JP6979484B2 - 2,3−ブタンジオール生産用の組換え微生物および2,3−ブタンジオールの生産方法 - Google Patents
2,3−ブタンジオール生産用の組換え微生物および2,3−ブタンジオールの生産方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6979484B2 JP6979484B2 JP2020099364A JP2020099364A JP6979484B2 JP 6979484 B2 JP6979484 B2 JP 6979484B2 JP 2020099364 A JP2020099364 A JP 2020099364A JP 2020099364 A JP2020099364 A JP 2020099364A JP 6979484 B2 JP6979484 B2 JP 6979484B2
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Description
一、菌種の培養方法
特に指定しない限り、本発明の組換え菌株の培養方法は、ルリア・ベルターニ(LB)または酵母エキスペプトン(YPD)培地中で、室温または30℃で約18〜24時間培養する。
本発明の組換え菌株を構築するため、まず初めに、標的遺伝子を含むDNAフラグメントのポリメラーゼ連鎖反応により増幅するための鋳型として、全ての菌体染色体を抽出する。全ての菌体染色体の抽出方法は、長期保存を必要とする全ての菌体染色体DNAに適している。例えば、Qiagen DNeasy Plant Mini Kitなどの市販の染色体抽出キットを使用することができる。詳しい抽出手順を以下に説明する。
本発明に記載されるポリメラーゼ連鎖反応は、当業者であれば容易に理解し適用可能な実験方法である。また、本発明のポリメラーゼ連鎖反応に用いられるポリメラーゼは、Phusion High Fidelity DNA Polymerase(Thermo Scientific, Vilnius, Lithuania, USA)である。反応手順として、始めに95℃で5分間反応させてから、以下の手順を35〜40回繰り返す。95℃で30秒〜3分(コロニーを直接テンプレートとして使用する場合は10分まで延長)、50〜62℃で30秒(グラジエント設定、または実験条件に応じて温度設定値を変更する)、72℃で90〜120秒(増幅されたフラグメントの長さに応じて15〜30秒/kb)。上記のサイクルの後、反応を最終的に72℃で5〜10分間行い、その後、4℃まで冷却する。
本発明に記載されるポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(PCR)産物の電気泳動分析は、当業者であれば容易に理解し適用可能な実験方法である。本発明の電気泳動分析は、PCR産物を10μL採取し、1%のアガロースゲル(agarose gel)で電気泳動分析(135V)し、臭化エチジウム(ethidium bromide,0.5μL/mL)で30分間染色した後、10分間蒸留水で脱染し、紫外線イメージングで分析および記録写真を撮る。
本発明は、相同組換え遺伝子ノックアウト法を用いて組換え株を構築するものであり、菌体内の内因性リコンビナーゼを用いて標的遺伝子の上流と下流の配列を相同組換えした後、カウンターセレクション(counter−selection)を経て、2回目の相同組換え後に改変プラスチド(抗生物質耐性遺伝子を含む)の配列が消失した組換え株を選択する。選択される組換え株の抗生物質耐性遺伝子はプラスチド消失(plasmid loss)とともに消失するため、選択される組換え株は薬剤に対して耐性がないものとなる。もし2回の相同組換え後に元の野生型株の配列が染色体上に残っている場合、プラスチドの除去後、その株は復帰株(revertant)と呼ばれる野生型株に戻る。
(a)ストレプトマイシン天然突然変異体を選択する
(b)最初の相同組換え株を選択するために接合を行う
(c)2回目の相同組換え株を得るためにカウンターセレクションを行う
(d)遺伝子突然変異の位置を確認する
本発明は、細菌培養液の成分を薄膜クロマトグラフィーで分離し、バニリン(vanillin)で着色することからなる2,3−ブタンジオール(2,3−BDO)の特定の定量法を含む。詳細な反応条件は以下の通りである。薄層クロマトグラフィー(thin layer chromatography,TLC)プレート(Pre−activated silica TLC plate,Sigma−Aldrich)を用いて、5μLのサンプルをプレートの一端に滴下し、移動相としてヘキサン:酢酸エチル:氷酢酸=70:30:1.5を用いてクロマトグラフィー分析を行う。40分後、移動相がプレートの上部に移動したら、プレートに表示剤(バニリン:硫酸:エタノール=0.5g:1ml:9ml;Sigma−Aldrich)をスプレーする。その後、110℃で5分ほど焼くと色が観察できる。試験後、2,3−BDOのみが青色を示し、グルコースは暗褐色を示し、アセチルエタノールやジアセチルなどの他のものは発色しないため、この定量法は2,3−BDOに固有のものである。
上記のポリメラーゼ連鎖反応により、標的遺伝子の上流と下流の約1,000塩基対(base pair,bp)のDNAフラグメントが増幅される。ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応で使用したプライマー配列を表1に示す。
表1. ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応で使用されるプライマー配列
表2.各標的遺伝子の上流フラグメントと下流のフラグメントを結合した後、埋め込まれた自殺性プラスチド
准教授より提供された。710bpのgalU遺伝子を欠失させた1.8kbのDNAフラグメントを含むpKAS46遺伝子プラスチド(pYC094と命名)も提供された。
表3. pG−D2とpKAS46−D2の比較表。
実施例1における異なる標的遺伝子を有する突然変異組換えプラスチドはそれぞれ、形質転換(transformation)によって大腸菌E. coli S17−1 λpirに入れられ、突然変異のための組換えプラスチドを含む大腸菌株を得る。次に、上記の相同組換え遺伝子ノックアウト法に従って、標的遺伝子を含む組換え株を構築する。
表4. 異なる標的遺伝子の突然変異に使用されるプラスチドの菌株と接合におけるレシピエント株と、接合と選択により構築される組換え菌株
表5. 各PCRプライマー配列と配列番号
野生型株S1および実施例2の組換え株6株(S1U1、S1U1D1、S1U1D2、S1U1D3、S1U1D4、およびS1U1D5)を、それぞれ5%グルコースを含むM9培地中で、200rpm、30℃のインキュベーターで振盪し培養した。2時間ごとに菌液のOD595吸光度を測定した。成長曲線は図10に示す。組換え株S1U1、S1U1D1、S1U1D2、S1U1D3、およびS1U1D4の成長速度に大きな差はなく、組換え株S1U1D5の成長速度だけが最初の30時間では他の菌株に比べてわずかに遅いが、30時間後の成長速度は同程度である。また、図11に示すように、野生型株S1とS1U1の成長曲線には大きな差はなく、S1U1のみが成長後期(4時間以上)にわずかに遅れているが、これによって組換え株の成長速度は、それに含まれる遺伝子組換えの影響を受けていないことを示す。
表6. S1U1およびその他の遺伝子組換え株S1U1D1、S1U1D2、S1U1D3、S1U1D4、およびS1U1D5の、異なる時間での2,3−BDO生産量
各遺伝子組換え株を、5%グルコースを含むM9培養液に30℃で培養し、菌液のpH値をサンプリングして測定した結果を図16に示す。結果として、最初の6時間の培養では、菌株間のpH値に明らかな差はないが、菌株培養の24時間頃から、明かなpH値に差が現われる。また、S1U1D3およびS1U1D2のpH値は、平均して最も高いpH5以上であるのに対し、S1U1は最も低くpH4以下であることから、組換え株は発酵環境の酸性化を遅らせる効果があることを示している。
Claims (1)
- 2,3−ブタンジオールを生産する組換え微生物であって、2,3−ブタンジオールを生産する当該組換え微生物はクレブシエラ属菌(Klebsiella sp.)であり、酸性環境でも2,3−ブタンジオールを生産することができ、
2,3−ブタンジオールを生産する当該組換え微生物は、少なくとも、ウリジン二リン酸グルコースリン酸ウラニルトランスフェラーゼ遺伝子(galU)と、アセチルアルコール脱水素酵素遺伝子(acoA)と、リン酸アセチルトランスフェラーゼ遺伝子(pta)が改変され、当該改変は欠失である。
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