JP6456689B2 - 水性フルオロポリマー組成物 - Google Patents
水性フルオロポリマー組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6456689B2 JP6456689B2 JP2014522886A JP2014522886A JP6456689B2 JP 6456689 B2 JP6456689 B2 JP 6456689B2 JP 2014522886 A JP2014522886 A JP 2014522886A JP 2014522886 A JP2014522886 A JP 2014522886A JP 6456689 B2 JP6456689 B2 JP 6456689B2
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- carbonate
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- aqueous
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 67
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 34
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 title claims description 34
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 45
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 150000005677 organic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000006254 rheological additive Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 nanotitanate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VKSWWACDZPRJAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxepan-2-one Chemical class O=C1OCCCCO1 VKSWWACDZPRJAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ILXAVRFGLBYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium;manganese(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Mn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ILXAVRFGLBYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 17
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- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N NMP Substances CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 239000002491 polymer binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrifluoroethylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)Cl UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013011 aqueous formulation Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl carbonate Chemical compound COC([O-])=O CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- CQDGTJPVBWZJAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N monoethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(O)=O CQDGTJPVBWZJAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001983 poloxamer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NDMMKOCNFSTXRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)=C(F)F NDMMKOCNFSTXRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PGJHURKAWUJHLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FCC(F)=C(F)F PGJHURKAWUJHLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RRZIJNVZMJUGTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(1,2,2-trifluoroethenoxy)ethene Chemical class FC(F)=C(F)OC(F)=C(F)F RRZIJNVZMJUGTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLTXWCKMNMYXEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)ethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)OC(F)(F)F BLTXWCKMNMYXEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoroethene Chemical group FC=C(F)F MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZPCMSSQHRAJCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-1-(1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoropent-1-enoxy)pent-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)=C(F)OC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F BZPCMSSQHRAJCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDMFUZHCIRHGRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C=C FDMFUZHCIRHGRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920002009 Pluronic® 31R1 Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920013820 alkyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000005600 alkyl phosphonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BTBJBAZGXNKLQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium lauryl sulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O BTBJBAZGXNKLQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940063953 ammonium lauryl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- DISYGAAFCMVRKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl ethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)OCC DISYGAAFCMVRKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FWBMVXOCTXTBAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)OC FWBMVXOCTXTBAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007766 curtain coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLVWOKQMDLQXNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)OCCCC QLVWOKQMDLQXNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- MOTZDAYCYVMXPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(O)(=O)=O MOTZDAYCYVMXPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043264 dodecyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QKBJDEGZZJWPJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound [CH2]COC(=O)OCCC QKBJDEGZZJWPJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethene Chemical compound FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- CPSYWNLKRDURMG-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydron;manganese(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [Mn+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O CPSYWNLKRDURMG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002563 ionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000398 iron phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940094522 laponite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XCOBTUNSZUJCDH-UHFFFAOYSA-B lithium magnesium sodium silicate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Na+].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3 XCOBTUNSZUJCDH-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 1
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010128 melt processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000159 nickel phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002113 octoxynol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006174 pH buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920005569 poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- AHIHJODVQGBOND-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(O)=O AHIHJODVQGBOND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XKXIQBVKMABYQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M tert-butyl carbonate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC([O-])=O XKXIQBVKMABYQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N triton Chemical class [3H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
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- C08K5/15—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring
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- C08K5/1565—Five-membered rings
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- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08L27/16—Homopolymers or copolymers or vinylidene fluoride
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- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D127/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D127/02—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C09D127/12—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C09D127/16—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinylidene fluoride
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Description
a)0.5〜150部の、500nm未満の重量平均粒径を有するフルオロポリマー粒子の固形分を有する水性フルオロポリマー;
b)10〜500部の、1種または複数種の粉体状電極形成物質;
c)1〜150部の有機カーボネート;
d)100部の水。
本明細書で使用するとき、「フッ化ビニリデンポリマー」(PVDF)という用語には、その意味合いの範囲内に、通常高分子量の、ホモポリマー、コポリマー、およびターポリマーが含まれる。そのようなコポリマーとしては、少なくとも50モルパーセント、好ましくは少なくとも75モル%、より好ましくは少なくとも80モル%、さらにより好ましくは少なくとも85モル%のフッ化ビニリデンを含み、テトラフルオロエチレン、トリフルオロエチレン、クロロトリフルオロエチレン、ヘキサフルオロプロペン、フッ化ビニル、ペンタフルオロプロペン、テトラフルオロプロペン、トリフルオロプロペン、ペルフルオロメチルビニルエーテル、ペルフルオロプロピルビニルエーテル、およびその他各種の、フッ化ビニリデンと容易に共重合するであろうモノマー、からなる群より選択される1種または複数種のコモノマーと共重合させたものが挙げられる。
本発明の水性スラリーには、フルオロポリマーおよび水に加えて、少なくとも1種の有機カーボネートが含まれる。有機カーボネートは、逃散性接着促進剤として機能して、本発明の組成物から形成される電極の中で必要とされる相互接続性を作り出す。本明細書で使用するとき、「逃散性接着促進剤(fugitive adhesion promoter)」という用語は、基材の上にコーティングした後での組成物の相互接続性を向上させる薬剤を意味している。次いでその逃散性接着促進剤は、形成された電極から、一般的には蒸発(化学物質の場合)によるか、または放散(添加エネルギーの場合)によって除去することができる。
a)一般式(R2)CO3(R1)を有するカーボネート[式中、R1およびR2は、直鎖状または分岐状のC1〜4アルキル基を表し、R1とR2は異なるものの同一とすることができる]。例としては、たとえば以下のものが挙げられる:メチルカーボネート、エチルカーボネート、n−プロピルカーボネート、sec−プロピルカーボネート、n−ブチルカーボネート、t−ブチルカーボネート、メチル−エチルカーボネート、メチル−プロピルカーボネート、エチル−プロピルカーボネート、メチル−ブチルカーボネート、およびエチル−ブチルカーボネート。
b)エチレンカーボネート、CAS#96−49−1(35〜38℃の融点を有するもの):
c)プロピレンカーボネート、CAS#108−32−7(240℃の沸点を有するもの);
d)ブチレンカーボネート異性体;および
e)ビニレンカーボネート。
本発明の組成物には、水100部あたり、10〜500部、好ましくは20〜400部、より好ましくは25〜300部の1種または複数種の粉体状電極形成物質が含まれる。粉体状電極形成物質の性質は、その組成物が、正電極の形成に用いられるか、あるいは負電極の形成に用いられるかに依存する。正電極の場合においては、その活性電極物質は、リチウムおよび/または遷移金属(非限定的に挙げれば、たとえばコバルト、マンガン、アルミニウム、チタン、またはニッケル、およびリン酸鉄、リン酸マンガン)の、酸化物、硫化物または水酸化物であってよい。リチウムの複塩および三重塩もまた考えられる。好ましい正電極物質としては以下のものが挙げられるが、これらに限定される訳ではない:LiCoO2、LiNixCo1-xO2、LiMn2O2、LiNiO2、LiFePO4、LiNixCoyMnzOm、LiNixMnyAlzOm[式中、x+y+z=1であり、mは、酸化物の中で電子的にバランスのとれた分子を与える、酸素原子の数を表す整数である];さらには、リチウム−金属酸化物、たとえばリチウムコバルト酸化物、リン酸鉄リチウム、リン酸マンガンリチウム、リチウム−ニッケル酸化物、およびリチウム−マンガン酸化物。
本発明の組成物には、任意選択で、その他の添加剤を有効量で含むが、そのようなものとしては以下のものが挙げられる:界面活性剤または沈降防止剤、濡れ剤、増粘剤およびレオロジー調節剤、充填剤、レベリング剤、消泡剤、pH緩衝液、ならびにその他の補助剤(典型的には、電極で所望される要求を満たしながら、水性配合において使用されるもの)。
本発明の水系電極形成組成物は、各種多くの方法で得ることができる。
水性フルオロポリマーの合成:
80ガロンのステンレス鋼反応器の中に、345ポンドの脱イオン水および250グラムのPluronic 31R1ノニオン性界面活性剤(BASF製)を仕込んだ。脱気をしてから、23rpmで撹拌をはじめ、反応器を加熱して100℃にした。反応器の温度が所望の設定値に達したら、その反応器の中に0.6ポンドのプロパンを仕込んだ。次いで、その反応器の中に約35ポンドのフッ化ビニリデン(VDF)を仕込むことによって、反応器の圧力を650psiにまで上げた。反応器の圧力が安定したら、5.2ポンドの水系重合開始剤溶液(1重量%の過硫酸カリウムおよび1重量%の酢酸ナトリウムを含む)を反応器に添加して、重合をジャンプスタートさせた。さらなる重合開始剤溶液の添加速度を調節して、VDFの重合速度を約70ポンド/時間に維持できるようにした。100ポンドのVDFを反応器にフィードするまでVDFのホモ重合を続け、その時点でラウリル硫酸ナトリウム(SLS)の1重量%水溶液を、モノマーに対する比率1.5%で、反応器の中に導入した。反応器に、合計して150ポンドのモノマーと18.3ポンドの重合開始剤溶液とを添加したら、すべてのフィードを停止した。20分経過してから、撹拌を停止し、反応器のガス抜きをし、ラテックスを回収した。ラテックスは、粒径155nmで、27%の固形分を有していた。その最終的なラテックスに、固形分に対する比率0.5%でSLSの溶液を添加した。そのラテックス凝固させることによってポリマー樹脂を単離し、脱イオン水を用いてそのラテックスを洗浄し、乾燥させた。その樹脂は、232℃で測定して24キロポワズの溶融粘度と、163〜168℃のDSC融点とを有していた。
LiCoO2カソードを使用し、2.0Ahの公称容量を有する、一方はSPS−2を用いて作られており、他方はSPS−2プラスNMPの、18650個の電池を2組準備し、それらを60℃でのサイクル試験にかけた。崩壊速度は一般的に、室温に比較すれば高温ではより早いので、60℃での結果は有意である。1.5%のSPS−2バインダーを用いて作られた電池のペアと、1.5%WFプラス5重量%NMPを用いて作られたもう一つのペアについて、60℃における放電容量対サイクル数を求めた。100サイクル経過後には、それらの電池は、その初期容量の約7%を失ったが、このことは、SPS−2が、驚くべきことには、リチウムイオンカソードに対する極めて良好な水系バインダーであることを示している。電池はすべて、1A、2.8Vで放電させ、1.5A、4.2Vで充電した。
Claims (12)
- リチウムイオン電池の電極を製作するために用いられる水系組成物であって、
a)0.5〜150部の、500nm未満の重量平均粒径を有する、フルオロ界面活性剤フリーのフルオロポリマー粒子;
b)10〜500部の、1種または複数種の粉体状電極形成物質;
c)1〜150部の、1種または複数種の有機カーボネート;
d)100部の、水;
(すべての部は、100重量部の水を基準とした重量部である)
を含み、
前記フルオロポリマーが、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)ホモポリマーであるか、または少なくとも70モルパーセントのフッ化ビニリデン単位を含むコポリマーである、、水系組成物。 - a)1〜100部の、400nm未満の重量平均粒径を有するフルオロポリマー粒子;
b)20〜400部の、1種または複数種の粉体状電極形成物質;
c)2〜100部の、1種または複数種の有機カーボネート;
d)100部の、水;
を含み、すべての部は、100重量部の水を基準とした重量部である、
請求項1に記載の水系組成物。 - a)5〜75部の、300nm未満の重量平均粒径を有するフルオロポリマー粒子;
b)25〜300部の、1種または複数種の粉体状電極形成物質;
c)10〜75部の、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート及びビニレンカーボネートから選択される1種または複数種の有機カーボネート;
d)100部の、水;
を含み、すべての部は、100重量部の水を基準とした重量部である、
請求項2に記載の水系組成物。 - 前記有機カーボネートが、一般式(R2)CO3(R1)を有するカーボネート[式中、R1およびR2は同一であっても異なっていてもよく、直鎖状または分岐状のC1-4アルキル基を表す];エチレンカーボネート;プロピレンカーボネート;ブチレンカーボネート異性体;およびビニレンカーボネート、ならびにそれらの混合物、からなる群より選択される、請求項1に記載の水系組成物。
- 界面活性剤、沈降防止剤、濡れ剤、増粘剤、レオロジー調節剤、充填剤、レベリング剤、消泡剤、およびpH緩衝液からなる群より選択される1種または複数種の添加剤をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の水系組成物。
- 前記PVDFが、ASTM D−3835により、450゜F、100sec-1で測定して、1.0kpより高い溶融粘度を有する、請求項1に記載の水系組成物。
- 前記粉体状電極物質が、金属の酸化物、硫化物および水酸化物のリチウム塩;LiCoO2、LiNixCo1-xO2、LiMn2O2、LiNiO2、LiFePO4、LiNixCoyMnzOm、LiNixMnyAlzOm[式中、x+y+z=1であり、mは、酸化物中の酸素原子の数を表す整数である];リチウムコバルト酸化物、リン酸鉄リチウム、リン酸マンガンリチウム、リチウム−ニッケル酸化物、およびリチウム−マンガン酸化物、炭素質物質、ナノチタネート、グラファイト、活性炭、カーボンブラック、フェノール樹脂、ピッチ、タール、および炭素繊維、からなる群より選択される1種または複数種の物質を含む、請求項1に記載の水系組成物。
- 乾燥された形態にある、請求項1に記載の水系組成物を用いて少なくとも一つの表面をコーティングされた導電性基材を含む電極であって、前記電極が相互接続性を示し、前記の乾燥された形態にある組成物が500nm未満の重量平均粒径を有する離散したフルオロポリマー粒子を含有する、電極。
- 前記粉体状電極物質が、PVDFによって完全にはコーティングされていない、請求項8に記載の電極。
- 非水系のタイプの電池、コンデンサー、および膜電極組立体からなる群より選択される、請求項9に記載の少なくとも一つの電極を含む素子。
- 乾燥された形態にある、請求項2に記載の水系組成物を用いて少なくとも一つの表面をコーティングされた導電性基材を含む電極であって、前記電極が相互接続性を示す、電極。
- 非水系のタイプの電池、コンデンサー、および膜電極組立体からなる群より選択される、請求項11に記載の少なくとも一つの電極を含む素子。
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US13/192,968 US20120015246A1 (en) | 2010-05-27 | 2011-07-28 | Waterborne fluoropolymer composition |
PCT/US2012/047298 WO2013016110A1 (en) | 2011-07-28 | 2012-07-19 | Waterborne fluoropolymer composition |
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EP2737566A4 (en) | 2015-04-01 |
US9239051B1 (en) | 2016-01-19 |
AR089555A1 (es) | 2014-09-03 |
US20160133988A1 (en) | 2016-05-12 |
EP2737566A1 (en) | 2014-06-04 |
CN109755583A (zh) | 2019-05-14 |
KR101993590B1 (ko) | 2019-06-28 |
US20120015246A1 (en) | 2012-01-19 |
KR20170003693A (ko) | 2017-01-09 |
US9799917B2 (en) | 2017-10-24 |
EP2737566B1 (en) | 2016-10-19 |
JP2014525964A (ja) | 2014-10-02 |
WO2013016110A1 (en) | 2013-01-31 |
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CN103620841A (zh) | 2014-03-05 |
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