JP6607387B2 - 脱硫方法及び脱硫器 - Google Patents
脱硫方法及び脱硫器 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6607387B2 JP6607387B2 JP2015217542A JP2015217542A JP6607387B2 JP 6607387 B2 JP6607387 B2 JP 6607387B2 JP 2015217542 A JP2015217542 A JP 2015217542A JP 2015217542 A JP2015217542 A JP 2015217542A JP 6607387 B2 JP6607387 B2 JP 6607387B2
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- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- desulfurizer
- desulfurization
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- hydrocarbon fuel
- Prior art date
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- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 68
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 title claims description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 37
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 88
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 84
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 38
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenenickel Chemical compound [Ni]=S WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- QMMFVYPAHWMCMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl sulfide Chemical compound CSC QMMFVYPAHWMCMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 138
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 31
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 25
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 19
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 11
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 3
- RAOIDOHSFRTOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrothiophene Chemical compound C1CCSC1 RAOIDOHSFRTOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000274 adsorptive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- WQAQPCDUOCURKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanethiol Chemical compound CCCCS WQAQPCDUOCURKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005486 sulfidation Methods 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
以下、本発明の実施形態について、図面を参照して詳細に説明する。なお、各図において同一又は相当部分には同一符号を付し、重複する説明を省略する。
図1は、酸化ニッケル触媒の調製手順の一例を示す図である。
圧縮成型を行い、平均粒子径が約200μmになるように触媒を整粒した。なお、このような圧縮成型に代えて、適宜の無機バインダー(例えば、シリカ等の無機バインダー)を用いることにより、触媒を整粒してもよい。
図2は、酸化ニッケル触媒の脱硫性能試験の一例を示す図である。図2には、横軸に時間(分)が取られ、縦軸に、10wt% NiO/γ−Al2O3触媒を通過したガス中の組
成物の濃度(ppm)が取られ、両者の関係が図示されている。
置に充填した。そして、DMSの濃度が10ppmであるN2ガスを、500mL/分の流量で、350℃に保った上記触媒に流通した(GHSV:40000h−1)。そして、ガスクロマトグラフィー(FPD)を用いて、固定床流通式反応装置の出口から排出されたガス中の組成物の濃度の経時変化を検証した。
化ニッケル触媒を調製し、かかる触媒のDMSの分解活性について更に検証した。
まず、図1の調製手順で得られた10wt% NiO/γ-Al2O3を500℃に保ち、H2Sの濃度が1000ppmであるN2ガスを200mL/分の流量で、担持ニッケルに
対し、量論値以上の硫化水素を流通させて硫化処理を行い、性能を安定させた10wt% N
iS/γ−Al2O3触媒を調製した。
図3は、硫化ニッケル触媒の脱硫性能試験の一例を示す図である。図3には、横軸に反応温度が取られ、縦軸に、10wt% NiS/γ−Al2O3触媒を通過したガス中の組成
物の濃度(ppm)が取られ、両者の関係が図示されている。
−Al2O3触媒の炭素及び硫黄を分析した。その結果、反応温度が上昇するに連れて、10wt% NiS/γ−Al2O3触媒上で炭素量、硫黄量が共に増加することがわかった
。炭素析出が顕著であると、10wt% NiS/γ−Al2O3触媒の破壊が起こり、ひい
ては、圧損上昇に至る。このため、10wt% NiS/γ−Al2O3触媒は、DMS分解
が生じる温度以上であって、かつ、炭素析出が顕著な高温でないように温度制御(加熱)する方がよい。具体的には、10wt% NiS/γ−Al2O3触媒の温度は、好ましくは
、250℃以上、450℃以下、更に好ましくは、275℃以上、350℃以下である。
図4Aは、酸化亜鉛触媒のDMS脱硫性能試験の一例を示す図である。図4Bは、酸化亜鉛触媒のメチルメルカプタン脱硫性能試験の一例を示す図である。図4A及び図4Bには、横軸に反応温度が取られ、縦軸に、ZnO触媒を通過したガス中の組成物の濃度(ppm)が取られ、両者の関係が図示されている。
特性が劣り、かつメチルメルカプタンの除去に伴いDMSを副生することが示唆された。
次に、本実施形態の実施例の脱硫器について図面を参照しながら説明する。
図5A、図5B及び図5Cはそれぞれ、実施形態の実施例の脱硫器の一例を示す図である。図5Dは、比較例の脱硫器の一例を示す図である。
えば、平均粒子径が約200μm)に整粒されており、本サイズの10wt% NiS/γ−
Al2O3の触媒粒子10を備える触媒層13及び本サイズのZnOの触媒粒子11を備える触媒層14がこの順に、炭化水素燃料の流れ方向において上流側から容器20内に配置されている。詳しくは、10wt% NiS/γ−Al2O3の微粉末及びZnOの微粉末
をそれぞれ200μmの平均粒子径に整粒し、触媒粒子10及び触媒粒子11のトータル量がそれぞれ250mgずつとなるように、上流側に触媒粒子10、下流側に触媒粒子11が容器20内に充填されている(以下、「二層充填」と記す)。
粒子径が約200μm)に整粒されており、本サイズの10wt% NiS/γ−Al2O3
の触媒粒子10及びZnOの触媒粒子11が、容器20内に混合充填されている。詳しくは、10wt% NiS/γ−Al2O3の微粉末及びZnOの微粉末をそれぞれ200μm
の平均粒子径に整粒し、触媒粒子10及び触媒粒子11のトータル量がそれぞれ250mgずつとなり、かつ各触媒が容器20で均一に混合するよう、触媒粒子10及び触媒粒子11が容器20内に充填されている(以下、「混合充填」と記す)。
し、乳鉢で粉砕した後、混合物を圧縮成型で200μmの平均粒子径に整粒し、触媒のトータル量が500mgとなるように、10wt% NiS/γ−Al2O3及びZnOを含有
する触媒粒子15が充填されている(以下、「物理混合」と記す)。
Al2O3の触媒粒子10を備える触媒層113が容器20内の下流側に配置されている。
図6は、図5Aの脱硫器の脱硫性能試験の一例を示す図である。図7は、図5Bの脱硫器の脱硫性能試験の一例を示す図である。図8は、図5Cの脱硫器の脱硫性能試験の一例を示す図である。図9は、図5Dの脱硫器の脱硫性能試験の一例を示す図である。図6、図7、図8及び図9のそれぞれには、横軸に反応温度が取られ、縦軸に、脱硫器100A、100B、100C、100Dのそれぞれを通過したガス中の組成物の濃度(ppm)が取
られ、両者の関係が図示されている。
以下であった。
l2O3の触媒粒子10を備える触媒層113を下流に配置した脱硫器100Dを用い、DMSの脱硫試験を行ったところ、図9に示すように、300−325℃でメチルメルカプタンの排出が確認された。
12A、12B、12C 脱硫剤
100A、100B、100C 脱硫器
Claims (2)
- 担体に担持された硫化ニッケルと酸化亜鉛とを含み、炭化水素燃料中の硫黄化合物を除去する脱硫剤を備え、前記脱硫剤は、250℃以上に加熱され、前記炭化水素燃料に水素添加が行われていない脱硫器であって、
所定サイズの前記硫化ニッケルを備える触媒層及び所定サイズの前記酸化亜鉛を備える触媒層がこの順に、前記炭化水素燃料の流れ方向において上流側から容器内に配置されている、
脱硫器。 - 担体に担持された硫化ニッケルと酸化亜鉛とを含む脱硫剤を用いて、炭化水素燃料を脱硫する脱硫方法であって、前記脱硫剤を250℃以上に加熱するとともに、水素添加を行わずに前記炭化水素燃料を脱硫する脱硫方法であって、
所定サイズの前記硫化ニッケルを備える触媒層及び所定サイズの前記酸化亜鉛を備える触媒層がこの順に、前記炭化水素燃料の流れ方向において上流側から容器内に配置されている、
脱硫方法。
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