JP6817811B2 - 内燃機関の運転方法 - Google Patents
内燃機関の運転方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6817811B2 JP6817811B2 JP2016530478A JP2016530478A JP6817811B2 JP 6817811 B2 JP6817811 B2 JP 6817811B2 JP 2016530478 A JP2016530478 A JP 2016530478A JP 2016530478 A JP2016530478 A JP 2016530478A JP 6817811 B2 JP6817811 B2 JP 6817811B2
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 125
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 83
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 57
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002089 NOx Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
- F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
- F01N11/007—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring oxygen or air concentration downstream of the exhaust apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
- F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/146—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration
- F02D41/1461—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration of the exhaust gases emitted by the engine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2550/00—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
- F01N2550/02—Catalytic activity of catalytic converters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
- F01N2560/026—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting NOx
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2250/00—Engine control related to specific problems or objectives
- F02D2250/36—Control for minimising NOx emissions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D41/0027—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures the fuel being gaseous
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
Description
4NO+4NH3+O2→4N2+6H2O
NO+2NH3+NO2→2N2+3H2O
11 エンジン
12 シリンダー
13 排気ガス後処理システム
14 排気ガス後処理構成要素
15 センサー
16 特性曲線
17 特性曲線
18 特性曲線
19 特性曲線
Claims (4)
- ガス状でメタンを含む燃料を燃焼させる火花点火ガスエンジンを持つ内燃機関(10)の運転方法であって、該内燃機関は少なくとも一つのエンジン(11)及び排気ガス後処理システム(13)を有しており、燃料燃焼の際に前記エンジン(11)内で発生する排気ガスは浄化のために前記排気ガス後処理システム(13)を介して導かれる運転方法において、排気ガス実際値が特定され、該排気ガス実際値は前記排気ガス後処理システム(13)の排気ガス後処理構成要素(14)の上流における排気ガスの窒素酸化物内の二酸化窒素割合の実際値に依存しており、また、前記排気ガス後処理構成要素(14)を最適化して運転するために前記二酸化窒素割合の実際値が、対応する二酸化窒素割合の基準値に近似するよう、ラムダ値、及び/又は、点火時期、及び/又は、バルブタイミング、及び/又は、エンジン圧縮比、及び/又は、エンジン燃焼室内に導入される排気ガス割合を含む前記エンジン(11)の運転パラメータの少なくとも一つが変更され、前記二酸化窒素割合の基準値が前記エンジン(11)の少なくとも一つの運転パラメータに依存して決定され、前記排気ガス実際値として、前記排気ガス後処理システム(13)の排気ガス後処理構成要素(14)の下流においてNOxセンサーを用いてNOx実際値が測定技術的に測定され、この排気ガス実際値に依存して、前記排気ガス後処理構成要素(14)の上流における排気ガス内の二酸化窒素割合の実際値が特定され、この二酸化窒素割合の実際値が前記二酸化窒素割合の基準値と比較され、この比較に依存して、前記二酸化窒素割合の実際値が前記二酸化窒素割合の基準値に近似するように、前記エンジン(11)の少なくとも一つの運転パラメータが変更され、排気ガス内の二酸化窒素割合の基準値は、この基準値に依存して変更された前記エンジン(11)の少なくとも一つの運転パラメータが、前記エンジン(11)のエンジン出口NOxエミッションを最大15%低下させるように選ばれることを特徴とする、方法。
- 排気ガス実際値が特定され、該排気ガス実際値は、前記排気ガス後処理システム(13)のSCR触媒の上流における排気ガス内の窒素酸化物の二酸化窒素割合の実際値に依存していることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 排気ガス実際値が特定され、該排気ガス実際値は、前記排気ガス後処理システム(13)の粒子フィルターの上流における排気ガス内の窒素酸化物の二酸化窒素割合の実際値に依存していることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 排気ガス実際値が特定され、該排気ガス実際値は、前記排気ガス後処理システム(13)のNOx吸蔵触媒の上流における排気ガス内の窒素酸化物の二酸化窒素割合の実際値に依存していることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102013012566.9 | 2013-07-29 | ||
DE102013012566.9A DE102013012566A1 (de) | 2013-07-29 | 2013-07-29 | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine |
PCT/EP2014/066196 WO2015014805A1 (de) | 2013-07-29 | 2014-07-28 | Verfahren zum betreiben einer brennkraftmaschine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2016532810A JP2016532810A (ja) | 2016-10-20 |
JP6817811B2 true JP6817811B2 (ja) | 2021-01-20 |
Family
ID=51229912
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP2016530478A Active JP6817811B2 (ja) | 2013-07-29 | 2014-07-28 | 内燃機関の運転方法 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9803575B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3063394A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6817811B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101822762B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN105492745B (ja) |
DE (1) | DE102013012566A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2015014805A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102020204932A1 (de) * | 2019-07-24 | 2021-01-28 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Verbrennungsmotors sowie Verbrennungsmotor |
Family Cites Families (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR2569847B1 (fr) | 1984-08-31 | 1988-02-05 | Thomson Csf | Dispositif de detection et de localisation d'entree d'eau pour flute marine |
US5524432A (en) * | 1991-08-01 | 1996-06-11 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides in methane-fueled engine exhaust by controlled methane injections |
JP3116876B2 (ja) | 1997-05-21 | 2000-12-11 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関 |
GB9802504D0 (en) * | 1998-02-06 | 1998-04-01 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Improvements in emission control |
JP3812302B2 (ja) * | 2000-07-31 | 2006-08-23 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
DE10111586A1 (de) * | 2001-03-10 | 2002-09-12 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren zum Betrieb von Brennkraftmaschinen |
WO2004018850A1 (ja) * | 2002-08-26 | 2004-03-04 | Hitachi, Ltd. | ディーゼルエンジンの排気ガス浄化装置および排気ガス浄化方法 |
JP4107017B2 (ja) * | 2002-09-02 | 2008-06-25 | 三菱ふそうトラック・バス株式会社 | エンジン制御装置 |
US6701707B1 (en) * | 2002-09-04 | 2004-03-09 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Exhaust emission diagnostics |
DE102005049655A1 (de) * | 2005-10-18 | 2007-04-19 | Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag | Verfahren zur Vermeidung von unerwünschten NO2-Emissionen bei Brennkraftmaschinen |
CA2534031C (en) * | 2006-02-03 | 2008-06-10 | Westport Research Inc. | Method and apparatus for operating a methane-fuelled engine and treating exhaust gas with a methane oxidation catalyst |
JP4844467B2 (ja) * | 2007-05-07 | 2011-12-28 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
JP4274270B2 (ja) | 2007-06-26 | 2009-06-03 | いすゞ自動車株式会社 | NOx浄化システム及びNOx浄化システムの制御方法 |
US20090035194A1 (en) | 2007-07-31 | 2009-02-05 | Caterpillar Inc. | Exhaust treatment system with an oxidation device for NO2 control |
DE102008005640A1 (de) * | 2008-01-23 | 2009-07-30 | Daimler Ag | Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Stickstoffdioxidkonzentration in Abgasen |
EP2252778A1 (en) * | 2008-02-07 | 2010-11-24 | Mack Trucks, Inc. | Method and apparatus for no2-based regeneration of diesel particulate filters using recirculated nox |
CN102414405B (zh) | 2009-04-28 | 2014-01-22 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 发动机的排气净化装置 |
JP2012031787A (ja) * | 2010-07-30 | 2012-02-16 | Toyota Motor Corp | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置及び方法 |
JP2012036837A (ja) * | 2010-08-06 | 2012-02-23 | Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Corp | 排気浄化装置の診断装置 |
US8745969B2 (en) * | 2010-09-08 | 2014-06-10 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Methods for engine exhaust NOx control using no oxidation in the engine |
DE102010040678A1 (de) | 2010-09-14 | 2012-03-15 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zur Überwachung der Schadstoff-Konvertierungsfähigkeit in einem Abgasnachbehandlungssystem |
DE102010050406A1 (de) | 2010-11-04 | 2012-05-10 | Daimler Ag | Kraftfahrzeug-Brennkraftmaschine und Betriebsverfahren für eine Kraftfahrzeug-Brennkraftmaschine |
JP5366988B2 (ja) * | 2011-02-09 | 2013-12-11 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化システム |
US8813479B2 (en) * | 2011-05-09 | 2014-08-26 | General Electric Company | Emissions control diagnostic method and system |
DE102013220666B4 (de) * | 2013-06-13 | 2023-07-27 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Abgasnachbehandlung in einem Abgassystem |
-
2013
- 2013-07-29 DE DE102013012566.9A patent/DE102013012566A1/de active Pending
-
2014
- 2014-07-28 WO PCT/EP2014/066196 patent/WO2015014805A1/de active Application Filing
- 2014-07-28 US US14/908,602 patent/US9803575B2/en active Active
- 2014-07-28 KR KR1020167005333A patent/KR101822762B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2014-07-28 JP JP2016530478A patent/JP6817811B2/ja active Active
- 2014-07-28 CN CN201480043081.1A patent/CN105492745B/zh active Active
- 2014-07-28 EP EP14744553.0A patent/EP3063394A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20160035073A (ko) | 2016-03-30 |
US9803575B2 (en) | 2017-10-31 |
CN105492745B (zh) | 2018-12-07 |
DE102013012566A1 (de) | 2015-01-29 |
KR101822762B1 (ko) | 2018-01-26 |
EP3063394A1 (de) | 2016-09-07 |
WO2015014805A1 (de) | 2015-02-05 |
CN105492745A (zh) | 2016-04-13 |
JP2016532810A (ja) | 2016-10-20 |
US20160160774A1 (en) | 2016-06-09 |
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