JP6704625B2 - リチウム二次電池用分離膜及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用分離膜及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6704625B2 JP6704625B2 JP2018539120A JP2018539120A JP6704625B2 JP 6704625 B2 JP6704625 B2 JP 6704625B2 JP 2018539120 A JP2018539120 A JP 2018539120A JP 2018539120 A JP2018539120 A JP 2018539120A JP 6704625 B2 JP6704625 B2 JP 6704625B2
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- secondary battery
- lithium secondary
- gas
- lithium
- separation membrane
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanic acid Chemical compound O[Ti](O)(O)O LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
本出願は、2016年5月30日付韓国特許出願第10−2016−0066720号及び2017年5月30日付韓国特許出願第10−2017−0066899号に基づいた優先権の利益を主張し、当該韓国特許出願の文献に開示されている全ての内容は本明細書の一部として含まれる。
表面に−C−F;及び、−C−OOH及び−C=Oでなる群より選択される1種以上の極性官能基を含む多孔性樹脂を含み、前記極性官能基のうち−C−Fに対する−C−OOH及び−C=Oのモル比は0.2:0.8から0.8:0.2である、リチウム二次電池用分離膜を提供する。
前記リチウム二次電池用分離膜を含むリチウム二次電池を提供する。
(1)N2ガス、O2ガスまたはこれらの混合物とF2ガスを混合して混合ガスを製造するステップ;及び、
(2)前記混合ガスを多孔性樹脂と接触させて前記多孔性樹脂の表面に極性官能基を形成させるステップを含む、リチウム二次電池用分離膜の製造方法を提供する。
本明細書及び特許請求の範囲に用いられた用語や単語は、通常的や辞書的な意味に限定して解釈されてはならず、発明者は自身の発明を最良の方法で説明するために用語の概念を適宜定義することができるという原則に即し、本発明の技術的思想に適合する意味と概念として解釈されなければならない。
表面官能基とリチウムの間の還元反応
(1)mLi++x(−C−F)@表面→(m−1)Li++x(−C−)@表面+xLiF
(2)mLi++x(−C=O)@表面→(m−2)Li++x(−C−)@表面+xLi2
(3)mLi++x(−C−OOH)@表面→(m−3)Li++x(−C−)@表面+xLi2O+xLiOH
多孔性分離膜の表面に−C−F、C=O及び−C−OOHの極性官能基を導入するため、F2、O2及びN2ガスの濃度が部分圧力比で調節された混合ガスで多孔性分離膜を処理した。反応チャンバまたは反応管を含めた全ての反応ラインは、常温でF2ガスに耐食性のあるSUS−316材質を用いた。F2と混合するO2及びN2の混合ガスは、大気(air)の組成と似て2:8の割合で混合し、F2と、O2及びN2の混合ガスの部分圧力を1:9に調節し、バッファタンクで混合して混合処理ガスを製造した。反応チャンバの中に多孔性分離膜(ポリプロピレン/ポリエチレン/ポリプロピレン)を入れ、前記混合処理ガスを加えた。バッファタンクと真空状態の反応チャンバとの間にあるガスバルブで、30KPaの圧力条件になるようにして混合処理ガスの濃度を調節し、反応時間は20分に調節した。前記極性官能基のうち−C−Fに対する−C−OOH及び−C=Oのモル比は0.6:0.4であった。図4に多孔性分離膜のFT−ATRの結果を示した。
前記実施例1で、混合処理ガスの圧力条件を30KPaに代えて50KPaにしたことを除き、実施例1と同様の方法で、多孔性分離膜の表面に−C−F、C=O及び−C−OOHの極性官能基を導入した。前記極性官能基のうち−C−Fに対する−C−OOH及び−C=Oのモル比は0.6:0.4であった。図5に多孔性分離膜のFT−ATRの結果を示した。
前記実施例1で、F2と、O2及びN2の混合ガスの部分圧力を2:8に調節し、バッファタンクで混合して混合処理ガスを製造したことを除き、同様の方法で多孔性分離膜の表面に−C−F、C=O及び−C−OOHの極性官能基を導入した。前記極性官能基のうち−C−Fに対する−C−OOH及び−C=Oのモル比は0.8:0.2であった。
正極活物質としてLiCoO2 94重量%、導電材としてカーボンブラック(carbon black)3重量%、結合剤としてPVdF 3重量%を、溶剤であるN−メチル−2 ピロリドン(NMP)に添加して正極混合物スラリーを製造した。前記正極混合物スラリーを、厚さが20μm程度の正極集電体であるアルミニウム(Al)薄膜に塗布及び乾燥した後、ロールプレス(roll press)を実施して正極を製造した。
前記実施例4における分離膜として、前記実施例1で製造された分離膜に代えて、それぞれ実施例2及び3で製造された分離膜を用いたことを除き、同様の方法でコイン型半電池を製造した。
前記実施例1で、F2と、O2及びN2の混合ガスの部分圧力を3:7に調節し、バッファタンクで混合して混合処理ガスを製造したことを除き、同様の方法で多孔性分離膜の表面に−C−F、C=O及び−C−OOHの極性官能基を導入した。前記極性官能基のうち−C−Fに対する−C−OOH及び−C=Oのモル比は0.9:0.1であった。
前記実施例2で、F2と、O2及びN2の混合ガスの部分圧力を0.5:9.5に調節し、バッファタンクで混合して混合処理ガスを製造したことを除き、同様の方法で多孔性分離膜の表面に−C−F、C=O及び−C−OOHの極性官能基を導入した。前記極性官能基のうち−C−Fに対する−C−OOH及び−C=Oのモル比は0.1:0.9であった。
前記実施例4における分離膜として、実施例1で製造された分離膜に代えて、官能基が導入されていない多孔性分離膜(ポリプロピレン/ポリエチレン/ポリプロピレン)を用いたことを除き、前記実施例4と同様の方法でコイン型半電池を製造した。
前記実施例4における分離膜として、実施例1で製造された分離膜に代えて、それぞれ比較例1及び2で製造された分離膜を用いたことを除き、同様の方法でコイン型半電池を製造した。
実施例1及び2でそれぞれ製造された極性官能基が導入されている多孔性分離膜に対してATR分析(FT−ATR)を行い、その結果をそれぞれ図4及び図5に示した。また、実施例1及び2でそれぞれ製造された極性官能基が導入されている多孔性分離膜の極性官能基の面積当たりの濃度を測定し、その結果を図6に示した。
一方、実施例1及び2でそれぞれ製造された極性官能基が導入されている多孔性分離膜の重量を測定した後、これをそれぞれN,N−ジメチルアセトアミド溶媒に溶解させて極性官能基を除去してから、極性官能基が除去された多孔性分離膜の重量を測定し、重量減少率を計算する方法で極性官能基の総量を測定した。このとき、前記実施例1で混合処理ガスの圧力条件を30KPaの代わりに5KPa及び10KPaでそれぞれ異にしたことを除き、実施例1と同様の方法で、多孔性分離膜の表面に−C−F、C=O及び−C−OOHの極性官能基を導入した追加実験を進めた後、その結果を図7に共に示した。
また、実施例4から6、及び比較例4から6でそれぞれ製造されたコイン型半電池を、25℃で0.8Cの定電流(CC)で0.005Vになるまで充電し、以後、0.005Vの定電圧(CV)で充電して充電電流が0.005C(cut−off current)になるまで1回目の充電を行った。以後、20分間放置してから0.8Cの定電流(CC)で1.5Vになるまで放電した。これを1から70回のサイクルで繰り返して実施した。70サイクル後の容量維持率は、次のような計算によって導き出された。
70サイクル後の容量維持率(%)=(70回の放電容量 / 3回の放電容量)×100
Claims (14)
- リチウム二次電池用分離膜であって、
表面に、−C−F;及び、−C−OOH及び−C=Oからなる群より選択される一種以上の極性官能基を備えた多孔性樹脂を含んでなり、
前記極性官能基において、前記−C−Fに対する前記−C−OOH及び前記−C=Oのモル比が0.2:0.8から0.8:0.2である、リチウム二次電池用分離膜。 - 前記極性官能基は、前記多孔性樹脂の表面面積に対して0.7モル/cm2から6モル/cm2である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用分離膜。
- 前記極性官能基は、前記多孔性樹脂の表面から中心に向かって0.01μmから1μmの領域に存在する、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用分離膜。
- 前記極性官能基の総量は、前記リチウム二次電池用分離膜の全体100重量%を基準に0.1から2重量%である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用分離膜。
- 前記多孔性樹脂は、高密度ポリエチレン、線形低密度ポリエチレン、低密度ポリエチレン、超高分子量ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリエステル、ポリアセタール、ポリアミド、ポリカーボネート、ポリイミド、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリフェニレンオキシド、ポリフェニレンスルフィド及びポリエチレンナフタレンからなる群より選択されてなる一種又は二種以上の混合物である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用分離膜。
- 請求項1〜5の何れか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用分離膜を備えた、リチウム二次電池。
- 前記リチウム二次電池は、負極の表面に難溶性リチウム塩層を備えたものである、請求項6に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記難溶性リチウム塩層における難溶性リチウム塩は、リチウムフルオリド(LIF)、リチウムカーボネート(Li2CO3)、リチウムオキシド(Li2O)、リチウムオキサラト(Li2C2O4)及びリチウムヒドロキシド(LiOH)からなる群より選択される一種又は二種以上の混合物である、請求項7に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記難溶性リチウム塩層の厚さは0.001μmから0.5μmである、請求項7に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記リチウム二次電池は、負極としてリチウム金属を備えたものである、請求項6に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- リチウム二次電池用分離膜の製造方法であって、
(1)N2ガス、O2ガス、又はこれらの混合物とF2ガスを混合して混合ガスを製造するステップ、及び
(2)前記混合ガスを多孔性樹脂と接触させて前記多孔性樹脂の表面に極性官能基を形成させるステップを含んでなり、
前記ステップ(1)の混合ガスを製造するステップにおいて、前記N 2 ガス、前記O 2 ガス又は前記これらの混合物に対する前記F 2 ガスの圧力比は、7.5:2.5から9.4:0.6である、リチウム二次電池用分離膜の製造方法。 - 前記ステップ(1)の混合ガスを製造するステップで、前記N2ガス、前記O2ガス又は前記これらの混合物に対する前記F2ガスの圧力比は8:2から9:1である、請求項11に記載のリチウム二次電池用分離膜の製造方法。
- 前記ステップ(1)の混合ガスを製造するステップは、前記N2ガス及び前記O2ガスを1:9から9:1の圧力比で混合した混合物と前記F2ガスを混合して行われる、請求項11に記載のリチウム二次電池用分離膜の製造方法。
- 前記ステップ(2)の混合ガスを多孔性樹脂と接触させる過程は、前記多孔性樹脂に対して前記混合ガスを1KPaから60KPaの圧力で接触させる過程を含んでなる、請求項11に記載のリチウム二次電池用分離膜の製造方法。
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