JP6551597B2 - 有機電子デバイスに使用するのに適した金属ナノ粒子を含有する非水性インク組成物 - Google Patents
有機電子デバイスに使用するのに適した金属ナノ粒子を含有する非水性インク組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6551597B2 JP6551597B2 JP2018502124A JP2018502124A JP6551597B2 JP 6551597 B2 JP6551597 B2 JP 6551597B2 JP 2018502124 A JP2018502124 A JP 2018502124A JP 2018502124 A JP2018502124 A JP 2018502124A JP 6551597 B2 JP6551597 B2 JP 6551597B2
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/52—Electrically conductive inks
-
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Description
この出願は、2015年7月17日に出願された米国仮出願第62/193,973号の優先権を主張する。この出願の内容全体は、この参照により本明細書に明示的に組み入れられる。
本開示は、ポリチオフェンポリマーと、金属ナノ粒子とを含む非水性インク組成物、及び、例えば、有機電子デバイスにおけるその使用に関する。
有用な進歩が、省エネルギーデバイス、例えば、有機系有機発光ダイオード(OLED)、ポリマー発光ダイオード(PLED)、リン光有機発光ダイオード(PHOLED)、及び有機光電池デバイス(OPV)等になされているが、更なる改善が、より良好な材料処理及び/又は商品化に向けたデバイス性能を提供するのに未だに必要とされている。例えば、有機電子デバイスに使用される1つの有望な種類の材料は、導電性ポリマーである。同ポリマーは、例えば、ポリチオフェンを含む。しかしながら、そのニュートラル及び/又は導電状態でのポリマーの純度、加工性、及び不安定性についての問題が生じるおそれがある。また、種々のデバイスアーキテクチャの交互の層に利用されるポリマーの溶解性(例えば、特定のデバイスアーキテクチャにおいて隣接する層間の直交又は交互の溶解性)に対して、非常に良好な制御を有するのが重要である。例えば、正孔注入層(HIL)及び正孔輸送層(HTL)としても知られているこれらの層は、競合する要求、そして非常に薄いが高品質な薄膜の必要性を考慮すると、困難な問題を提起することがある。
(a)式(I)
[式中、
R1及びR2は、それぞれ独立して、H、アルキル、フルオロアルキル、アルコキシ、アリールオキシ、又は−O−[Z−O]p−Reであり、そしてここで、Zは、場合により、ハロゲン化ヒドロカルビレン基であり、pは、1以上であり、Reは、H、アルキル、フルオロアルキル、又はアリールである]
に従った繰返し単位を含むポリチオフェンと、
(b)1つ以上の金属ナノ粒子と、
(c)1つ以上の有機溶媒を含む液状担体とを含む、非水性インク組成物に関する。
1)基板を、本明細書に記載の非水性インク組成物でコーティングすることと、
2)基板上のコーティングをアニーリングすることにより、正孔輸送薄膜を形成することと
を含む、方法に関する。
本明細書で使用する場合、「a」、「an」、又は「the」という用語は、特に断りない限り、「1つ以上」又は「少なくとも1つ」を意味する。
(a)式(I)
[式中、R1及びR2は、それぞれ独立して、H、アルキル、フルオロアルキル、アルコキシ、アリールオキシ、又は−O−[Z−O]p−Reであり、そしてここで、Zは、場合によりハロゲン化されているヒドロカルビレン基であり、pは、1以上であり、Reは、H、アルキル、フルオロアルキル、又はアリールである]
に従った繰返し単位を含むポリチオフェンと、
(b)1つ以上の金属ナノ粒子と、
(c)1つ以上の有機溶媒を含む液状担体と
を含む、非水性インク組成物に関する。
[式中、R1及びR2は、それぞれ独立して、H、アルキル、フルオロアルキル、アルコキシ、アリールオキシ、又は−O−[Z−O]p−Reであり、そしてここで、Zは、場合によりハロゲン化されているヒドロカルビレン基であり、pは、1以上であり、Reは、H、アルキル、フルオロアルキル、又はアリールである]
に従った繰返し単位を含む。
及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される繰返し単位を含む。
は、構造
で表されるモノマー、3−(2−(2−メトキシエトキシ)エトキシ)チオフェン[本明細書において、3−MEETと呼ばれる]に由来し、
繰返し単位
は、構造
で表されるモノマー、3,4−ビス(2−(2−ブトキシエトキシ)エトキシ)チオフェン[本明細書において、3,4−ジBEETと呼ばれる]に由来し、
繰返し単位
は、構造
で表されるモノマー、3,4−ビス((1−プロポキシプロパン−2−イル)オキシ)チオフェン[本明細書において、3,4−ジPPTと呼ばれる]に由来することを理解するであろう。
で表される銀テトラキス(ペンタフルオロフェニル)ボラートである。
M1X1+M2X2→M1X2(不溶性)+M2X1(可溶性)
により表すことができる。
により与えられる。
を意味する。本明細書で使用する場合、最大フェレ径、xFmaxは、TEM顕微鏡写真における粒子の二次元投影における、任意の2本の平行接線間の最も離れた距離として定義される。同様に、最小フェレ径、xFminは、TEM顕微鏡写真における粒子の二次元投影における、任意の2本の平行接線間の最も短い距離として定義される。顕微鏡写真の視野における各粒子のアスペクト比が算出され、画像中の全ての粒子のアスペクト比の算術平均が計算され、数平均アスペクト比に到達する。一般的には、本明細書に記載の金属ナノ粒子の数平均アスペクト比は、約0.9〜約1.1、典型的には、約1である。
1)基板を、本明細書で開示された非水性インク組成物でコーティングすることと、
2)基板上のコーティングをアニーリングすることにより、正孔輸送薄膜を形成することとを含む、方法に関する。
(i)ポリ(p−フェニレンビニレン)及びフェニレン部分における種々の位置で置換されているその誘導体;
(ii)ポリ(p−フェニレンビニレン)及びビニレン部分における種々の位置で置換されているその誘導体;
(iii)ポリ(p−フェニレンビニレン)及びフェニレン部分における種々の位置で置換されており、ビニレン部分における種々の位置でも置換されているその誘導体;
(iv)ポリ(アリーレンビニレン)であって、アリーレンが、例えば、ナフタレン、アントラセン、フリレン、チエニレン、オキサジアゾール等の部分であることができるポリ(アリーレンビニレン);
(v)ポリ(アリーレンビニレン)の誘導体であって、アリーレンが、上記(iv)にある通りであることができ、アリーレンにおける種々の位置に置換基を更に有するポリ(アリーレンビニレン)の誘導体;
(vi)ポリ(アリーレンビニレン)の誘導体であって、アリーレンが、上記(iv)にある通りであることができ、ビニレンにおける種々の位置に置換基を更に有するポリ(アリーレンビニレン)の誘導体;
(vii)ポリ(アリーレンビニレン)の誘導体であって、アリーレンが、上記(iv)にある通りであることができ、アリーレンにおける種々の位置に置換基及びビニレンにおける種々の位置に置換基を更に有するポリ(アリーレンビニレン)の誘導体;
(viii)アリーレンビニレンオリゴマー、例えば、(iv)、(v)、(vi)、及び(vii)におけるものと、非共役オリゴマーとのコポリマー;ならびに
(ix)ポリ(p−フェニレン)及びフェニレン部分における種々の位置で置換されているその誘導体(ラダーポリマー誘導体、例えば、ポリ(9,9−ジアルキルフルオレン)等を含む);
(x)ポリ(アリーレン)であって、アリーレンが、ナフタレン、アントラセン、フリレン、チエニレン、オキサジアゾール等の部分であることができるポリ(アリーレン)及びアリーレン部分における種々の位置で置換されているその誘導体;
(xi)オリゴアリーレン、例えば、(x)におけるものと、非共役オリゴマーとのコポリマー;
(xii)ポリキノリン及びその誘導体;
(xiii)ポリキノリンと、例えば、溶解性を提供するためのアルキル又はアルコキシ基でフェニレンに置換されているp−フェニレンとのコポリマー;ならびに
(xiv)剛直棒状ポリマー、例えば、ポリ(p−フェニレン−2,6−ベンゾビスチアゾール)、ポリ(p−フェニレン−2,6−ベンゾビスオキサゾール)、ポリ(p−フェニレン−2,6−ベンズイミダゾール)、及びそれらの誘導体;
(xv)ポリフルオレンポリマー及びポリフルオレン単位とのコポリマー
を含む。
1)PLED及びSMOLEDを含めたOLEDにおける正孔注入(例えば、PLEDにおけるHILについて、共役が炭素又はケイ素原子を含む全ての分類の共役ポリマーエミッタを使用することができる。SMOLEDにおけるHILについて、下記のものが例となる。蛍光エミッタを含有するSMOLED、リン光エミッタを含有するSMOLED、HIL層に加えて1つ以上の有機層を含むSMOLED、及び小分子層が溶液もしくはエアロゾル噴霧又は任意の他の処理法から処理されるSMOLED。加えて、他の例は、デンドリマー又はオリゴマー有機半導体系OLEDにおけるHIL、HILが電荷注入を改変するのに又は電極として使用される二極性発光FETにおけるHILを含む);
2)OPVにおける正孔抽出層;
3)トランジスタにおけるチャネル材料;
4)トランジスタ、例えば、論理ゲートの組み合わせを含む回路におけるチャネル材料;
5)トランジスタにおける電極材料;
6)キャパシタにおけるゲート層;
7)ドーピングレベルの改変が、知覚される種の導電性ポリマーとの会合により達成される化学センサ;
8)バッテリーにおける電極又は電解質材料;
を含む。
下記実施例に使用された成分を、表1にまとめる。
標準的な薄膜処理条件を使用して、すなわち、Laurelスピンコーターを2000rpmで90秒間使用してスピンコートし、ホットプレート上において200℃で30分間アニーリングして、薄膜を形成した。本発明のNQインクで形成された薄膜の品質を、インライン画像及び1000倍拡大での顕微鏡画像を使用して、この薄膜を、対応するベース混合物のみで形成された薄膜と比較することにより判定した。
本明細書に記載の単極性の単電荷キャリアデバイスを、ガラス基板上に堆積させた酸化インジウムスズ(ITO)表面上に作製した。ITO表面を、予めパターニングして、ピクセル面積0.05cm2を画定した。HILインク組成物を基板上に堆積させる前に、基板の事前調整を行った。まず、デバイス基板を、種々の溶液又は溶媒中での超音波処理により洗浄した。デバイス基板を、希釈石鹸液、続けて、蒸留水、ついで、アセトン、及びついで、イソプロパノール中で、それぞれ約20分間超音波処理した。この基板を、窒素気流下で乾燥させた。ついでその後、デバイス基板を、120℃に設定した真空オーブンに移し、使用できるようになるまで、(窒素パージによる)部分的真空下に維持した。このデバイス基板を、使用直前に、300Wで動作するUV−オゾンチャンバ中において、20分間処理した。
ドープされたポリマーとZrO2ナノ粒子との比がそれぞれ75:25及び50:50の、2つの本発明のNQ HILインク27及び22でHILを調製し、緑色PHOLEDデバイスにおいてスクリーニングした。比較用HIL薄膜として、HILを、ベース混合物2(BM2)でも調製した。BM2は、ナノ粒子を含まない。
Claims (22)
- (a)式(I)
[式中、
R1及びR2は、それぞれ独立して、H、アルキル、フルオロアルキル、アルコキシ、アリールオキシ、若しくは−O−[Z−O]p−Re(式中、Zは、ハロゲン化されていてもよいヒドロカルビレン基であり、pは、1以上であり、Reは、H、アルキル、フルオロアルキル、又はアリールである。)であるか、又は
R1は、スルホン酸基(−SO3H)であり、R2は、アルキル、フルオロアルキル、アルコキシ、アリールオキシ、若しくは−O−[Z−O]p−Re(式中、Z、p及びReは、前記と同じ意味を有する。)である。]
に従った繰返し単位を含むポリチオフェンと、
(b)酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)、酸化バナジウム(V)(V2O5)、三酸化タングステン(WO3)、又はそれらの混合物を含む、1つ以上の金属ナノ粒子と、
(c)1つ以上の有機溶媒を含む液状担体と
を含む、非水性インク組成物。 - 前記R1及びR2が、それぞれ独立して、H、フルオロアルキル、−O[C(RaRb)−C(RcRd)−O]p−Re(式中、各々のRa、Rb、Rc、及びRdは、それぞれ独立して、H、ハロゲン、アルキル、フルオロアルキル、又はアリールであり、Reは、H、アルキル、フルオロアルキル、又はアリールであり、pは、1、2、又は3である。)、若しくは−ORf(式中、Rfは、アルキル、又はアリールである。)であるか、又は
前記R1がスルホン酸基であり、前記R2が、フルオロアルキル、−O[C(RaRb)−C(RcRd)−O]p−Re(式中、Ra、Rb、Rc、Rd、Re及びpは、前記と同じ意味を有する。)、又は−ORf(式中、Rfは、前記と同じ意味を有する。)である、請求項1記載の非水性インク組成物。 - 前記R1が、Hであり、前記R2が、H以外である、請求項1又は2記載の非水性インク組成物。
- 前記Ra、Rb、Rc、及びRdが、それぞれ独立に、H、(C1−C8)アルキル、(C1−C8)フルオロアルキル、又はフェニルであり、前記Reが、(C1−C8)アルキル、(C1−C8)フルオロアルキル、又はフェニルである、請求項2記載の非水系インク組成物。
- 前記繰返し単位が、下記式(I−Ia)〜(I−III)からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含む、請求項1記載の非水系インク組成物。
- 前記繰返し単位が、前記式(I−II)及び式(I−III)からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種を含む、請求項5記載の非水系インク組成物。
- 前記液状担体中に存在する水の総量が5質量%以下である、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項記載の非水系インク組成物。
- 前記液状担体が、1種または2種以上の有機溶媒のみからなる、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項記載の非水系インク組成物。
- 前記液状担体が、2種以上の有機溶媒のみからなる、請求項8記載の非水系インク組成物。
- 式(I)に従った繰返し単位を含む前記ポリチオフェンが、ドーパントによりドープされている、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項記載の非水性インク組成物。
- 前記ドーパントが、テトラアリールボラートを含む、請求項10記載の非水性インク組成物。
- 前記ドーパントが、テトラキス(ペンタフルオロフェニル)ボラート(TPFB)を含む、請求項11記載の非水性インク組成物。
- 前記1つ以上の金属ナノ粒子が、酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2 )を含む、請求項1記載の非水性インク組成物。
- 前記金属ナノ粒子が、1つ以上の有機キャッピング基を含む、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項記載の非水性インク組成物。
- 前記金属ナノ粒子の量が、前記金属ナノ粒子と、ドープされている前記ポリチオフェン及びドープされていない前記ポリチオフェンとを合わせた重量に対して、1wt%〜90wt%である、請求項1〜14のいずれか一項記載の非水性インク組成物。
- 1)基板を、請求項1〜15のいずれか一項記載の非水性インク組成物でコーティングする工程;及び
2)基板上のコーティングをアニーリングすることにより、正孔輸送薄膜を形成する工程
を含む、正孔輸送薄膜の形成方法。 - 25℃〜300℃でアニーリングする、請求項16記載の方法。
- 請求項16又は17記載の方法により形成された、正孔輸送薄膜。
- 380〜800nmの波長を有する光の透過率が少なくとも85%である、請求項18記載の正孔輸送薄膜。
- 5nm〜500nmの膜厚を有する、請求項18又は19記載の正孔輸送薄膜。
- 請求項18〜20のいずれか一項記載の正孔輸送薄膜を含むデバイス。
- OLED、OPV、トランジスタ、キャパシタ、センサ、トランスデューサ、薬剤放出デバイス、エレクトロクロミックデバイス、又はバッテリーデバイスである、請求項21記載のデバイス。
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EP3325560A1 (en) | 2018-05-30 |
WO2017014945A1 (en) | 2017-01-26 |
KR20180021207A (ko) | 2018-02-28 |
JP2018523722A (ja) | 2018-08-23 |
CN107849376B (zh) | 2021-11-30 |
US10385229B2 (en) | 2019-08-20 |
EP3325560A4 (en) | 2019-03-27 |
KR102615481B1 (ko) | 2023-12-19 |
TWI694115B (zh) | 2020-05-21 |
TW201713734A (zh) | 2017-04-16 |
CN107849376A (zh) | 2018-03-27 |
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