JP6538183B2 - マイクロrnaを有効成分として含む癌治療用医薬組成物 - Google Patents
マイクロrnaを有効成分として含む癌治療用医薬組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明では、約1700種のmiRNAスクリーニングライブラリーを合成して(表1)、これをNCI−H460(肺癌細胞株)に処理して、癌細胞成長抑制能を測定して、miR−34aより効能が優れた、下記の塩基配列を有するmiR−3670、miR−4477aおよびmiR−8078を発見して(表3)、これらの坑癌効能が優れていることを確認した(図4〜図8)。
5’-AGAGCUCACAGCUGUCCUUCUCUA-3’(MIMAT0018093. 配列番号35)
5’-GAGAAGGACAGCUGUGAGCUCUUU-3’(配列番号36)
5’-GACUGGUAUAGCUGCUUUUGGAGCCUCA-3’(配列番号67)
miR−4477a
5’-CUAUUAAGGACAUUUGUGAUUC-3’(MIMAT0019004 配列番号43)
miR−4477aの完全相補配列(perfect complementary sequence)
5’-AUCACAAAUGUCCUUAAUAGUU-3’(配列番号44)
miR−4477aの内在的相補配列(endogenous complementary sequence)
5’-AUCACAAAUGUCCUUAAUGGCA-3’(配列番号68)
miR−8078
5’-GGUCUAGGCCCGGUGAGAGACUC(MIMAT0031005, 配列番号65)
miR−8078の完全相補配列(perfect complementary sequence)
5’-GUCUCUCACCGGGCCUAGACCUU(配列番号66)
miR−8078の内在的相補配列(endogenous complementary sequence)
5’-CUCCACCGGGCUGACCGGCCUG-3’(配列番号69)
CBX4(polycomb chromobox 4)は、腫瘍の血管生成および腫瘍の転移促進に関与して、NRASは、腫瘍の成長および細胞分裂に主要な役割を果たすと知られている(Orouji, E. et al. MAP Kinase pathway gene copy alterations in NRAS/BRAF wild-type advanced melanoma. Int J Cancer (2015); Zheng, C. et al. MicroRNA-195 functions as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting CBX4 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Rep 33, 1115-22 (2015); Jiao, H.K. et al. Prognostic significance of Cbx4 expression and its beneficial effect for transarterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 6, e1689 (2015); Ohashi, K. et al. Characteristics of lung cancers harboring NRAS mutations. Clin Cancer Res 19, 2584-91 (2013))。
CASRは腫瘍で過多発現するものが発見され、腫瘍の転移に必要であり、TXLNAは腫瘍の成長および転移に関連すると知られているが発現率が高い患者群の生存率が低いとの臨床結果が発表された(Mashidori, T., Shirataki, H., Kamai, T., Nakamura, F. & Yoshida, K. Increased alpha-taxilin protein expression is associated with the metastatic and invasive potential of renal cell cancer. Biomed Res 32, 103-10 (2011); Tennakoon, S., Aggarwal, A. & Kallay, E. The calcium-sensing receptor and the hallmarks of cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta (2015); Ohtomo, N. et al. Expression of alpha-taxilin in hepatocellular carcinoma correlates with growth activity and malignant potential of the tumor. Int J Oncol 37, 1417-23 (2010))。
miRNAデータベースであるmiRBase(www.mirbase.org)で提供する21バージョンのヒトmiRNA配列として、ステムループ構造(stem−loop structure)基準に約1700種のmiRNAスクリーニングライブラリーを通常のオリゴ合成に使用される固体合成法で2本の鎖配列のmiRNA合成した。合成されたmiRNA各鎖はC18樹脂を使用して逆相分離方式(reverse phase separation)で精製した。合成されたすべてのmiRNA鎖は、MALDI−TOF方式の質量分析器を使用して意図した配列の合成の有無を判別および確認した。二本鎖のmiRNAを製造するために相応する相補鎖を塩存在下で95℃、2分間加熱後、徐々に冷却して二本鎖を結合させた。
実施例1で合成したmiRNA二本鎖の活性の有無を測定するために、約1700種のmiRNAスクリーニングライブラリーから選別的にmiR−34a、miR−100、miR−125bを選択した。選別されたmiRNAは既に行われた多くの研究から機能および発現を制御する目標mRNA種類および各mRNA 3’UTRに結合する結合領域などに関する研究が多く進行されている関係から選択した。miR−34a、miR−100、miR−125bそれぞれによって発現が制御されると広く知られているBcl2、mTOR、Lin28b mRNAの3’−UTR部分をファイアフライルシフェラーゼベクター(firefly luciferase vector)の3’−UTRで置き換えて、各miRNAに相応するベクターを製作した。各ベクターとmiR対照群、または各ベクターに相応するmiR−34a、miR−100、miR−125bをオリゴの細胞内伝達試薬であるリポフェクタミン2000(Lipofectamine 2000、Invitrogen)を使用してHEK−293T細胞株にco−transfectionして(3回繰り返し試料製作)、37℃、5%(v/v)二酸化炭素条件で24時間培養した。ルシフェラーゼの活性は、Luminometer(Thermo scientific)を使用して測定して、合成されたmiRNAの活性を確認した(図1)。
96−well plateに3,000〜10,000個のNCI−H460細胞株を分注して24時間37℃、5%(v/v)二酸化炭素条件で培養した後、miRNAライブラリーの各miRNAをRNAiMAX試薬(Invitrogen)を使用して終濃度が100nMになるようにtransfectionを行った。各miRNAは3回繰り返してtransfectionを行ったため、96−well plateに保管されたmiRNAライブラリー一つのplate当たり3つの実験96−well plateを準備した。これを前記細胞培養条件と同じ条件で24時間さらに培養した後、レサズリン(Resazurin)試薬(Promega)を添加して発生する蛍光値を蛍光光度計(Fluorometer,Tecan)を使用して測定した。各miRNAによる細胞増殖抑制能力を相対的に比較評価するために、96−well plateで測定された96個の値の平均値と標準偏差を求めて、平均値から各miRNAが含まれたwellにおける測定値が何標準偏差倍数だけ離れているかを(Z−score)下記の公式に代入して計算した。
zi=(xi−μ)/σ
一次スクリーニングで得られた約50個のmiRNA候補群を使用して測定精度を向上させて二次スクリーニングを行った。実験条件は一次スクリーニング条件と同様に行って、異なる点は細胞の増殖能力を測定するための試薬としてレサズリンの代わりにWST−1試薬(Roche)を利用した。WST−1がレサズリンに比べて信号の強度がより定量的に測定できる長所があって使用した。各miRNAによる細胞抑制能力の測定値を対照群対比相対的な値は図3に開示して、陽性対照群としてmiR−34aも含む。
スクリーニングで使用された方法は、定量的意味で細胞の個数を測定することによって相対的な細胞増殖の抑制程度を測定する方法である。細胞の増殖を抑制する機序は、細胞の分裂周期速度を減速させる方法と細胞の自殺を誘導する方法がある。本発明で発見したmiRNAの細胞増殖抑制力の作用機序を分析するために、細胞自殺程度をフローサイトメトリー(Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter,FACS)を使用して分析した。これのために細胞を6−well plateに分注してRNAiMAX試薬で該当miRNAを細胞に注入した後、48時間前述した条件で細胞を培養した。この後細胞をFIT−C蛍光染料が標識されたアネキシンV(annexin V)で処理した後、フローサイトメトリーで分析した(図4)。分析結果、miR−3670、miR−4477aおよびmiR−8078で処理された多くの細胞が死滅したことを確認することができる。これは、スクリーニングで確認されたmiRNAの腫瘍成長抑制効果が細胞の死滅を誘発することによるものであることが分かる(表3)。
ソフトアガーを利用して腫瘍細胞を培養することによって腫瘍細胞としての特質を測定することができる。正常細胞の場合、成長するためにシャーレのような支持台が必要であるのに対して、腫瘍細胞はソフトアガーのような物理的に頑固な支持台がない環境でも成長する特徴を有している。このような腫瘍特異的性質を使用してソフトアガーでの細胞群集能力を把握した。NCI−H460肺癌細胞株をcontrol miRNA、miR−34a、miR−8078、miR−3670、miR−4477a、miR−4765でそれぞれ処理して24時間培養した後、これをソフトアガーと混合して6well−plateで2週間培養した。細胞をクリスタルバイオレット(crystal violet)染料で染色して各群集の個数を測定した(図5)。その結果、miR−8078およびmiR−3670で処理した細胞は、ほとんど群集を形成できず、miR−4477aで処理した細胞群の場合は対照群対比約30%程度の群集形成能力を示すことを確認することができた。
miRNAによってタンパク質発現が制御されるターゲットmRNAは、miRNAの配列と部分的に相補的な配列を有する。miRNAは、mRNAの発現を抑制するために特に種の領域(seed region)の配列が重要であるが、これは種領域配列と相補的な配列を有するmRNAと結合して遺伝子の発現を阻害するためである。しかし、種領域配列が8〜9個の塩基で比較的短いので、miRNAのターゲットになるmRNAはソフトを使用して予測する。しかし、ソフトを使用する場合でも予測されたターゲット中一部だけが実質的ターゲットであることが知られている。このような難点を解決するために、ソフトを介して予測されたターゲット遺伝子に対してsiRNAを使用して細胞内の含量を低下させた後、細胞の成長が抑制されるか否かを判断することによってターゲット遺伝子を選定した。miRNAのターゲットmRNAを予測するために、この分野で汎用されるターゲット予測ソフトとしてターゲットスキャン(TargetScan)を使用して、miR−3670、miR−4477aおよびmiR−8078の予想ターゲットで計約600種の遺伝子を選定した。選ばれた各遺伝子に対して3種のsiRNAを合成して、これを使用して実施例3で行った方法と同様に実験を行った。細胞を96well−plateに分注して、各siRNAで処理した後48時間培養した後、レサズリン試薬を使用して細胞増殖能力を測定した。実施例3で処理した方法と同様の方式で計約1800個(約600遺伝子×3種のsiRNA)の測定値の平均から各遺伝子のZ−scoreを計算して図6に開示した。
miRNAの作用方式は、mRNAからタンパク質を生成することを低下させて、これと同時にターゲットとなる多くのmRNAの分解を誘発させる。したがって、細胞内にmiRNAを注入してmiRNAのターゲットとなるmRNAの含量をqPCRを使用して分析、含量低下を測定することによってmiRNAのターゲットmRNAの有無を判別できる一つの基準として使用することができる。実施例7で確認されたmiRNAのターゲット遺伝子を対象にして、miRNAを細胞内に伝達した場合、実質的にターゲットmRNAが低下するか否かを測定するために、miR−3670、miR−4477aおよびmiR−8078を肺癌細胞株にそれぞれ注入して48時間培養した後、各細胞でRNAを抽出してRNA含量を定量的に測定した(図7)。その結果、miR−3670、miR−4477aおよびmiR−8078の予想ターゲットmRNAの含量が顕著に低下することを確認することができた。
miRNAは、ターゲットmRNAの3’−UTR(untranslated region)に結合することによってターゲットmRNAにおけるタンパク質生成を阻害するので、miRNAとターゲットmRNAとの関係を直接的に測定する方法としてルシフェラーゼ測定法を通常使用する。ターゲットスキャン(TargetScan)ソフトでmiRNA結合配列が含まれた3’−UTR配列を提供するが、これを前記実施例2で記述した通りファイアフライルシフェラーゼ(firefly luciferase)の3’−UTRに遺伝子クローニング(gene cloning)手法で挿入して、このような方式で製作されたベクターを該当miRNAと同時にHuman Embryonic Kidney(HEK)細胞にトランスフェクションしてベクターのルシフェラーゼ発現量を測定した。この時、トランスフェクション効率を補正するために、レニラルシフェラーゼ(renilla luciferase)も同時にトランスフェクションして測定値を補正した。miRNA、ファイアフライルシフェラーゼ、レニラルシフェラーゼを同時に注入して48時間培養した後、ルミノメーター(Luminometer)で測定した(図9)。その結果、各ターゲットmRNAが該当miRNAによって直接的に制御されることを確認することができた。
Claims (6)
- miR−3670、miR−4477aおよびmiR−8078で構成された群から選択される一つ以上のmiRNA、またはmiRNA誘導体を有効成分として含み、前記miRNA誘導体が、RNAリン酸骨格構造(phosphate backbone structure)を硫黄で置き換えた形態であるホスホロチオエート(phosphorothioate)構造を部分的に含む形態;RNAの代わりにDNA、PNA(petide nucleic acids)またはLNA(locked nucleic acid)分子への全体または部分的に置き換えた形態;およびRNA糖の2’ヒドロキシ基をメチル化、メトキシ化、フルオロ化で構成された群から選択される機能性構造で置き換えた形態で構成された群から選択される、miRNA誘導体である、肺癌の原発性癌、又はこれからその他臓器に転移されて誘発される転移癌の治療用医薬組成物。
- 前記miR−3670は、配列番号35と配列番号36、または配列番号35と配列番号67の塩基配列からなる二本鎖RNAで構成される二本鎖を有効成分として含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記miR−4477aは、配列番号43と配列番号44、または配列番号43と配列番号68の塩基配列からなる二本鎖RNAで構成される二本鎖を有効成分として含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記miR−8078は、配列番号65と配列番号66、または配列番号65と配列番号69の塩基配列からなる二本鎖RNAで構成される二本鎖を有効成分として含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記miRNAは、癌細胞の自殺メカニズム(cancer cell apoptosis)を誘導して癌を治療することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記miRNA誘導体は、pri−miRNAまたはprecursor miRNAのmiRNA前駆体形態;またはプラスミド形態のmiRNA前駆体で構成され、前記miRNA誘導体は、RNAリン酸骨格構造(phosphate backbone structure)を硫黄で置き換えた形態であるホスホロチオエート(phosphorothioate)構造を部分的に含む形態;RNAの代わりにDNA、PNA(petide nucleic acids)またはLNA(locked nucleic acid)分子への全体または部分的に置き換えた形態;およびRNA糖の2’ヒドロキシ基をメチル化、メトキシ化、フルオロ化で構成された群から選択される機能性構造で置き換えた形態で構成された群から選択されることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
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CA2977624A1 (en) | 2016-09-01 |
US20180030440A1 (en) | 2018-02-01 |
KR101862080B1 (ko) | 2018-07-04 |
EP3263135A2 (en) | 2018-01-03 |
US10612026B2 (en) | 2020-04-07 |
KR20180054549A (ko) | 2018-05-24 |
WO2016137235A2 (ko) | 2016-09-01 |
AU2016224201A1 (en) | 2017-09-21 |
BR112017018318A2 (pt) | 2018-07-10 |
CA2977624C (en) | 2021-11-30 |
RU2017132895A3 (ja) | 2019-03-25 |
CA3134991A1 (en) | 2016-09-01 |
RU2017132895A (ru) | 2019-03-25 |
RU2686313C2 (ru) | 2019-04-25 |
KR101960067B1 (ko) | 2019-03-20 |
EP3263135B1 (en) | 2020-01-15 |
CN107454843B (zh) | 2021-07-30 |
US10351849B2 (en) | 2019-07-16 |
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