラスミドは、臨床ベクターIL13(EQ)BBZ−T2A−CD19t_epHIV7が、CityofHope(COH)のT細胞治療研究所(TCTRL)で得られた、親プラスミドである。CARの発現に用いたepHIV7ベクターは、pHIV7ベクターから作製した。重要なことに、このベクターは、ヒトEF1プロモーターを用いてCARの発現を駆動する。ベクターの5’、及び3’配列はいずれも、以前にHXBc2プロウイルスから得られたように、pv653RSN由来であった。ポリプリン領域のDNAフラップ配列(cPPT)は、NIH AIDS Reagent RepositoryのHIV−1株pNL4−3由来であった。ウッドチャック転写後調節エレメント(WPRE)配列はすでに説明されている。
1)pCgpは、ウイルスベクター構築に必要なgag/polタンパク質をコードする;
2)pCMV−Rev2は、効率的なパッケージングのため、ウイルスゲノムの輸送を補助するRRE配列に作用するRevタンパク質をコードする;
3)pCMV−Gは、ウイルスベクターの感染に必要な、水疱性口炎ウイルス(VSV)の糖タンパク質をコードする。
[0069] 各プラスミド(IL13(EQ)BBZ−T2A−CD19t_epHIV7;pCgp;pCMV−G;及びpCMV−Rev2)について、発酵槽への接種に用いられるシードバンクを生成して、十分量のプラスミドDNAを作製する。プラスミドDNAの同一性、無菌性、及びエンドトキシンを試験してから、レンチウイルスベクターの作製に用いる。
[0075] 患者から、白血球除去輸血により、Tリンパ球を獲得し、適当な同種異系、又は自己T細胞サブセット、例えば中央記憶T細胞(TCM)を遺伝的に改変して、CARを発現させた後、いずれかの臨床上許容される手段で患者に投与されて、抗がん治療を達成する。
[0080] 実施例4に記載の2つの前臨床試験製品を、以下に記載する前臨床試験で用いた。図6A〜Cは、表面導入遺伝子、及びT細胞マーカー発現のフローサイトメトリー分析の結果を示す。IL−13(EQ)BBγ/CD19t+TCMのHD006.5、及びHD187.1を、抗IL−13−PE、及び抗CD8−FITCで共染色してCD8+CAR+、及びCD4+(すなわちCD8陰性)CAR+細胞を検出した(図6A)。あるいは、抗CD19−PE、及び抗CD4−FITCを用いて、CD4+CD19t+、及びCD8+(すなわちCD4陰性)CAR+細胞を検出した(図6B)。TCR、CD4、CD8、CD62L、及びCD28(灰色ヒストグラム)、又はアイソタイプ対照(黒色ヒストグラム)で、IL13(EQ)BBγ/CD19t+TCMのHD006.5、及びHD187.1を染色した。(図6C)。図6A〜Cで示された比率は各々、アイソタイプ上に染色された生存リンパ球(DAPI陰性)に基づく。
[0081] IL13(EQ)BBζ/CD19t+TCMのエフェクター活性を評価し、当該分析の結果を、図7A〜Bに示す。簡単に説明すると、IL19(EQ)BBγ/CD19t+TCMのHD006.5、及びHD187.1を、CD19t発現に基づく10E:1T比を用いる、6時間51Cr放出アッセイにおいてエフェクターとして用いた。IL13Rα2陽性腫瘍標的は、IL13Rα2(K562−IL13Rα2)、及び一次神経膠腫系統PBT030−2を発現するように改変されたK562であり、IL13Rα2陰性腫瘍標的対照はK562親系統であった(図7A)。IL13(EQ)BBγ/CD19t+のHD006.5、及びHD187.1を、上記のように、同じIL13Rα2陽性、及び陰性標的を用いて、10E:1T比で一晩の共培養後の、抗原依存性サイトカイン産生について、評価した。サイトカインレベルは、Bio-PlexProヒトサイトカインTH1/TH2アッセイキットを用いて測定した、INF−γレベルを示す(図7B)。
[0082] 以下に記載の実験は、IL13(EQ)BBγ/CD19t+TCMがインビボマウスモデルで抗腫瘍効果を示すことを実証する。具体的には、我々は、EGFP、及びホタルルシフェラーゼ(ffLuc)レポーター遺伝子をともに発現するように改変したIL13Rα2+初代低−継代膠芽細胞腫腫瘍球系PBT030−2(PBT030−2 EGFP:ffLuc)に対する、IL13(EQ)BBγ/CD19t+TCMの抗腫瘍効力を評価した(6)。患者の神経膠芽細胞腫標本由来の一次系統(PBT)のパネルは、無血清培地中で、腫瘍球(TS)として増殖した。当該増殖TS系は、幹細胞マーカーの発現、多細胞分化、及び少細胞数での免疫無防備マウス(NSG)の同所性腫瘍の開始能を含む、幹細胞様の特徴を示す。以前、PBT030−2EGFP:ffLucTS開始異種移植片モデル(0.1×106細胞;5日生着)を用いて評価した、IL−13Rα2特異的CAR発現T細胞の、NSGマウスでのインビボ抗腫瘍活性から、2×106細胞溶解性Tリンパ球(CTL)を2週間で3回注入すると、腫瘍増殖が低下することが示されている。しかし、当該実験では、PBT030−2腫瘍の大部分が、最終的に再発した。対照的に、IL13(EQ)BBγ/CD19t+TCM(1.1×106CAR+TCM;2×106全TCM)の単一回注射は、PBT030−2EGFP:ffLucTS開始腫瘍(0.1×106細胞;5日生着)に対して、図8A〜Cに示すように、安定した抗腫瘍活性を示した。IL13(EQ)BBγ/CD19t+TCMは、PBS、又はモック(mock)形質導入TCM(CAR無し)で処置したNSGマウスと比較して、ffLucフラックス(flux)を有意に減少させ(p<0.001、>18日)、生存率を有意に改善する(p=0.0008)。
[0084] 以下に記載の試験では、IL13(EQ)BBζ+Tcmと、以前作製された、IL13Rα2特異的ヒトCD8+CTL(IL13−ゼータカインCD8+CTL(非特許文献4、及び9に記載))を比較した。IL13−ゼータカインは、CD3ζ刺激ドメインを用いるが、共刺激ドメインが欠損し、IL13(EQ)BBζ+と同じIL13変異体を用いる。IL13−ゼータカインは、CD3ζ刺激ドメインを用いるが、共刺激ドメインを欠き、IL13(EQ)BBζ+と同じIL13変異体を用いる。
[0088] 以下は、侵襲性原発性PBT系統に対する抗腫瘍活性について、静脈内(i.v.)、又は頭蓋内(i.c.)の送達経路を比較する試験である。パイロット実験(データ示さず)では、予想外に、静脈内PBT030−2EGFP:ffLuc腫瘍治療用PBSと比較して、IL13(EQ)BBζ+Tcm投与の治療効果は得られなかった。これは、頭蓋内投与したCAR+T細胞で観察された、頑強な治療効果とは対照的である。5日目のPBT030−2腫瘍の大きさでは小さすぎて、末梢から治療用T細胞を補充できないと推論し、19日目のより大きいPBT030−2EGFP:ffLuc腫瘍に対する、静脈内送達対頭蓋内送達を、比較した。当該実験のため、PBT030−2移植マウスを、IL13(EQ)BBZ+Tcm、又はモックTcm(CAR無し)について、2回の静脈内注入(5×106CAR+Tcm;19、及び26日目)、又は4回の頭蓋内注入(1×106CAR+Tcm;19、22、26、及び29日目)で処置した。ここでも、静脈内投与されたCAR+T細胞に対する、Xenogenイメージング、又はカプランマイヤー生存分析によって治療上の利益はモニターされなかった(図12A、及び12B)。対照的に、頭蓋内投与したIL13(EQ)BBζ+Tcmでは、強力な抗腫瘍活性が観察された(図12A〜B)。次に、T細胞注入後7日目のマウス集団から脳を採取し、IHCでCD3+ヒトT細胞について評価した。驚くべきことに、モックTcm、又はIL13(EQ)BBζTcmのいずれかで静脈内処置したマウスでは、腫瘍、又はヒトT細胞が通常存在するマウス脳領域(すなわち、軟髄膜)では、検出可能なCD3+ヒトT細胞は存在せず(図12C)、これより、腫瘍親和性(tropism)の欠損が示唆された。これは、頭蓋内処置したマウスで検出された、有意数のT細胞とは対照的である(図12D)。
[0090] 様々な共刺激ドメインを評価するために、一連の実験を行った。共刺激ドメインがない第1世代CD3ζCAR、4−1BB共刺激ドメイン、又はCD28共刺激ドメインのいずれかを組み込んだ2つの第2世代CAR、及びCD28共刺激ドメイン、及び41BB共刺激ドメインをともに含有する第3世代CARを含む、評価した様々なCARを、図14Aに模式的に示した。全てのCAR構築物はまた、形質導入細胞のマーカーとして、T2Aリボソームスキップ配列、及び切断型CD19(CD19t)配列を含む。
[0094] IL13(EQ)BBζ/CD19tの完全アミノ酸配列を図17に示す。全配列(配列番号1)は、22アミノ酸のGMCSFシグナルペプチド(配列番号2)、112アミノ酸のIL−13配列(配列番号3;アミノ酸置換E13Yを太字で示す);229アミノ酸のIgG4配列(配列番号4;太字で示す、アミノ酸置換L235E、及びN297Qがある);22アミノ酸のCD4膜貫通配列(配列番号5);42アミノ酸4−1BB配列(配列番号6);3アミノ酸のGlyリンカー;112アミノ酸のCD3ζ配列(配列番号7);24アミノ酸T2A配列(配列番号8);及び、323アミノ酸のCD19t配列(配列番号9);を含む。
[0097] 図19〜26は、特定の細胞内ドメインの間に位置するGlyGlyGlyスペーサーを除き、様々なドメインが各々標識される場合の、IL13Rα2に対するさらなるCARのアミノ酸配列を示す。各々、GluがTyrに置換された、ヒトIL13(配列番号3;アミノ酸置換E13Yが強調される)が含まれる。当該CAR発現用の発現ベクターでは、発現されるアミノ酸配列は、24アミノ酸T2A配列(配列番号8);及び323アミノ酸のCD19t配列(配列番号9)、を含むことができ、これにより、CAR発現細胞の表面上で、切断型CD19配列の協調的発現が可能となる。
Claims (14)
- キメラ抗原受容体であって、以下の、
(i)配列番号3を含む、結合ドメイン;
(ii)配列番号4、20、50又は51を含む、スペーサードメイン;
(iii)CD4膜貫通ドメイン;
(iv)単一の4−IBB共刺激ドメイン;及び、
(v)CD3ζシグナル伝達ドメイン;
を含み、前記キメラ抗原レセプターは配列番号10を含むキメラ抗原レセプターではない、キメラ抗原受容体。 - GMCSFRaシグナル配列をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の、キメラ抗原受容体。
- GMCSFRaシグナル配列が配列番号2を含む、請求項2記載の、キメラ抗原受容体。
- T2Aリボソームスキップをさらに含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の、キメラ抗原受容体。
- T2Aリボソームスキップ配列は配列番号8を含む、請求項4に記載の、キメラ抗原受容体。
- 切断型CD19をさらに含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項記載の、キメラ抗原受容体。
- 切断型CD19が配列番号9を含む、請求項6記載の、キメラ抗原受容体。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載のキメラ抗原受容体を発現する、ヒトT細胞集団。
- T細胞が中央記憶T細胞を含む、請求項8に記載の、ヒトT細胞集団。
- 請求項8又は9に記載のヒトT細胞集団を含む、患者のがんの治療に用いる、組成物。
- ヒトT細胞が、患者の自己由来である、請求項10に記載の、組成物。
- ヒトT細胞が、患者の同種異系である、請求項10に記載の、組成物。
- 前記がんが、膠芽細胞腫である、請求項10〜12のいずれか一項に記載の、組成物。
- キメラ抗原受容体であって、以下の、
(i)配列番号3を含む、結合ドメイン;
(ii)配列番号4,20,50又は51を含む、スペーサードメイン;
(iii)配列番号5を含む、CD4膜貫通ドメイン;
(iv)配列番号29を含む、単一の4−IBB共刺激ドメイン;及び、
(v)配列番号49を含む、CD3ζシグナル伝達ドメイン;
を含み、前記キメラ抗原レセプターは配列番号10を含むキメラ抗原レセプターではない、キメラ抗原受容体。
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