JP6482473B2 - アノード触媒層の使用 - Google Patents
アノード触媒層の使用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6482473B2 JP6482473B2 JP2015555792A JP2015555792A JP6482473B2 JP 6482473 B2 JP6482473 B2 JP 6482473B2 JP 2015555792 A JP2015555792 A JP 2015555792A JP 2015555792 A JP2015555792 A JP 2015555792A JP 6482473 B2 JP6482473 B2 JP 6482473B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- anode
- catalyst layer
- catalyst
- carbon monoxide
- binary alloy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 105
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 85
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 54
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Description
(i)PtXの二元合金[式中、Xは、NbおよびTaからなる群から選択される金属であり、合金中の白金の原子百分率は、45から80原子%までであり、合金中のXの原子百分率は、20から55原子%までである]および
(ii)PtX合金が分散される担体材料
を含み、
アノード触媒層中の白金の全担持量が0.01から0.2mgPt/cm2までであり、
燃料電池の動作中、最大で5ppmの一酸化炭素を含む水素流がアノード触媒層に供給されるアノード触媒層の使用を提供する。
(i)PtXの二元合金[式中、Xは、NbおよびTaからなる群から選択される金属であり、合金中の白金の原子百分率は、45から80原子%までであり、合金中のXの原子百分率は、20から55原子%までである]および
(ii)PtX合金が分散される担体材料
を含み、
アノード触媒層中の白金の全担持量が0.01から0.2mgPt/cm2までであり、
アノードに最大で5ppmの一酸化炭素を含む水素流を供給することを含む方法を提供する。
(i)PtXの二元合金[式中、Xは、NbおよびTaからなる群から選択される金属であり、合金中の白金の原子百分率は、45から80原子%までであり、合金中のXの原子百分率は、20から55原子%までである]および
(ii)PtX合金が分散される担体材料
を含み、
アノード触媒層中の白金の全担持量が0.01から0.2mgPt/cm2までであり、
燃料電池の動作中、最大で5ppmの一酸化炭素を含む水素流がアノード触媒層に供給されるアノード電極、触媒被覆膜または膜電極接合体の使用を提供する。
剪断ミキサーを使用してカーボンブラックを水中に分散させ、反応容器に移した。K2PtCl4をスラリーに添加して、昇温してNaOHで加水分解した。第2の金属の溶液を懸濁液に添加して、NaOHで中和した。金属の堆積が完了したとき、濾過によって触媒を回収し、可溶性イオンがなくなるまで濾床上において脱塩水で洗浄した。材料を乾燥させ、次いで、不活性雰囲気下において高温でアニーリングした。
K2PtCl4=17.17g(8.00g、0.0411mol Pt)
NbCl5=3.67g(1.27g、0.0136mol Nb)、濃HCl(約50ml)中に溶解させ、水で希釈(450ml)
1M NaOH=必要に応じて
Ketjen EC 300J(2.8%水分)=11.07g
アニーリング温度:1000℃で2時間
K2PtCl4=21.48g(10.00g、0.0512mol Pt)
TaCl5=6.11g(4.64g、0.0171mol Ta)、濃HCl(50ml)中に溶解させ、水で800mlに希釈
1M NaOH=必要に応じて
グラファイト化(1400℃)Ketjen EC 300J(1.0%水分)=37.28g
アニーリング温度:800℃で2時間
使用したPt触媒は、Johnson Matthey Fuel Cells Limitedから入手可能なHiSPEC(登録商標) 2000であった。
使用したPtRu触媒は、Johnson Matthey Fuel Cells Limitedから入手可能なHiSPEC(登録商標) 10000であった。
0.5gの実施例1を含む分散液と、触媒担持材料の重量に対して120%の乾燥Nafion重量を目標とした十分な水性Nafion溶液(11%固形物)とを剪断混合して、インクを形成させた。実施例2ならびに比較例1および2を使用して、この過程を繰り返した。
熱接着を用いずにCCMをアノード気体拡散層およびカソード気体拡散層と組み合わせて、MEAを形成させた。80℃、7.2psigにおいて、完全に加湿した気体反応物質によってMEA試験を行った。H2をカソード電極に供給することによって得られるアノード分極曲線を、アノード電極に与えられた(i)純粋なH2、(ii)H2中の5ppmの一酸化炭素、および(iii)H2中の2ppmの一酸化炭素を使用して得た。
Claims (8)
- プロトン交換膜燃料電池における一酸化炭素耐性触媒材料を含むアノード触媒層の使用であって、前記触媒材料が、
(i)Pt 3 Nb又はPt 3 Taから選択される二元合金および
(ii)二元合金が分散される担体材料
を含み、
アノード触媒層中の白金の全担持量が0.01から0.2mgPt/cm2までであり、
燃料電池の作動中、最大で5ppmの低いレベルの一酸化炭素を含む純粋でない水素流がアノードに供給される、アノード触媒層の使用。 - 二元合金が、二元合金と担体材料の全重量に対する白金の重量に基づいて10〜50重量%である、請求項1に記載のアノード触媒層の使用。
- アノードがさらに第2の触媒を含む、請求項1又は2に記載のアノード触媒層の使用。
- 第2の触媒が酸素発生触媒である、請求項3に記載のアノード触媒層の使用。
- 一酸化炭素耐性触媒材料を含むアノード触媒層を含むアノード電極の使用であって、前記触媒材料が、
(i)Pt 3 Nb又はPt 3 Taから選択される二元合金および
(ii)二元合金が分散される担体材料
を含み、
アノード触媒層中の白金の全担持量が0.01から0.2mgPt/cm2までであり、
燃料電池の作動中、最大で5ppmの低いレベルの一酸化炭素を含む水素流がアノード触媒層に供給される、アノード電極の使用。 - 一酸化炭素耐性触媒材料を含むアノード触媒層を含む触媒被覆膜の使用であって、前記触媒材料が、
(i)Pt 3 Nb又はPt 3 Taから選択される二元合金および
(ii)二元合金が分散される担体材料
を含み、
アノード触媒層中の白金の全担持量が0.01から0.2mgPt/cm2までであり、
燃料電池の作動中、最大で5ppmの低いレベルの一酸化炭素を含む水素流がアノード触媒層に供給される、触媒被覆膜の使用。 - 一酸化炭素耐性触媒材料を含むアノード触媒層を含む膜電極接合体の使用であって、前記触媒材料が、
(i)Pt 3 Nb又はPt 3 Taから選択される二元合金および
(ii)二元合金が分散される担体材料
を含み、
アノード触媒層中の白金の全担持量が0.01から0.2mgPt/cm2までであり、
燃料電池の作動中、最大で5ppmの低いレベルの一酸化炭素を含む水素流がアノード触媒層に供給される、膜電極接合体の使用。 - アノード、カソード、およびアノードとカソードとの間に配置されているポリマー電解質膜を備える燃料電池を作動させる方法であって、アノードが、一酸化炭素耐性触媒材料を含むアノード触媒層を含み、前記触媒材料が、
(i)Pt 3 Nb又はPt 3 Taから選択される二元合金および
(ii)二元合金が分散される担体材料
を含み、
アノード触媒層中の白金の全担持量が0.01から0.2mgPt/cm2までであり、
最大で5ppmの低いレベルの一酸化炭素を含む純粋でない水素流をアノードに供給することを含む、方法。
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GBGB1302014.4A GB201302014D0 (en) | 2013-02-05 | 2013-02-05 | Use of an anode catalyst layer |
GB1302014.4 | 2013-02-05 | ||
PCT/GB2014/050227 WO2014122427A1 (en) | 2013-02-05 | 2014-01-29 | Use of an anode catalyst layer |
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JP2015555794A Active JP6483623B2 (ja) | 2013-02-05 | 2014-01-29 | アノード触媒層の使用 |
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EP (3) | EP2954584B1 (ja) |
JP (4) | JP6482473B2 (ja) |
KR (3) | KR102176928B1 (ja) |
CN (3) | CN104969395B (ja) |
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