JP6574463B2 - 硬化性プリプレグプライを作製するための方法 - Google Patents
硬化性プリプレグプライを作製するための方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6574463B2 JP6574463B2 JP2017157454A JP2017157454A JP6574463B2 JP 6574463 B2 JP6574463 B2 JP 6574463B2 JP 2017157454 A JP2017157454 A JP 2017157454A JP 2017157454 A JP2017157454 A JP 2017157454A JP 6574463 B2 JP6574463 B2 JP 6574463B2
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Description
よび1Dを参照して、2つのさらなる樹脂フィルム14、15を続いて樹脂含浸層13の上面および底面上にそれぞれプレスして、「プリプレグ」または「プリプレグプライ」とも称する複合体層16を得る。複合構造を形成するために、複数の複合体層16を積層配置で積層して、隣接する複合体層間の層間領域中に強化粒子を有する複合体レイアップを形成する。
脂フィルム49、50を次いで樹脂含浸繊維層48上にプレスして、図2に関連して前述するようなプリプレグを形成する。
ある粒子が不溶性であるか、または可溶性であるかの判定は、それらが存在する特定の樹脂系中の溶解度に関連する。樹脂系は、1以上の熱硬化性樹脂、硬化剤および/または触媒、ならびに未硬化または硬化樹脂マトリックスの特性を修飾するための少量の任意の添加剤を含んでもよい。
強化粒子を上記高温顕微鏡観察分析に供し、粒子の直径または体積の変化が最小、例えば当初の「乾燥」粒子と比較して5%未満、好ましくは1%未満である場合、粒子は不溶性であるとみなされる。いくつかの実施形態において、不溶性強化粒子は、高温顕微鏡観察分析の間に溶融するが、樹脂マトリックスと不適合性であり、したがって冷却すると離散粒子を再形成する粒子を含む。分析目的だけで、粒子を高温顕微鏡観察分析の間流動していてもよく、結晶化度も変化する可能性がある。
粒子が樹脂マトリックスの熱硬化に際して樹脂マトリックス中に部分的に溶解し、完全に溶解しない場合、粒子は部分可溶性であるとみなされる。そのような部分可溶性粒子を上記高温顕微鏡観察分析に供する場合、粒子の直径または体積の変化は、当初の「乾燥」粒子と比べると5%を上回るが、粒子は硬化および冷却後、依然として離散粒子として識別可能である。本明細書中で用いられる場合、樹脂中に「溶解させる」とは、周囲の樹脂と均一な相を形成することを意味する。
1つの実施形態において、工業用架橋熱可塑性粒子は、1以上の反応基を有する架橋性熱可塑性ポリマーをその反応基と化学的に反応性である架橋剤で架橋することによって創出される架橋ネットワークから構成され、ここで、架橋剤は反応基を介してポリマー鎖を互いに直接架橋させる。反応基は、ポリマー主鎖上の末端基またはペンダント基であり得る。この実施形態の直接架橋反応は、1以上の反応基を用いたポリマー鎖の直接架橋によるポリマー分子の「タイアップ(tying−up)」として説明することができる。
強化粒子がその中に分散されている樹脂マトリックス(または樹脂系)は、硬化性樹脂配合物を指し、1以上の熱硬化性樹脂を含んでもよく、これらとしては、限定されるものではないが、エポキシ樹脂、ビスマレイミド、ビニルエステル樹脂、シアネートエステル
樹脂、イソシアネート修飾エポキシ樹脂、フェノール樹脂、ベンゾオキサジン、ホルムアルデヒド縮合樹脂(例えば尿素、メラミンまたはフェノールと)、ポリエステル、アクリル、およびそれらの組み合わせが挙げられる。1つの実施形態において、樹脂マトリックスは主ポリマー成分として1以上の多官能性エポキシ樹脂を含むエポキシ系熱硬化性配合物である。
好適には、公知硬化剤、例えば芳香族もしくは脂肪族アミン、またはグアニジン誘導体から選択される。芳香族アミン硬化剤、好ましくは1分子あたり少なくとも2個のアミノ基を有する芳香族アミンが好ましく、特に好ましいのは、ジアミノジフェニルスルホン、例えばアミノ基がスルホン基に関してメタ位またはパラ位にあるものである。具体例は、3,3’−および4−,4’−ジアミノジフェニルスルホン(DDS);メチレンジアニリン;ビス(4−アミノ−3,5−ジメチルフェニル)−1,4−ジイソプロピルベンゼン;ビス(4−アミノフェニル)−1,4−ジイソプロピルベンゼン;4,4’メチレンビス−(2,6−ジエチル)−アニリン(Lonzaから得られるMDEA);4,4’メチレンビス−(3−クロロ、2,6−ジエチル)−アニリン(Lonzaから得られるMCDEA);4,4’メチレンビス−(2,6−ジイソプロピル)−アニリン(Lonzaから得られるM−DIPA);3,5−ジエチルトルエン−2,4/2,6−ジアミン(Lonzaから得られるD−ETDA80);4,4’メチレンビス−(2−イソプロピル−6−メチル)−アニリン(Lonzaから得られるM−MIPA);4−クロロフェニル−N,N−ジメチル−尿素(例えばMonuron);3,4−ジクロロフェニル−N,N−ジメチル−尿素(例えばDiuronTM)およびジシアノジアミド(例えばPacific Anchor Chemicalから得られるAmicure TM CG 1200)である。
高性能複合材料およびプリプレグを作製するために、本明細書中で記載される目的のための強化用繊維は、一般論として高引張強度(TS)(例えば3500MPaを超える)および高引張係数(TM)(例えば230GPaを超える)を有するとして特徴づけることができる。これらの目的のために有用な繊維としては、炭素またはグラファイト繊維、ガラス繊維および炭化ケイ素、アルミナ、チタニア、ホウ素およびその他から形成される繊維、ならびに例えばポリオレフィン、ポリ(ベンゾチアゾール)、ポリ(ベンズイミダゾール)、ポリアリレート、ポリ(ベンゾキサゾール)、芳香族ポリアミド、ポリアリールエーテルおよびその他などの有機ポリマーから形成される繊維が挙げられ、2以上のそのような繊維を有する混合物を含み得る。好ましくは、繊維は、ガラス繊維、炭素繊維および芳香族ポリアミド繊維、例えばDuPont CompanyからKevlarの商品名で販売されている繊維から選択される。さらに、樹脂マトリックスを含浸させる強化繊維は、連続一方向もしくは多方向繊維の形態で、または織布もしくは不織布としてであってよい。
プリプレグプライの多層を積層配列で積層して、積層構造を有する構造複合部品を形成し、続いて硬化させてもよい。ある実施形態において、レイアップ内のプリプレグプライを互いに対して選択された配向で配置してもよい。例えば、プリプレグレイアップは、繊維がレイアップの最大寸法、例えば長さに対して0°、45°、90°など様々な角度で配向している一方向繊維構造を有するプリプレグプライを含み得る。ある実施形態では、一方向および多次元などの繊維構造の任意の組み合わせを有するプリプレグを組み合わせてプリプレグレイアップを形成してもよいとさらに理解することができる。プリプレグレイアップを形削り工具で形成して、所望の3次元コンフィギュレーションを得ることができる。プリプレグレイアップの硬化は通常、加熱および圧力下で起こる。
樹脂マトリックスを表1で示した配合に基づいて調製した。
FAW=194gsm
樹脂含有量=34%
2つの異なる樹脂マトリックスを表2および3で示す処方に基づいて形成した。
Araldite PY 306=ビスフェノールFに基づく二官能性エポキシ
Araldite MY 0510=p−アミノフェノールのトリグリシジルエーテル
FAW=194gsm
樹脂含有量=20%
FAW=194gsm
樹脂含有量=34%
実施例1および2にしたがって作成された硬化ラミネートの機械的特性を表4で開示された試験方法にしたがって測定した。試験結果も表4に示す。
Claims (7)
- 硬化性プリプレグプライを作製するための方法であって:
複数の圧力ニップを含む長手方向の経路に沿って強化繊維の連続層を移動させ;
移動中の前記強化繊維層が第1圧力ニップを通過する前に、2つの内側樹脂フィルムを前記強化繊維層と接触させて、前記内側樹脂フィルムの一方を前記強化繊維層の上面に接触させ、前記内側樹脂フィルムの他方を前記強化繊維層の底面に接触させ;
前記内側樹脂フィルムが前記強化繊維層の表面上に配置された状態の該強化繊維層が第1圧力ニップおよび第2圧力ニップを通って移動して、前記内側樹脂フィルムを前記強化繊維の層の上面および底面にプレスして、上面および底面を有する樹脂含浸繊維層を形成し;
該樹脂含浸繊維層が第3圧力ニップを通過する前に、2つの外側樹脂フィルムを前記樹脂含浸繊維層と接触させて、前記外側樹脂フィルムの一方を前記樹脂含浸繊維層の上面に接触させ、前記外側樹脂フィルムの他方を前記樹脂含浸繊維層の底面に接触させ;
前記外側樹脂フィルムが前記樹脂含浸繊維層の表面上に配置された状態の該樹脂含浸繊維層が第3圧力ニップおよび第4圧力ニップを通って移動して、前記外側樹脂フィルムを前記樹脂含浸繊維層の上面および底面上にプレスすること
を含み、
ここで、
前記圧力ニップのそれぞれは、2つの相対する圧力/圧密化(consolidating)ローラーによって形成され、
前記内側樹脂フィルムは、少なくとも1つの熱硬化性樹脂を含むが、強化粒子は含まない、第1硬化性樹脂マトリックスから形成され、
前記外側樹脂フィルムは、少なくとも1つの熱硬化性樹脂と、2つの異なる種類の強化粒子:(i)不溶性強化粒子、および(ii)部分可溶性または膨潤性強化粒子の混合物とを含む第2硬化性樹脂マトリックスから形成され、そして
前記不溶性強化粒子がプリプレグプライの硬化に際して第2樹脂マトリックス中に不溶性であり、前記部分可溶性または膨潤性強化粒子が、プリプレグプライの硬化に際して第2樹脂マトリックス中で部分可溶性または膨潤性であるが、硬化後に離散粒子のままである、方法。 - 複合構造を作製するための方法であって:
複数のプリプレグプライであって、各々のプリプレグプライが請求項1に記載の方法によって形成されるプリプレグプライを形成し;
プリプレグプライを積層配列で積層して、ラミネート構造を形成し;そして
ラミネート構造を硬化させること
を含み、
不溶性強化粒子が硬化に際して第2樹脂マトリックス中に不溶性であり、そして部分可溶性または膨潤性強化粒子が硬化に際して第2樹脂マトリックス中で部分可溶性または膨潤性であるが、硬化後に離散粒子のままである、方法。 - 硬化性プリプレグプライを作製するための方法であって:
複数の圧力ニップを含む長手方向の経路に沿って強化繊維の連続層を移動させ;
前記強化繊維層が第1圧力ニップを通過する際に第1圧力ニップの前で2枚の剥離紙の間に樹脂ビーズの形態の第1硬化性樹脂を施用し;
第2圧力ニップを通って移動し;
前記外側樹脂フィルムが前記樹脂含浸繊維層の表面上に配置された状態の該樹脂含浸繊維層が、第2圧力ニップの下流に配置される圧力ニップを通過することにより、外側樹脂フィルムを樹脂含浸繊維層の上面上に、そして外側樹脂フィルムを樹脂含浸繊維層の底面上にプレスすること
を含み、
前記圧力ニップのそれぞれは、2つの相対する圧力/圧密化(consolidating)ローラーによって形成され、
樹脂含有量は、第1圧力ニップの圧密化ローラー間のギャップを変えて樹脂含浸繊維層を形成することによって調節され、
前記外側樹脂フィルムは第2硬化性樹脂から形成され、
該第2硬化性樹脂マトリックスが、少なくとも1つの熱硬化性樹脂と、2つの異なる種類の強化粒子:(i)不溶性強化粒子および(ii)部分可溶性または膨潤性強化粒子の混合物とを含み、
前記第1硬化性樹脂は1以上の熱硬化性樹脂を含むが、膨潤性強化粒子がなく、そして
前記不溶性強化粒子はプリプレグプライの硬化に際して第2樹脂中に不溶性であり、前記部分可溶性または膨潤性強化粒子はプリプレグプライの硬化に際して第2樹脂中で部分可溶性または膨潤性であるが、硬化後に離散粒子のままである、方法。 - 第2樹脂マトリックスが少なくとも1つのエポキシ樹脂を含み、前記不溶性強化粒子がエポキシ樹脂の硬化に際してエポキシ樹脂中に不溶性である熱可塑性粒子である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 第2樹脂マトリックスが、プリプレグプライの硬化により5%を超えて体積が減少するが、硬化後に離散粒子のままである部分可溶性強化粒子を含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 第2樹脂マトリックスが、プリプレグプライの硬化前または硬化中に5%を超えて体積が増大する熱可塑性粒子である膨潤性強化粒子を含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 第2樹脂マトリックスが不溶性熱可塑性粒子と膨潤性架橋熱可塑性粒子との組み合わせを含み、
前記架橋熱可塑性粒子が:
(a)少なくとも1つの反応性基を有する架橋性熱可塑性ポリマーをその反応基と化学的に反応性である架橋剤で架橋させることによって形成される架橋ネットワーク、および
(b)別の架橋ネットワークと絡み合った熱可塑性ポリマー鎖を含む相互貫入ポリマーネットワーク(IPN)であって、1以上の反応基を有する少なくとも1つの化合物とその1以上の反応基と化学的に反応する架橋剤とを熱可塑性ポリマーの存在下で反応させることによって形成されるIPN
のうちの1つを含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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