JP6520785B2 - 半導体装置の製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体装置の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6520785B2 JP6520785B2 JP2016059903A JP2016059903A JP6520785B2 JP 6520785 B2 JP6520785 B2 JP 6520785B2 JP 2016059903 A JP2016059903 A JP 2016059903A JP 2016059903 A JP2016059903 A JP 2016059903A JP 6520785 B2 JP6520785 B2 JP 6520785B2
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- H01L29/4232—Gate electrodes for field effect devices for field-effect transistors with insulated gate
- H01L29/42356—Disposition, e.g. buried gate electrode
- H01L29/4236—Disposition, e.g. buried gate electrode within a trench, e.g. trench gate electrode, groove gate electrode
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- H01L29/66477—Unipolar field-effect transistors with an insulated gate, i.e. MISFET
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Description
本発明の第1の形態は、
トレンチゲート構造を有する半導体装置の製造方法であって、
n型不純物を含むn型半導体層の上に、p型不純物を含むp型半導体層を積層する積層工程と、
前記p型半導体層にn型不純物をイオン注入し、前記イオン注入したn型不純物を活性化させるための熱処理を行うことによって、前記p型半導体層の少なくとも一部にn型半導体領域を形成するn型半導体領域形成工程と、
前記p型半導体層を貫通して、前記n型半導体層に至るまで落ち込んだトレンチを形成するトレンチ形成工程と、を備え、
前記n型半導体領域形成工程において、前記n型半導体領域の下方に位置する前記n型半導体層の少なくとも一部に、前記p型半導体層に含まれるp型不純物が拡散するp型不純物拡散領域が形成され、
前記積層の方向において、前記p型不純物拡散領域の底面は、前記トレンチの底面と同じか、もしくは前記トレンチの底面より下に位置し、
前記p型不純物拡散領域のp型不純物の濃度は、前記n型半導体層のn型不純物の濃度よりも大きい、半導体装置の製造方法である。
本発明の第2の形態は、
トレンチゲート構造を有する半導体装置の製造方法であって、
n型不純物を含むn型半導体層の上に、p型不純物を含むp型半導体層を積層する積層工程と、
前記p型半導体層にn型不純物をイオン注入し、前記イオン注入したn型不純物を活性化させるための熱処理を行うことによって、前記p型半導体層の少なくとも一部にn型半導体領域を形成するn型半導体領域形成工程と、
前記p型半導体層を貫通して、前記n型半導体層に至るまで落ち込んだトレンチを形成するトレンチ形成工程と、を備え、
前記n型半導体領域形成工程において、前記n型半導体領域の下方に位置する前記n型半導体層の少なくとも一部に、前記p型半導体層に含まれるp型不純物が拡散するp型不純物拡散領域が形成され、
前記トレンチ形成工程は、前記n型半導体領域形成工程の後に行われ、
前記トレンチ形成工程において、前記p型不純物拡散領域の少なくとも一部と重なる位置に前記トレンチが形成されることにより、前記トレンチの底面の少なくとも一部が、前記p型不純物拡散領域により形成される、半導体装置の製造方法である。
また、本発明は、以下の形態によっても実現することができる。
前記基板は、前記n型半導体層及び前記p型半導体層と異なる半導体により形成されていてもよい。この形態の半導体装置の製造方法においても、トレンチ底面の外周付近に電界が集中することを抑制できる。
A−1.半導体装置の構成
図1は、第1実施形態における半導体装置100の構成を模式的に示す断面図である。半導体装置100は、窒化ガリウム(GaN)を用いて形成されたGaN系の半導体装置である。半導体装置100は、トレンチゲート構造を有する。本明細書において、「トレンチゲート構造」とは、半導体層にトレンチを形成し、その中にゲート電極の少なくとも一部が埋め込まれている構造を言う。本実施形態では、半導体装置100は、縦型トレンチMISFET(Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor)である。本実施形態では、半導体装置100は、電力制御に用いられ、パワーデバイスとも呼ばれる。
図2は、第1実施形態における半導体装置100の製造方法を示す工程図である。まず、製造者は、基板105を準備する(工程P100)。本実施形態では、基板105は、サファイア(Al2O3)から主に形成されている。
〈第1のイオン注入条件〉
・1回目
加速電圧:30keV
ドーズ量:0.5×1014cm−2
・2回目
加速電圧:50keV
ドーズ量:1×1014cm−2
・3回目
加速電圧:100keV
ドーズ量:1×1014cm−2
・4回目
加速電圧:150keV
ドーズ量:2×1014cm−2
・5回目
加速電圧:200keV
ドーズ量:2×1014cm−2
・6回目
加速電圧:250keV
ドーズ量:2×1014cm−2
・7回目
加速電圧:350keV
ドーズ量:4×1014cm−2
・8回目
加速電圧:500keV
ドーズ量:1×1015cm−2
・1回目
加速電圧:50keV
ドーズ量:6.5×1014cm−2
・2回目
加速電圧:100keV
ドーズ量:6.5×1014cm−2
<熱処理の条件>
雰囲気ガス:窒素
加熱温度:1150℃
加熱時間:4分
第1実施形態の半導体装置100の製造方法によれば、p型不純物のイオン注入を行わずに、n型半導体領域形成工程(工程P110)においてp型不純物拡散領域118,119が形成される。このため、第1実施形態の半導体装置100の製造方法によれば、トレンチ122の底面BS2の外周付近に電界が集中することを抑制できる。この結果として、第1実施形態の半導体装置100の製造方法によれば、半導体装置の耐圧を向上できる。
評価試験には、以下の試料を用いた。試験者は、試料1から試料3を用意した。具体的には、試験者は、まず、第1実施形態と同じ方法により、基板105を準備して(工程P105)、結晶成長を行った(工程P110)。その後、試験者は、(i)イオン注入(工程P120)を行わず、熱処理(工程P130)を行った試料1と、(ii)イオン注入(工程P120)を行い、熱処理(工程P130)を行わない試料2と、(iii)イオン注入(工程P120)を行った後、熱処理(工程P130)を行った試料3とを用意した。つまり、試料1から試料3は以下のような関係となる。なお、試験者は、イオン注入として、上述した(i)n型半導体領域117を形成するための第1のイオン注入(工程P122)と、(ii)n型半導体領域116を形成するための第2のイオン注入(工程P124)との両方を行った。
・試料1:イオン注入無し、熱処理有り
・試料2:イオン注入有り、熱処理無し
・試料3:イオン注入有り、熱処理有り
図12は、第2実施形態における半導体装置200の構成を模式的に示す断面図である。第2実施形態の半導体装置200は、第1実施形態の半導体装置100と比較して、半導体装置100のソース電極141とボディ電極144との機能を備えるソース電極141Aを備えている点が異なるが、それ以外は同じである。第2実施形態のソース電極141Aは、−Z軸方向側から順に、パラジウム(Pd)から形成されている層と、チタン(Ti)から形成されている層と、アルミニウム(Al)から形成されている層とを積層した後、アニール処理(熱処理)した電極である。なお、ソース電極141Aは、チタン(Ti)から形成されている層と、アルミニウム(Al)から形成されている層とを積層せず、パラジウム(Pd)から形成されている層のみとしてもよい。
図13は、第3実施形態における半導体装置300の構成を模式的に示す断面図である。第3実施形態の半導体装置300は、第1実施形態の半導体装置100と比較して、トレンチ122の底面BS2の一部がp型不純物拡散領域119により形成されていない点が異なるが、それ以外は同じである。つまり、半導体装置300のn型半導体領域117Aの形成位置が、半導体装置100のn型半導体領域117の形成位置と異なるため、半導体装置300のp型不純物拡散領域119Aの形成位置が、半導体装置100のp型不純物拡散領域119の形成位置と異なるが、それ以外は同じである。
図14は、第4実施形態における半導体装置400の構成を模式的に示す断面図である。第4実施形態の半導体装置400は、第3実施形態の半導体装置300と比較して、(i)n型半導体領域116が形成されていないことにより、p型不純物拡散領域118が形成されていない点が異なり、(ii)半導体装置400のn型半導体領域117Bの形成位置が、半導体装置300のn型半導体領域117Aの形成位置と異なるが、それ以外は同じである。第4実施形態では、トランジスタをオンにできるように、Z軸方向から見たときに、ゲート電極142とn型半導体領域117Bとの少なくとも一部が重なるように、n型半導体領域117Bの形成位置が決定されている。
図15は、第5実施形態における半導体装置500の構成を模式的に示す断面図である。第5実施形態の半導体装置500は、第1実施形態の半導体装置100と比較して、(i)基板105とバッファ層107とを備えず、(ii)n型半導体層110の変わりに、窒化ガリウム基板110Aを用い、(iii)窒化ガリウム基板110Aの−Z軸方向側の面にドレイン電極143Aを備える点が異なるが、それ以外は同じである。本実施形態では、窒化ガリウム基板110Aのケイ素濃度は1.0×1018cm−3である。また、本実施形態では、n型半導体層112のケイ素濃度は1.0×1016cm−3であり、膜厚は10μmである。
本発明は、上述の実施形態や実施例、変形例に限られるものではなく、その趣旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々の構成で実現することができる。例えば、発明の概要の欄に記載した各形態中の技術的特徴に対応する実施形態、実施例、変形例中の技術的特徴は、上述の課題の一部または全部を解決するために、あるいは、上述の効果の一部または全部を達成するために、適宜、差し替えや、組み合わせを行うことが可能である。また、その技術的特徴が本明細書中に必須なものとして説明されていなければ、適宜、削除することが可能である。
105…基板
107…バッファ層
110…n型半導体層
110A…窒化ガリウム基板
112…n型半導体層
114…p型半導体層
116…n型半導体領域
116N…イオン注入領域
117…n型半導体領域
117A…n型半導体領域
117B…n型半導体領域
117N…イオン注入領域
118…p型不純物拡散領域
119…p型不純物拡散領域
119A…p型不純物拡散領域
121…コンタクトホール
122…トレンチ
128…凹部
130…絶縁膜
141…ソース電極(第1の電極)
141A…ソース電極(第1の電極)
142…ゲート電極(制御電極)
143…ドレイン電極(第2の電極)
143A…ドレイン電極(第2の電極)
144…ボディ電極(第1の電極)
200…半導体装置
210…膜
220…マスク
230…マスク
240…キャップ膜
300…半導体装置
400…半導体装置
500…半導体装置
BS1…底面
BS2…底面
Claims (5)
- トレンチゲート構造を有する半導体装置の製造方法であって、
n型不純物を含むn型半導体層の上に、p型不純物を含むp型半導体層を積層する積層工程と、
前記p型半導体層にn型不純物をイオン注入し、前記イオン注入したn型不純物を活性化させるための熱処理を行うことによって、前記p型半導体層の少なくとも一部にn型半導体領域を形成するn型半導体領域形成工程と、
前記p型半導体層を貫通して、前記n型半導体層に至るまで落ち込んだトレンチを形成するトレンチ形成工程と、を備え、
前記n型半導体領域形成工程において、前記n型半導体領域の下方に位置する前記n型半導体層の少なくとも一部に、前記p型半導体層に含まれるp型不純物が拡散するp型不純物拡散領域が形成され、
前記積層の方向において、前記p型不純物拡散領域の底面は、前記トレンチの底面と同じか、もしくは前記トレンチの底面より下に位置し、
前記p型不純物拡散領域のp型不純物の濃度は、前記n型半導体層のn型不純物の濃度よりも大きい、半導体装置の製造方法。 - トレンチゲート構造を有する半導体装置の製造方法であって、
n型不純物を含むn型半導体層の上に、p型不純物を含むp型半導体層を積層する積層工程と、
前記p型半導体層にn型不純物をイオン注入し、前記イオン注入したn型不純物を活性化させるための熱処理を行うことによって、前記p型半導体層の少なくとも一部にn型半導体領域を形成するn型半導体領域形成工程と、
前記p型半導体層を貫通して、前記n型半導体層に至るまで落ち込んだトレンチを形成するトレンチ形成工程と、を備え、
前記n型半導体領域形成工程において、前記n型半導体領域の下方に位置する前記n型半導体層の少なくとも一部に、前記p型半導体層に含まれるp型不純物が拡散するp型不純物拡散領域が形成され、
前記トレンチ形成工程は、前記n型半導体領域形成工程の後に行われ、
前記トレンチ形成工程において、前記p型不純物拡散領域の少なくとも一部と重なる位置に前記トレンチが形成されることにより、前記トレンチの底面の少なくとも一部が、前記p型不純物拡散領域により形成される、半導体装置の製造方法。 - 請求項1または請求項2に記載の半導体装置の製造方法であって、
前記積層工程は、さらに、基板の上に、バッファ層を積層する工程と、前記バッファ層の上に、前記n型半導体層を積層する工程と、を備え、
前記基板は、前記n型半導体層及び前記p型半導体層と異なる半導体により形成されている、半導体装置の製造方法。 - 請求項3に記載の半導体装置の製造方法であって、さらに、
前記トレンチの内側に絶縁膜を形成する工程と、
前記n型半導体領域と接する第1の電極を形成する工程と、
前記n型半導体層の上に、第2の電極を形成する工程と、
前記絶縁膜の上に、前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極との間の電流の流れを制御する制御電極を形成する工程と、を備える、半導体装置の製造方法。 - 請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置の製造方法であって、
前記n型半導体層及び前記p型半導体層は、主に、窒化物半導体により形成されている、半導体装置の製造方法。
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