JP6433661B2 - リチウム硫黄電池の正極及びこの製造方法 - Google Patents
リチウム硫黄電池の正極及びこの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[S] Chemical compound [Li].[S] JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 29
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 229910018091 Li 2 S Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical group [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical group COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
- QNIHZKIMYOTOTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroform;lithium Chemical compound [Li].FC(F)F.FC(F)F QNIHZKIMYOTOTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 Li2Sn Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VDFVNEFVBPFDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxane Chemical compound C1COCOC1 VDFVNEFVBPFDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910007552 Li2Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon carbon Chemical compound C.C CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium sulfide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[S-2] GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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Description
先行発明は、電解質の必須要素の1つであるリチウム塩にLi2Sxを1つの候補群として提示したものであるが、本発明は、リチウム塩としてLiTFSI(Lithium−Bis−Trifluoromethanesulfonyl−Imide)を用い、活物質のSをさらに電解質に溶かすためにLi2S8の形態で過量添加したものである。一方、本発明の正極は、多量または過量の活物質が電解質内に溶解されているため、この電気化学的駆動及び容量を得るためには、正極板の他、反応領域(reaction site)となる表面積の広い伝導構造体が必ず必要であり、これを充足させるために本発明では伝導構造体としてカーボンシート(carbon sheet)を用いる。
リチウム塩は、上述したように、電解質の必須要素であるが、電解質にさらなる活物質を溶かすことはリチウム塩と共に適用する。本発明において、さらなる活物質の核心は、電解質に溶けられる形態のSを入れるという点である。電解質に溶けられる形態は、例えば、Li2S8である。リチウム塩でのリチウムは、活物質でなく、イオン伝導(ion transfer)のためのもので、Sが含まれたLi2Sx活物質とは明確に異なる概念である。一方、上述した先行文献でリチウム塩としてLi2Sxを候補群として提示したが、電解質のリチウム塩として使用するためには塩の溶解度と化学的安定性が優れていなければならず、単独リチウム塩では使用できない。しかし、本発明ではイオン伝導のためのリチウム塩と共にさらなる活物質のLi2Sxを適用するため、電解質内でそれぞれの機能を行う。
本発明は、硫黄含有活物質、リチウム塩がエーテル系溶媒に溶解されている電解質、及び前記電解質に溶解されたLi2Sx(0<x≦9)形態のさらなる液状活物質を含むリチウム硫黄電池の正極を提供する。
製造例1
リチウム硫黄電池の初期正極状態はS(S8)、負極はリチウム金属(Li)である。放電が開始されると、S8がLiを受けてリチウムポリスルフィドLi2S8を生成する。Li2S8は電解質に溶解されながら反応に参加する。放電反応の最終正極産物はLi2Sである。Li2S8の電解質(1M LiTFSI in TEGDME)に対する飽和溶解度は約6Mである。
製造例2
0.25M、1M及び3MのPS(Li2S8)電解質を製造した。
0.2MのLiNO3溶液にLi2S(45.95g/mol)とS(32.06g/mol)粉末を化学量論的組成に合うように混合した。化学量論的組成は、反応式(7×S+xLi2S=xLi2S8)による。50℃で12時間撹拌(stirring)した結果、3Mの場合は粉末が溶解しきれない。DIOX混合溶媒であり、LiTFSI、LiNO3の塩(salt)が予め溶解されている電解質であるため、溶解度が低いことであると判断される。
ケース1(PS電解質添加、1M)
正極の組成は、微粉硫黄:VGCF(Vapor Grown Carbon Fiber):PvdF(Polyvinylidenefluoride)=6:2:2、硫黄負荷量は4.0mg/cm2となるように製造した。
正極の組成は、微粉硫黄:VGCF:PvdF=6:2:2、硫黄負荷量は4.0mg/cm2となるように製造した。
−ケース1の実験結果を下記グラフに示す。
Claims (5)
- 硫黄含有活物質を含む正極と、
電解質と、
セパレーターと、
リチウムを含む負極と、
前記正極と前記セパレーターとの間に存在する伝導構造体とを含み、
前記電解質は、リチウム塩がエーテル系溶媒に溶解されている一般電解質と、前記一般電解質に溶解されたLi2Sx(0<x≦9)形態のさらなる液状活物質を含むPS電解質で構成され、前記PS電解質が、前記正極と前記伝導構造体との間に注液されている、ことを特徴とするリチウム硫黄電池。 - 前記一般電解質内のさらなる液状活物質Li2Sx(0<x≦9)の濃度は0Mを超え6M以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム硫黄電池。
- 前記エーテル系溶媒は、TEGDME(Tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether)、DIOX(1,3−dioxolane)またはこれらの混合物であり、これに溶解されたリチウム塩はLiTFSI(Lithium−Bis−Trifluoromethanesulfonyl−Imide)であり、LiTFSIの濃度は0.99〜1.01Mであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム硫黄電池。
- 前記TEGDME(Tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether)及びDIOX(1,3−dioxolane)の混合比率は1:1であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載のリチウム硫黄電池。
- 前記伝導構造体は、カーボンシート(carbon sheet)であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム硫黄電池。
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KR1020130130784A KR101558669B1 (ko) | 2013-10-31 | 2013-10-31 | 리튬황 전지의 양극 및 이의 제조방법 |
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US (1) | US20150118578A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6433661B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101558669B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN104600257A (ja) |
DE (1) | DE102014201174B4 (ja) |
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JP6956641B2 (ja) | 2015-06-24 | 2021-11-02 | クアンタムスケイプ バテリー, インク. | 複合電解質 |
EP3384548A4 (en) | 2015-12-04 | 2019-07-24 | QuantumScape Corporation | COMPOSITIONS OF ELECTROLYTES AND CATHOLYTES COMPRISING LITHIUM, PHOSPHORUS, SULFUR AND IODINE, ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANES FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICES, AND ANNEALING METHODS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF THESE ELECTROLYTES AND CATHOLYTES |
KR20170136971A (ko) | 2016-06-02 | 2017-12-12 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 탄소계 섬유 시트 및 이를 포함하는 리튬-황 전지 |
EP3504749A4 (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2020-05-06 | QuantumScape Corporation | SOLID STATE RECHARGEABLE BATTERY CATHOLYTES, BATTERY ARCHITECTURES SUITABLE FOR USE WITH SUCH CATHOLYTES, AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING THE SAME |
CN111564602B (zh) * | 2020-05-23 | 2023-03-07 | 江西理工大学 | 一种电位控制直接制备锂硫电池液态正极的方法 |
CN112034089B (zh) * | 2020-08-27 | 2021-08-10 | 中南大学 | 一种锂硫电池中硫及多硫化物的定量分析方法 |
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US4130500A (en) * | 1977-12-14 | 1978-12-19 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Lithium-aluminum-magnesium electrode composition |
US6358643B1 (en) * | 1994-11-23 | 2002-03-19 | Polyplus Battery Company | Liquid electrolyte lithium-sulfur batteries |
EP0910874B1 (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 2001-11-21 | Moltech Corporation | Composition useful in elctrolytes of secondary battery cells |
AU2367700A (en) | 1998-12-17 | 2000-07-03 | Moltech Corporation | Non-aqueous electrolytes for electrochemical cells |
AU1595401A (en) | 1999-11-12 | 2001-06-06 | Moltech Corporation | Lithium primary batteries |
KR100385357B1 (ko) * | 2001-06-01 | 2003-05-27 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬-황 전지 |
WO2006059085A1 (en) | 2004-12-02 | 2006-06-08 | Oxis Energy Limited | Electrolyte for lithium-sulphur batteries and lithium-sulphur batteries using the same |
JP5551033B2 (ja) * | 2009-09-24 | 2014-07-16 | パナソニック株式会社 | リチウム一次電池 |
US20120214043A1 (en) * | 2009-10-27 | 2012-08-23 | Solvay Fluor Gmbh | Lithium sulfur battery |
WO2011059766A1 (en) * | 2009-10-29 | 2011-05-19 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Devices, systems and methods for advanced rechargeable batteries |
KR101209687B1 (ko) * | 2010-12-03 | 2012-12-10 | 기아자동차주식회사 | 리튬이온-유황배터리 |
CN102956866B (zh) * | 2011-08-26 | 2015-08-05 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | 一种可充碱金属-硫液流电池 |
US20140023936A1 (en) * | 2012-07-17 | 2014-01-23 | Ilias Belharouak | Lithium-sulfur electrolytes and batteries |
JP2015531968A (ja) * | 2012-08-17 | 2015-11-05 | ボード・オブ・リージエンツ,ザ・ユニバーシテイ・オブ・テキサス・システム | リチウム硫黄バッテリのための多孔性炭素内層 |
US9023518B2 (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2015-05-05 | Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc | Lithium—sulfur battery with performance enhanced additives |
CN102983361B (zh) * | 2012-11-23 | 2015-04-22 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | 用于Li-S电池的电解液及其制备方法和包含该电解液的Li-S电池 |
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US20150118578A1 (en) | 2015-04-30 |
KR101558669B1 (ko) | 2015-10-07 |
JP2015088444A (ja) | 2015-05-07 |
DE102014201174A1 (de) | 2015-04-30 |
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KR20150049794A (ko) | 2015-05-08 |
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