JP6935667B2 - 成膜方法 - Google Patents
成膜方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6935667B2 JP6935667B2 JP2016199162A JP2016199162A JP6935667B2 JP 6935667 B2 JP6935667 B2 JP 6935667B2 JP 2016199162 A JP2016199162 A JP 2016199162A JP 2016199162 A JP2016199162 A JP 2016199162A JP 6935667 B2 JP6935667 B2 JP 6935667B2
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 91
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims description 36
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 114
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 75
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 44
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 40
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 12
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 10
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
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- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 4
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum nitride Chemical compound [Ta]#N MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium titanate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEIMLTQPLAGXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-I tantalum(v) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Ta](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl OEIMLTQPLAGXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
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- C23C16/0281—Deposition of sub-layers, e.g. to promote the adhesion of the main coating of metallic sub-layers
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- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/28—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
- H01L21/283—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current
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- H01L21/28506—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation of conductive layers
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- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
- H01L21/76838—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the conductors
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- Electrodes Of Semiconductors (AREA)
Description
例えば特許文献1には、プラズマ化した反応ガス(特許文献1では「第2の処理材料」と記載)を用いて、原料ガス(同じく「第1の処理材料」と記載)との反応を促進するプラズマALD法が記載されている。
また発明者らは、プラズマALD法を利用して得られた膜の電気的な特性の良否を判断する指標として、膜の表面粗さ(以下、「ラフネス」ともいう)に着目した。
成膜対象の基板が配置された処理容器内に前記原料ガスを供給すると共に、当該原料ガスをプラズマ化させて化学気相堆積(プラズマCVD)法により前記基板の表面に前記金属膜である下層膜を形成するプラズマCVD工程と、
次いで、前記処理容器内へ前記原料ガスを供給し、前記下層膜が形成された前記基板の表面に当該原料ガスを吸着させる吸着段階と、前記処理容器内へ前記反応ガスを供給すると共に、当該反応ガスをプラズマ化させ、前記基板の表面に吸着した前記原料ガスに、プラズマ化した前記反応ガスを反応させる反応段階と、を交互に実施する原子層堆積(プラズマALD)法により、前記下層膜上に前記金属膜であり、当該下層膜と共通の材料からなる上層膜を積層するプラズマALD工程と、を含み、
前記下層膜と上層膜とは、前記上層膜の上層側に配線材料が形成された後、この配線材料が前記下層膜の下層側へ拡散することを抑えるためのバリア膜を構成することを特徴とする。
また、多層配線構造の半導体装置においては、上記配線のさらに上層側に積層された層間絶縁膜にも配線間の接続用のビアホールが形成され、当該ビアホール内にもバリア膜などの目的でTi膜53が形成される場合がある(多層配線構造については不図示)。
そこで発明者らは、ステップカバレッジの良好な膜が得られるプラズマALD法を利用してTi膜53の成膜を行うことを検討した。
発明者らは、ラフネスの大きなTi膜53を用いると、コンタクトホール50を介したSi基板51−配線間のコンタクト抵抗が大きくなるなど、電気的特性が悪化することを把握している。
図2(a)は、吸着段階を実施し、Si基板51(ウエハW)の表面に原料ガスのTiCl481が吸着した状態を示している。
しかしながら、吸着段階後の実際のSi基板51の表面においては、吸着したTiCl481同士の間に隙間があり、Si基板51の表面の一部が露出した状態となっている。
一方で、図2(b)に示すように、露出しているSi基板51の表面が反応ガスのプラズマに曝され、Hラジカル801などがSi基板51に作用すると、Si基板51の表面の一部が削られて凹部が形成される。また、TiCl481が還元されて得られたTi804の一部は、Si基板51を構成するSi803と結合し、プラズマに対して安定なTiSi82などの化合物を部分的に生成する。なお、802はTiCl481から還元除去されたClやHClである。
このような凹凸が形成されたSi基板51の表面に、プラズマALD法により金属チタンを積層してTi膜53を形成すると、図2(c)に示すように下地側のSi基板51の凹凸が、Ti膜53の表面にも凹凸として反映され、ラフネスが大きくなってしまうものと推測される。
以下、図3を参照しながら上記成膜方法を実施するための成膜装置の構成例について説明する。
処理容器1は支持部材23の周囲を囲み、支持台232に接続されたベローズ231により気密に保たれている。また載置台2の下方側には、載置台2に設けられた貫通口を介して載置台2の上面から突出し、ウエハWを持ち上げるための昇降自在な複数本の支持ピン25が設けられている。
支持板32には、前記拡散部311に水素ガスとプラズマ形成用のアルゴンガスとを含む反応ガスを供給するための反応ガス供給路321、及び同じく拡散部311に塩化チタンガス及び希釈用のアルゴンガスとを含む原料ガスを供給するための原料ガス供給路322が形成されている。
はじめに、排気部65によって予め真空排気された処理容器1内にて、載置台2を受け渡し位置まで降下させ、ゲートバルブ12を開放し、外部の真空搬送室に設けられたウエハ搬送機構の搬送アームを処理容器1内に進入させる。搬送アームには、成膜対象のウエハWが保持されており、支持ピン25を上昇させて搬送アームからウエハWを受け取る。しかる後、支持ピン25を降下させ、不図示のヒーターによって予め設定された成膜温度に昇温された載置台2上にウエハWを載置する。
ここで、本例の成膜方法においては、図4に示すように、プラズマCVD工程と、プラズマALD工程との2段階に分けてTi膜53の成膜が行われる。
なお、後述のプラズマALD工程の吸着段階や反応段階においても、拡散部311へ流れ込んだ各種のガスは、図5を用いて説明した例と同様の挙動を示して流れる。
本例では、反応ガスの供給を継続することにより、当該反応ガスを、処理空間313内に残存する原料ガスをパージするパージガスとしても利用している。但し、反応ガスと切り替えて窒素ガスなどの不活性ガス(下層膜53Aと反応しない不活性ガスを選択することが好ましい)をパージガスとして供給してもよいことは勿論である。
図8(b)に示すように、処理空間313に供給された原料ガス中のTiCl481は、Si基板51上に形成された下層膜53Aの表面に吸着する。
成膜条件を種々変化させてSi基板51の表面にTi膜53を成膜し、各Ti膜53のラフネスを確認した。
A.実験条件
図3に示す枚葉式の成膜装置を用い、真空排気された処理容器1内にウエハWを配置すると共に、四塩化チタンとアルゴンガスとを含む原料ガスと、及び水素とアルゴンガスとを含む反応ガスとを用い、プラズマCVD法、プラズマALD法の実施条件を変化させて成膜を行った。原子間力顕微鏡(AFM:Atomic Force Microscope)を用いてTi膜53の表面を測定した結果に基づき、各手法にて成膜したTi膜53についての単位面積当たりの二乗平均粗さ(RMS:Root Mean Square)、算術平均粗さ(Sa)、最大高さ粗さ(Sz)を求めた。
(実施例1)プラズマCVD工程(高周波電源部661からの印加電力300W)にて厚さ1nmの下層膜53Aを形成した後、プラズマALD工程(同じく印加電力800W)にて厚さ5nmの上層膜53Bを形成してTi膜53を得た。処理容器1内の圧力は1.88torr(250Pa)、成膜温度は420℃である。また原料ガスの供給流量は四塩化チタン/アルゴン=14.7sccm/300sccm、反応ガスの供給流量は水素/アルゴン=7000sccm/300sccmであり、プラズマALD工程の吸着段階における原料ガスの供給時間は0.05秒、反応段階における高周波電力の印加時間は1秒とした。
(比較例1−1)プラズマCVD工程を実施せず、プラズマALD法のみにより6nmのTi膜53を成膜した。プラズマALD法の実施条件は実施例1と同様である。
(比較例1−2)プラズマCVD工程に替えて、高周波電源部661からの印加電力を300WとしたプラズマALD法により、厚さ1nmの下層膜53Aを形成し、その後、実施例1と同様の条件で厚さ5nmの上層膜53Bを形成しTi膜53を得た。
(参照例1)プラズマCVD法のみにより厚さ6nmのTi膜53を成膜した。高周波電源部661からの印加電力を1500Wとした点を除いて、プラズマCVD法の実施条件は実施例1と同様である。Si基板51との相互作用(Si基板51の表面が削れることによる凹部の形成や、Si基板51の表面に化合物が形成されることに伴う凸部の形成)が小さい本法を基準にして、各実施例、比較例にて得られたTi膜53のラフネスを評価する。
各実施例、比較例、参照例にて得られたTi膜53のラフネスの算出結果を表1に示す。また、実施例1、比較例1−1にて得られたTi膜53をTEM(Transmission Electron Microscope)により撮像した結果を各々、図9(a)、(b)に示す。
上記実施例、比較例の結果によれば、プラズマCVD工程により下層膜53Aを形成した後、プラズマALD工程により上層膜53Bを形成して、Ti膜53の成膜を行う本例の成膜方法は、ラフネスの良好な膜を得るうえで好適な成膜方法であると評価できる。
コンタクトホール50が形成されたSi基板51の表面にTi膜53を成膜してステップカバレッジの状態を確認した。
A.実験条件
開口径12nm、アスペクト比17のコンタクトホール50が形成されたSi基板51に対し、実施例1、比較例1−1と同様の手法でTi膜53の成膜を行い、コンタクトホール50の内部におけるTi膜53の膜厚を測定した。
(実施例2)実施例1と同様の手法によりTi膜53を成膜した。
(参照例2)比較例1−1と同様の手法によりTi膜53を成膜した。既述のようにプラズマALD法はステップカバレッジの良好な成膜方法であるので、本法により得られたTi膜53を基準として実施例2のステップカバレッジを評価する。
実施例2、参照例2のTEM画像を各々図10、図11に示す。これらの図には、Si基板51の表面(フィールド部)、コンタクトホール50の上部側面(ネック部−トップサイド部)、コンタクトホール50の中間部側面(ミドルサイド部)、コンタクトホール50の下部側面(ボトムサイド部)、及びコンタクトホール50の底面(ボトム部)の拡大画像を併せて示してある。また、拡大画像に適宜、併記した数値は、各部におけるTi膜53の膜厚、及びフィールド部のTi膜53の膜厚に対する各部のTi膜53の膜厚の比をパーセント表示したものである。
1 処理容器
2 載置台
31 天板部材
313 処理空間
41 ガス分散部
42 シャワーヘッド
50 コンタクトホール
51 Si基板
52 SiN膜
53 Ti膜
53A 下層膜
53B 上層膜
661 高周波電源部
7 制御部
Claims (6)
- 金属元素を含む原料ガスと、この原料ガスと反応する反応ガスとを利用して、基板に対して前記金属元素の金属膜の成膜を行う成膜方法において、
成膜対象の基板が配置された処理容器内に前記原料ガスを供給すると共に、当該原料ガスをプラズマ化させて化学気相堆積(プラズマCVD)法により前記基板の表面に前記金属膜である下層膜を形成するプラズマCVD工程と、
次いで、前記処理容器内へ前記原料ガスを供給し、前記下層膜が形成された前記基板の表面に当該原料ガスを吸着させる吸着段階と、前記処理容器内へ前記反応ガスを供給すると共に、当該反応ガスをプラズマ化させ、前記基板の表面に吸着した前記原料ガスに、プラズマ化した前記反応ガスを反応させる反応段階と、を交互に実施する原子層堆積(プラズマALD)法により、前記下層膜上に前記金属膜であり、当該下層膜と共通の材料からなる上層膜を積層するプラズマALD工程と、を含み、
前記下層膜と上層膜とは、前記上層膜の上層側に配線材料が形成された後、この配線材料が前記下層膜の下層側へ拡散することを抑えるためのバリア膜を構成することを特徴とする成膜方法。 - 前記プラズマCVD工程では、前記原料ガスに加えて、前記処理容器内に前記反応ガスを供給し、前記下層膜の形成は、前記原料ガスと前記反応ガスとをプラズマ化させて行なわれることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の成膜方法。
- 高周波電力の印加によって前記各ガスのプラズマ化が行われ、
前記プラズマCVD工程にて印加される高周波電力は、前記プラズマALD工程にて印加される高周波電力よりも小さいことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の成膜方法。 - 前記プラズマCVD工程が、前記下層膜が3nm以下の予め設定された膜厚となるまでの期間行われた後、前記プラズマALD工程を実施することを特徴とする請求項1ないし3のいずれか一つに記載の成膜方法。
- 前記原料ガスはTiCl4を含み、前記反応ガスにはH2を含むことを特徴とする請求項1ないし4のいずれか一つに記載の成膜方法。
- 前記上層膜および前記下層膜はTiの金属膜であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし5のいずれか一つに記載の成膜方法。
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