JP6693633B1 - 炭素繊維前駆体用処理剤の水性液及び炭素繊維前駆体 - Google Patents
炭素繊維前駆体用処理剤の水性液及び炭素繊維前駆体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6693633B1 JP6693633B1 JP2019184527A JP2019184527A JP6693633B1 JP 6693633 B1 JP6693633 B1 JP 6693633B1 JP 2019184527 A JP2019184527 A JP 2019184527A JP 2019184527 A JP2019184527 A JP 2019184527A JP 6693633 B1 JP6693633 B1 JP 6693633B1
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- carbon fiber
- fiber precursor
- aqueous liquid
- amino
- treatment agent
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- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
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- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005702 oxyalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- -1 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 42
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 19
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- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- GXBLITCOLKGJDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradec-13-en-1-ol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C GXBLITCOLKGJDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LKOVPWSSZFDYPG-WUKNDPDISA-N trans-octadec-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C(O)=O LKOVPWSSZFDYPG-WUKNDPDISA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明が解決しようとする課題は、経時安定性及び炭素繊維の強度を向上できる炭素繊維前駆体用処理剤の水性液、及び炭素繊維前駆体を提供する処にある。
R1:炭素数8〜18の直鎖の炭化水素基、又は炭素数8〜18の分岐鎖の炭化水素基
AO:炭素数2〜3のオキシアルキレン基
R2:水素原子、又は炭素数1〜4の炭化水素基
n:1〜60の整数。)
さらに、前記炭素繊維前駆体用処理剤の水性液において、前記非イオン界面活性剤は、前記化1中のR1の炭素数の異なる2種以上の非イオン界面活性剤を含むものであることを特徴とする。
前記炭素繊維前駆体用処理剤の水性液において、前記アミノ変性シリコーン、前記水、及び前記非イオン界面活性剤の含有割合の合計を100質量部とすると、前記アミノ変性シリコーンと前記非イオン界面活性剤との含有割合の合計が20〜50質量部、及び前記水が50〜80質量部の割合で含有するものであってもよい。
以下、本発明の炭素繊維前駆体用処理剤の水性液(以下、単に水性液という)を具体化した第1実施形態を説明する。本実施形態の水性液は、アミノ変性シリコーンの他、所定の分子量分布を有する非イオン界面活性剤を必須成分として含有する。
化2のアミノ変性基を有するアミノ変性シリコーンの具体例としては、例えばジメチルシロキサン・メチル(アミノプロピル)シロキサン共重合体(アミノプロピルジメチコン)、アミノエチルアミノプロピルメチルシロキサン・ジメチルシロキサン共重合体(アモジメチコン)等が挙げられる。
非イオン界面活性剤の分子量分布を調整するためには、複数種類の非イオン界面活性剤を使用することにより分子量分布がブロードな非イオン界面活性剤が得られる。分子量分布がブロードな非イオン界面活性剤を得るためには、複数種類の非イオン界面活性剤を混合する方法が挙げられる。また、複数種類のアルコール類又はカルボン酸類等の原料を使用したり、反応条件を変更、例えば触媒の量を通常使用する量より減らしたりすることにより、分子量分布がブロードな非イオン界面活性剤が得られる。
R1:炭素数8〜18の直鎖の炭化水素基、又は炭素数8〜18の分岐鎖の炭化水素基
AO:炭素数2〜3のオキシアルキレン基
R2:水素原子、又は炭素数1〜4の炭化水素基
n:1〜60の整数。)
さらに、本発明において非イオン界面活性剤は、上述した化3中のR1の炭素数の異なる2種以上の非イオン界面活性剤を含むものが用いられる。かかる非イオン界面活性剤を使用することにより、分子量分布をブロードに調整することが容易となる。それにより水性液の経時安定性をより向上させる。
次に、本発明に係る炭素繊維前駆体(以下、前駆体という)を具体化した第2実施形態について説明する。本実施形態の前駆体は、炭素繊維前駆体に第1実施形態に記載の炭素繊維用処理剤が付着している。
付着処理工程は、炭素繊維前駆体の原料繊維を紡糸した後、水性液を付着させる工程である。つまり、付着処理工程で炭素繊維前駆体の原料繊維に水性液を付着させる。またこの炭素繊維前駆体の原料繊維は紡糸直後から延伸されるが、付着処理工程後の高倍率延伸を特に「延伸工程」と呼ぶ。延伸工程は高温水蒸気を用いた湿熱延伸法でもよいし、熱ローラーを用いた乾熱延伸法でもよい。
(1)本実施形態では、アミノ変性シリコーン及び水を含む水性液を調製するに際し、所定の分子量分布を有する非イオン界面活性剤を使用した。したがって、水性液の経時安定性を向上できる。特に、夏場の高温時における経時安定性を向上させる。また、かかる水性液が付与されて得られた炭素繊維前駆体により合成された炭素繊維の強度を向上させる。
・本実施形態の水性液には、本発明の効果を阻害しない範囲内において、水性液の品質保持のための安定化剤や制電剤、つなぎ剤、酸化防止剤、防腐剤、抗菌剤、pH調整剤、紫外線吸収剤、その他の界面活性剤、その他のシリコーン類等の通常炭素繊維前駆体用処理剤に用いられる成分をさらに配合してもよい。
・非イオン界面活性剤(N−1)の製造方法
オートクレーブ内に上記化3のR1を構成する原料アルコールとしてデカノール20部、ウンデカノール50部、ドデカノール30部を加え、さらに水酸化カリウム0.05部を加え、雰囲気を窒素ガスで置換した。150℃でエチレンオキサイド76部を徐々に加えて、エーテル化反応を行った。水酸化カリウムを吸着処理した後、濾過する事で、非イオン界面活性剤(N−1)を合成した。
下記表1の「化3中のR1のアルキル基の炭素数」欄、「R1の原料混合比」欄、「化3中のAO」欄、及び「化3中のR2の種類」欄に基づいて、上記と同様の処方で非イオン界面活性剤(N−2)〜(N−11)を合成した。
(A)アミノ変性シリコーン(Si−1)を30部、(B)非イオン界面活性剤(N−4)を5部、及びイオン交換水65部をよく撹拌した後、ホモジナイザーを用いて乳化する事で、実施例1の炭素繊維前駆体用処理剤の固形分濃度35%水性液を調製した。
実施例2〜11,14〜16、参考例12,13、及び比較例1〜4の各炭素繊維前駆体用処理剤の水性液は、表3の各「質量部」欄に記載の(A)アミノ変性シリコーン、(B)非イオン界面活性剤、及び水の各配合量に基づいて、実施例1と同様の処方で調製した。
非イオン界面活性剤の分子量分布は、下記に示される方法により求めた。
まず、各実施例及び比較例の水性液に配合される非イオン界面活性剤の混合物0.02gをバイアル瓶に採取し、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)を30mL加えて希釈し、試料溶液を得た。その試料溶液1mLをGPC用濾過フィルターを装着した注射器を用いて、GPC用試料瓶に異物を除去することにより試料溶液を調製した。リファレンスカラムとしてTSKgel SuperH-RC、測定用カラムとしてTSKguardcolumn SuperH-L、TSKgel SuperH4000、TSKgel SuperH3000、TSKgel SuperH2000を装着した、東ソー社製HLC-8320GPCを使用して、GPCを測定した。数平均分子量(=Mn)と質量平均分子量(=Mw)は、標準試料として、TSKgel標準ポリスチレンを用いて検量線を作成し、各実施例及び比較例の水性液に配合される非イオン界面活性剤の混合物のMn及びMwを求めた。その数値を用いて、分子量分布(=Mw/Mn)を算出した。分子量分布の結果を表3の「分子量分布」欄に示す。
N−2:ポリオキシエチレン(n=9)デシルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレン(n=9)ウンデシルエーテル、及びポリオキシエチレン(n=9)ドデシルエーテルの混合物
N−3:ポリオキシエチレン(n=12)デシルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレン(n=12)ウンデシルエーテル、及びポリオキシエチレン(n=12)ドデシルエーテルの混合物
N−4:ポリオキシエチレン(n=5)ドデシルエーテル、及びポリオキシエチレン(n=5)トリデシルエーテルの混合物
N−5:ポリオキシエチレン(n=10)ドデシルエーテル、及びポリオキシエチレン(n=10)トリデシルエーテルの混合物
N−6:ポリオキシエチレン(n=25)ドデシルエーテル、及びポリオキシエチレン(n=25)テトラデシルエーテルの混合物
N−7:ポリオキシエチレン(n=15)ポリオキシプロピレン(m=10:プロピレンオキサイドの付加モルを示す。以下同じ。)テトラデシルエーテル、及びポリオキシエチレン(n=15)ポリオキシプロピレン(m=10)ペンタデシルエーテルの混合物
N−8:ポリオキシエチレン(n=40)ポリオキシプロピレン(m=10)テトラデシルエーテル、及びポリオキシエチレン(n=40)ポリオキシプロピレン(m=10)ペンタデシルエーテルの混合物
N−9:ポリオキシエチレン(n=5)ヘキサデシルエチルエーテル、及びポリオキシエチレン(n=5)オクタデシルエチルエーテルの混合物
N−10:ポリオキシエチレン(n=7)オクチルエーテル
N−11:ポリオキシエチレン(n=5)ポリオキシプロピレン(m=5)ブチルエーテル
試験区分1で調製した炭素繊維前駆体用処理剤の水性液を用いて、炭素繊維前駆体及び炭素繊維を製造した。
試験区分3(評価)
・乳化安定性の評価
炭素繊維前駆体用処理剤の水性液100mLを透明な密閉容器に保管し、40℃で3日間静置した後、容器を10回振盪し、再度、40℃で3日間静置した。静置後の外観を目視にて観察した。また、保管後の処理剤を固形分5%となるように、さらにイオン交換水で希釈し、希釈後の外観を目視にて観察した。以下の基準で評価し、結果を表3の「経時安定性」欄に示した。
◎:ほとんど分離、沈殿は見られず、外観均一となった。また、希釈後は、良好な乳化性を保っていた。
×:明らかなクリーミングや分離が見られた。若しくは、希釈後に沈殿又は分離が発生した。
JIS R 7606に準じて、上記得られた炭素繊維の強度を測定し、以下の基準で評価した。結果を表3の「強度」欄に示した。
○:3.3GPa以上。
×:3.3GPa未満。
以上表3の結果からも明らかなように、本発明によれば、炭素繊維前駆体用処理剤の水性液の経時安定性を向上できると共に、炭素繊維の強度を向上できるという効果が示された。
Claims (5)
- アミノ変性シリコーン及び分子量分布(Mw/Mn)が1.05〜1.50の非イオン界面活性剤を含有する炭素繊維前駆体用処理剤と、水とを含み、
前記非イオン界面活性剤が、下記の化1で示され、且つ化1中のR 1 の炭素数の異なる2種以上の非イオン界面活性剤を含むものであることを特徴とする炭素繊維前駆体用処理剤の水性液。
R1:炭素数8〜18の直鎖の炭化水素基、又は炭素数8〜18の分岐鎖の炭化水素基
AO:炭素数2〜3のオキシアルキレン基
R2:水素原子、又は炭素数1〜4の炭化水素基
n:1〜60の整数。) - 前記アミノ変性シリコーンが、25℃の動粘度が50〜4000mm2/sのものである請求項1に記載の炭素繊維前駆体用処理剤の水性液。
- 前記アミノ変性シリコーン、前記水、及び前記非イオン界面活性剤の含有割合の合計を100質量部とすると、前記アミノ変性シリコーンと前記非イオン界面活性剤との含有割合の合計が20〜50質量部、及び前記水が50〜80質量部の割合で含有するものである請求項1又は2に記載の炭素繊維前駆体用処理剤の水性液。
- 前記非イオン界面活性剤に対する前記アミノ変性シリコーンの含有量の質量比が、前記アミノ変性シリコーン/前記非イオン界面活性剤=95/5〜75/25である請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の炭素繊維前駆体用処理剤の水性液。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の炭素繊維前駆体用処理剤が付着していることを特徴とする炭素繊維前駆体。
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