JP6419838B2 - 共重合体およびこれを含む有機太陽電池 - Google Patents
共重合体およびこれを含む有機太陽電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6419838B2 JP6419838B2 JP2016558338A JP2016558338A JP6419838B2 JP 6419838 B2 JP6419838 B2 JP 6419838B2 JP 2016558338 A JP2016558338 A JP 2016558338A JP 2016558338 A JP2016558338 A JP 2016558338A JP 6419838 B2 JP6419838 B2 JP 6419838B2
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- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 55
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 150
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 74
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 59
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 31
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical group C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- STTGYIUESPWXOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline Chemical compound C=12C=CC3=C(C=4C=CC=CC=4)C=C(C)N=C3C2=NC(C)=CC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 STTGYIUESPWXOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 130
- -1 sulfoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 106
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 105
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 86
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 72
- COIOYMYWGDAQPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methylphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)C1=CC=CC=C1C COIOYMYWGDAQPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 60
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 58
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 57
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 55
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 55
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 53
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 51
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 47
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 44
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 44
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 43
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 39
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical group C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 37
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 35
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Butyllithium Substances [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- XXMOZDBOAIICDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,8-bis(2-ethylhexoxy)-2-trimethylstannylthieno[2,3-f][1]benzothiol-6-yl]-trimethylstannane Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC1=C2C=C([Sn](C)(C)C)SC2=C(OCC(CC)CCCC)C2=C1SC([Sn](C)(C)C)=C2 XXMOZDBOAIICDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 23
- 238000002371 ultraviolet--visible spectrum Methods 0.000 description 23
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 22
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 22
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 19
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000000944 Soxhlet extraction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 229940050176 methyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 17
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 13
- CYPYTURSJDMMMP-WVCUSYJESA-N (1e,4e)-1,5-diphenylpenta-1,4-dien-3-one;palladium Chemical compound [Pd].[Pd].C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 CYPYTURSJDMMMP-WVCUSYJESA-N 0.000 description 12
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical group C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- KWTSZCJMWHGPOS-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloro(trimethyl)stannane Chemical compound C[Sn](C)(C)Cl KWTSZCJMWHGPOS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 11
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 11
- PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-bromosuccinimide Chemical compound BrN1C(=O)CCC1=O PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 10
- 0 CC(*1)=C(*)C(*2)=C1C1=C2c2c(*)c(*C(C3=C(*)C(*)=C(*)*3)=C3*)c3c(*)c2*1 Chemical compound CC(*1)=C(*)C(*2)=C1C1=C2c2c(*)c(*C(C3=C(*)C(*)=C(*)*3)=C3*)c3c(*)c2*1 0.000 description 9
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 9
- DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium butane Chemical compound [Li+].CCC[CH2-] DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 9
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 9
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 6
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 6
- MABNMNVCOAICNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenophene Chemical group C=1C=C[se]C=1 MABNMNVCOAICNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 6
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 5
- 125000006575 electron-withdrawing group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 5
- QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicylcohexylcarbodiimide Chemical compound C1CCCCC1N=C=NC1CCCCC1 QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZCSHNCUQKCANBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium diisopropylamide Chemical compound [Li+].CC(C)[N-]C(C)C ZCSHNCUQKCANBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- SIUXRPJYVQQBAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thieno[2,3-f][1]benzothiole-4,8-dione Chemical compound O=C1C=2C=CSC=2C(=O)C2=C1SC=C2 SIUXRPJYVQQBAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000144 PEDOT:PSS Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000006069 Suzuki reaction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910021626 Tin(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N boronic acid Chemical compound OBO ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylene hexane Natural products CCCCCC=C ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000011150 stannous chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- VJYJJHQEVLEOFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N thieno[3,2-b]thiophene Chemical group S1C=CC2=C1C=CS2 VJYJJHQEVLEOFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 3
- GZNAASVAJNXPPW-UHFFFAOYSA-M tin(4+) chloride dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Cl-].[Sn+4] GZNAASVAJNXPPW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- AXZWODMDQAVCJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(II) chloride (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Sn+2] AXZWODMDQAVCJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- FWPIDFUJEMBDLS-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(II) chloride dihydrate Substances O.O.Cl[Sn]Cl FWPIDFUJEMBDLS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- DBGVGMSCBYYSLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylstannane Chemical compound CCCC[SnH](CCCC)CCCC DBGVGMSCBYYSLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- DKLWRIQKXIBVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-diiodooctane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(I)I DKLWRIQKXIBVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YIUHGBNJJRTMIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dithiophen-2-yl-2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-3,6-dione Chemical compound C=12C(=O)NC(C=3SC=CC=3)=C2C(=O)NC=1C1=CC=CS1 YIUHGBNJJRTMIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VMKOFRJSULQZRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromooctane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCBr VMKOFRJSULQZRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KBVDUUXRXJTAJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dibromothiophene Chemical compound BrC1=CC=C(Br)S1 KBVDUUXRXJTAJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NOYBSJRCXXZCNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-ethylhexyl)selenophene Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)Cc1ccc[se]1 NOYBSJRCXXZCNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JACCFQMSOHCQFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophene Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CC1=CC=CS1 JACCFQMSOHCQFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QZVHYFUVMQIGGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Hexylthiophene Chemical compound CCCCCCC1=CC=CS1 QZVHYFUVMQIGGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005916 2-methylpentyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- NZWIYPLSXWYKLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(bromomethyl)heptane Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CBr NZWIYPLSXWYKLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QENGPZGAWFQWCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Methylthiophene Chemical compound CC=1C=CSC=1 QENGPZGAWFQWCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NHQDETIJWKXCTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloroperbenzoic acid Chemical compound OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 NHQDETIJWKXCTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSVSPKKXQGNHMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-bromo-3-methyl-1,2-thiazole Chemical compound CC=1C=C(Br)SN=1 XSVSPKKXQGNHMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XQNMSKCVXVXEJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7,14,25,32-tetrazaundecacyclo[21.13.2.22,5.03,19.04,16.06,14.08,13.020,37.024,32.026,31.034,38]tetraconta-1(36),2,4,6,8,10,12,16,18,20(37),21,23(38),24,26,28,30,34,39-octadecaene-15,33-dione 7,14,25,32-tetrazaundecacyclo[21.13.2.22,5.03,19.04,16.06,14.08,13.020,37.025,33.026,31.034,38]tetraconta-1(37),2,4,6,8,10,12,16,18,20,22,26,28,30,32,34(38),35,39-octadecaene-15,24-dione Chemical compound O=c1c2ccc3c4ccc5c6nc7ccccc7n6c(=O)c6ccc(c7ccc(c8nc9ccccc9n18)c2c37)c4c56.O=c1c2ccc3c4ccc5c6c(ccc(c7ccc(c8nc9ccccc9n18)c2c37)c46)c1nc2ccccc2n1c5=O XQNMSKCVXVXEJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910016036 BaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OHLZNYFYRKNNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)C(COC(=O)C1=CC=2C(S1)=C(SC=2)Br)CCCC Chemical compound C(C)C(COC(=O)C1=CC=2C(S1)=C(SC=2)Br)CCCC OHLZNYFYRKNNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JVAZBDIYWZYYRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)C(COC(=O)C1=CC=2C(S1)=CSC=2)CCCC Chemical compound C(C)C(COC(=O)C1=CC=2C(S1)=CSC=2)CCCC JVAZBDIYWZYYRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004693 Polybenzimidazole Substances 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000006619 Stille reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005264 aryl amine group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003707 hexyloxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
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- UBZNSHABNFIFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;2,6-dimethyloctane;bromide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Br-].CC(C)CCCC(C)C[CH2-] UBZNSHABNFIFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000006502 nitrobenzyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical group C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003540 oxyquinoline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003538 pentan-3-yl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005561 phenanthryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001484 phenothiazinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2SC3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004592 phthalazinyl group Chemical group C1(=NN=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001725 pyrenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002294 quinazolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(N=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001567 quinoxalinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=NC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003548 sec-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003011 styrenyl group Chemical group [H]\C(*)=C(/[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001113 thiadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IZBPOIZFVYLFEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N thieno[2,3-c]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound S1C=C2SC(C(=O)O)=CC2=C1 IZBPOIZFVYLFEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZYKBQUWMPUVEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N zafuleptine Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCC(C(C)C)NCC1=CC=C(F)C=C1 YZYKBQUWMPUVEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
R1およびR2は、互いに同一または異なり、それぞれ独立に、水素;ハロゲン基;ニトロ基;シアノ基;カルボキシル基;ヒドロキシ基;置換もしくは非置換のカルボニル基;スルホニル基;置換もしくは非置換のアルキル基;置換もしくは非置換のアリル基;置換もしくは非置換のアルコキシ基;置換もしくは非置換のシクロアルキル基;置換もしくは非置換のアルケニル基;置換もしくは非置換のエステル基;置換もしくは非置換のアミド基;置換もしくは非置換のエーテル基;置換もしくは非置換のスルホニル基;置換もしくは非置換のスルホキシ基;置換もしくは非置換のアリールアルキル基;置換もしくは非置換のアリール基;またはN、O、SおよびSe原子のうちの1個以上を含む置換もしくは非置換のヘテロ環基であり、
R3およびR4は、互いに同一または異なり、それぞれ独立に、水素;または電子求引性基であり、
Aは、置換もしくは非置換の単環もしくは多環のアリール基;またはN、O、SおよびSe原子のうちの1個以上を含む置換もしくは非置換の単環もしくは多環のヘテロ環基である。
A、R3およびR4は、化学式1で定義したのと同じであり、
R5およびR6は、互いに同一または異なり、それぞれ独立に、水素;ハロゲン基;ニトロ基;シアノ基;カルボキシル基;ヒドロキシ基;置換もしくは非置換のカルボニル基;スルホニル基;置換もしくは非置換のアルキル基;置換もしくは非置換のアリル基;置換もしくは非置換のアルコキシ基;置換もしくは非置換のシクロアルキル基;置換もしくは非置換のアルケニル基;置換もしくは非置換のエステル基;置換もしくは非置換のアミド基;置換もしくは非置換のエーテル基;置換もしくは非置換のスルホニル基;置換もしくは非置換のスルホキシ基;置換もしくは非置換のアリールアルキル基;置換もしくは非置換のアリール基;またはN、O、SおよびSe原子のうちの1個以上を含む置換もしくは非置換のヘテロ環基である。
nは、1〜10,000の整数であり、
R1およびR2は、互いに同一または異なり、それぞれ独立に、水素;ハロゲン基;ニトロ基;シアノ基;カルボキシル基;ヒドロキシ基;置換もしくは非置換のカルボニル基;スルホニル基;置換もしくは非置換のアルキル基;置換もしくは非置換のアリル基;置換もしくは非置換のアルコキシ基;置換もしくは非置換のシクロアルキル基;置換もしくは非置換のアルケニル基;置換もしくは非置換のエステル基;置換もしくは非置換のアミド基;置換もしくは非置換のエーテル基;置換もしくは非置換のスルホニル基;置換もしくは非置換のスルホキシ基;置換もしくは非置換のアリールアルキル基;置換もしくは非置換のアリール基;またはN、O、SおよびSe原子のうちの1個以上を含む置換もしくは非置換のヘテロ環基であり、
AおよびA’は、互いに同一または異なり、それぞれ独立に、置換もしくは非置換の単環もしくは多環のアリール基;またはN、O、SおよびSe原子のうちの1個以上を含む置換もしくは非置換の単環もしくは多環のヘテロ環基である。
X1〜X6は、互いに同一または異なり、それぞれ独立に、CRR’、NR、O、SiRR’、PR、S、GeRR’、Se、またはTeであり、
Y1およびY2は、互いに同一または異なり、それぞれ独立に、CR”、N、SiR”、P、またはGeR”であり、
R、R'、R”、R10〜R13は、互いに同一または異なり、それぞれ独立に、水素;ハロゲン基;ニトロ基;シアノ基;カルボキシル基;ヒドロキシ基;置換もしくは非置換のカルボニル基;スルホニル基;置換もしくは非置換のアルキル基;置換もしくは非置換のアリル基;置換もしくは非置換のアルコキシ基;置換もしくは非置換のシクロアルキル基;置換もしくは非置換のアルケニル基;置換もしくは非置換のエステル基;置換もしくは非置換のアミド基;置換もしくは非置換のエーテル基;置換もしくは非置換のスルホニル基;置換もしくは非置換のスルホキシ基;置換もしくは非置換のアリールアルキル基;置換もしくは非置換のアリール基;またはN、O、SおよびSe原子のうちの1個以上を含む置換もしくは非置換のヘテロ環基である。
nは、1〜10,000の整数であり、
X1〜X12は、互いに同一または異なり、それぞれ独立に、CRR’、NR、O、SiRR’、PR、S、GeRR’、Se、またはTeであり、
Y1〜Y4は、互いに同一または異なり、それぞれ独立に、CR”、N、SiR”、P、またはGeR”であり、
R、R'、R”、R1、R2、R10〜R17は、互いに同一または異なり、それぞれ独立に、水素;ハロゲン基;ニトロ基;シアノ基;カルボキシル基;ヒドロキシ基;置換もしくは非置換のカルボニル基;スルホニル基;置換もしくは非置換のアルキル基;置換もしくは非置換のアリル基;置換もしくは非置換のアルコキシ基;置換もしくは非置換のシクロアルキル基;置換もしくは非置換のアルケニル基;置換もしくは非置換のエステル基;置換もしくは非置換のアミド基;置換もしくは非置換のエーテル基;置換もしくは非置換のスルホニル基;置換もしくは非置換のスルホキシ基;置換もしくは非置換のアリールアルキル基;置換もしくは非置換のアリール基;またはN、O、SおよびSe原子のうちの1個以上を含む置換もしくは非置換のヘテロ環基であり、
R3およびR4は、互いに同一または異なり、それぞれ独立に、水素;または電子求引性基である。
前記フルオレニル基が置換される場合、
窒素ガスパージ管付きの100mlフラスコに、メチル−2−チオフェンカルボキシレート(Methyl−2−thiophenecarboxylate)(4.00g、28.13mmol)とクロロメチルメチルエーテル(Chloromethyl methyl ether)(11.00g、136.63mmol)を入れた後、氷水浴でチタニウムテトラクロライド(TiCl4)(8.00g、42.20mmol)をゆっくり注入させて、5時間反応させた。過剰の蒸留水とメチルクロライド(MC)を用いて抽出した後、有機層を無水硫酸ナトリウムを用いて水分を除去した。残りの溶媒を蒸発除去し、ヘキサンを用いて再結晶をした後、生成された結晶を減圧濾過して、白色結晶5.20g(93.2%)を得た。1HNMR(CDCl3):3.89(3H,s),4.59(2H,s),4.78(2H,s),7.71(1H,s)。
還流冷却器付きの500mlフラスコに、化合物1−b(5.20g、21.75mmol)とメタノール250mlを入れて、60℃の水浴で加熱させた。硫化ナトリウム(Sodium sulfide)(1.87g、23.92mmol)とメタノール150mlを溶かした溶液を1時間にわたってゆっくり注入させて、2時間還流させた。固体不純物を減圧濾過して除去後、溶媒は蒸発器を用いて除去し、残りの残留物は蒸留水を用いて除去した。残っている残留物はカラムクロマトグラフィー(MC:Hex=2:1)で分離して、白色結晶1.64g(31.23%)を得た。1HNMR(CDCl3):3.87(3H,s),4.05−4.06(2H,t),4.18−4.20(2H,t),7.48(1H,s)
窒素パージ管付きの250mlフラスコに、エチルアセテート(Ethyl acetate)と1−cの化合物(1.64g、8.19mmol)を、ドライアイスを入れた後、ドライアイス浴に冷却させた。エチルアセテート(Ethyl acetate)に溶かしたメタクロロ過酸化安息香酸(MCPBA)(2.12g、12.28mmol)をゆっくり注入させた後、一晩反応させた。蒸発器を用いて溶媒を除去後、Acetic anhydrideを入れて、2時間半反応させた。反応物を室温で冷却させた後、蒸留をして無水酢酸(acetic anhydride)を除去した。残っている残留物はカラムクロマトグラフィー(MC:Hex=1:1)で分離して、白色結晶1.31g(80.8%)を得た。1HNMR(CDCl3):3.91(3H,s),7.28−7.29(1H,d),7.59−7.60(1H,d),7.70(1H,s)
還流冷却器付きの100mlフラスコに、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)30mlに溶かした1−eの化合物(1.31g、6.60mmol)と蒸留水30mlに溶かした水酸化リチウム(LiOH)(0.32、13.21mmol)を入れて、水浴で1日間還流させた。1N HCl溶液を用いて酸性化させた後、減圧濾過して、暗黄色結晶1.10g(90.5%)を得た。1HNMR(DMSO):7.98(1H,s),7.73(2H,s)
窒素パージ管付きの250mlフラスコに、メチルクロライド(MC)に溶かした1−fの化合物(1.10g、5.97mmol)を入れた後、N,N’−ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド(DCC)(1.48g、7.16mmol)、ジメチルアミノピリジン(DMAP)(0.26g、2.09mmol)、そして2−エチル−1−ヘキサノール(2−Ethyl−1−hexanol)(3.88g、29.85mmol)を入れて、1日間反応させた。蒸留水とメチルクロライド(MC)を用いて抽出した後、有機層を無水硫酸ナトリウムを用いて水分を除去した。固体不純物は減圧濾過して除去した。残りの溶媒を蒸発除去した後、カラムクロマトグラフィー(MC:Hex=1)で分離して、ややオレンジ色を呈する透明なオイル1.49g(83.9%)を得た。1HNMR(CDCl3):0.86−0.96(6H,m),1.25−1.50(8H,m),1.67−1.74(1H,m),4.19−4.27(2H,m),7.23−7.24(1H,d),7.54−7.55(1H,d),7.67(1H,s)
窒素パージ管付きの100mlフラスコに、ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)10mlに溶かした1−gの化合物(1.49g、5.03mmol)を入れる。ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)に溶かしたN−ブロモスクシンイミド(NBS)(0.89g、5.03mmol)を注射器を用いてゆっくり注入後、5分間反応させた。蒸留水とエチルアセテート(EA)を用いて抽出した後、有機層を無水硫酸ナトリウムを用いて水分を除去した後、固体不純物は減圧濾過して除去した。カラムクロマトグラフィー(MC:Chloroform:Hexane=1:1:3)で2回分離して、オレンジ色を呈する透明なオイル1.02g(51.4%)を得た。1HNMR(CDCl3):0.86−0.96(6H,m),1.25−1.50(8H,m),1.67−1.74(1H,m),4.20−4.27(2H,m),7.22(1H,d),7.53(1H,d)。
還流冷却器付きの100mlフラスコに、1−hの化合物(1.02g、2.72mmol)、そして2,6−ビス(トリメチルチン)−4,8−ビス(2−エチルヘキシルオキシ)ベンゾ[1,2−b:4,5−b’]ジチオフェン(2,6−Bis(trimethyltin)−4,8−bis(2−ethylhexyloxy)benzo[1,2−b:4,5−b’]dithiophene)(0.84g、1.09mmol)をトルエン(toluene)15mlに溶かした溶液を、Pd(PPh3)4(0.16g、0.14mmol)と共に入れて、油浴で24時間還流させた。反応物を室温で冷却させた後、残りの溶媒を蒸発除去した後、カラムクロマトグラフィー(MC:Chloroform:Hexane=1:1:3)で分離して、赤色結晶0.48g(41.5%)を得た。1HNMR(CDCl3):0.83−0.88(6H,m),0.90−1.00(16H,m),1.07−1.11(6H,t),1.36−1.54(22H,m),1.62−1.67(4H,m),1.72−1.77(4H,m),1.84−1.87(2H,m),4.20−4.22(4H,d),4.27−4.29(4H,m),7.22(2H,s),7.57(2H,s),8.05(2H,s)。
窒素パージ管付きの100mlフラスコに、1−iの化合物(0.48g、0.46mmol)を溶かしたクロロホルム(CHCl3)15mlを入れた。クロロホルム(CHCl3)に溶かしたN−ブロモスクシンイミド(NBS)(0.18、1.02mmol)を注射器を用いてゆっくり注入した後、暗所で4時間反応させた。蒸留水とメチルクロライド(MC)を用いて抽出した後、有機層を無水硫酸ナトリウムを用いて水分を除去した後、固体不純物を減圧濾過して除去した。カラムクロマトグラフィー(MC:Hex=1:2)で分離して、濃赤色結晶0.36g(65.7%)を得た。1HNMR(CDCl3):0.83−0.88(6H,m),0.90−1.00(16H,m),1.07−1.11(6H,t),1.36−1.54(22H,m),1.62−1.67(4H,m),1.72−1.77(4H,m),1.84−1.87(2H,m),4.20−4.22(4H,d),4.27−4.29(4H,m),7.50(2H,s),8.03(2H,s)。
60mlのDIウォーター(H2O)に、4,8−ジヒドロベンゾ[1,2−b:4,5−b’]ジチオフェン−4,8−ジオン(4,8−dehydrobenzo[l,2−b:4,5−b’]dithiophene−4,8−dione、8.0g、36.2mmol)と亜鉛パウダー(Zn powder)(5.2g、79.6mmol)を入れて撹拌した後、ソジウムヒドロキシド(NaOH、24g)を入れて撹拌し、1時間還流した。反応中の溶液の色は、黄色から赤色を経てオレンジ色に変化した。この溶液に、2−エチルヘキシルブロミド(2−ethylhexylbromide、21.0g、108.9mmol)とテトラブチルアンモニウムブロミド(tetrabutylammonium bromide、as catalyst)を入れて、2時間撹拌/還流した。溶液の色が赤色または濃赤色であれば、zinc powderを追加的に添加して、6時間撹拌/還流した。この溶液を冷たい水に注ぎ込み、ジエチルエーテル(Diethyl ether)で2回抽出した後、硫酸マグネシウム(MgSO4)(Magnesium sulfate)で残りの水を除去した。残りの溶液を減圧して溶媒を除去し、シリカカラム(silica column、eluent;Pet ether:MC=9:1)を通して無色の液体を得た。
50mlのテトラヒドロフラン(THF)に、2−aの化合物(10.3g、23.1mmol)を入れて溶かした後、−78℃まで温度を下げた。この温度で、ヘキサン(hexane)に溶けている1.6M n−BuLi(1.6M n−Butyllithium in hexane、31.7ml、50.8mmol)をゆっくり入れて、30分間撹拌した。以後、0℃まで温度を上げて、この状態で1時間撹拌後、再び−78℃まで温度を下げて、THFに溶けている1Mトリメチルチンクロライド(1M Trimethyltinchloride in THF、53.1ml、53.1mmol)を一度に入れて、常温に温度を上げた後、12時間撹拌した。この溶液を氷に注ぎ込み、ジエチルエーテル(Diethyl ether)で2回抽出した後、水で2回洗い、硫酸マグネシウム(MgSO4)(Magnesium sulfate)で残りの水を除去した。残りの溶液を減圧下で溶媒を除去し、エタノール(ethanol)で再結晶して、無色結晶の固体を得た。
300mlのテトラヒドロフラン(THF)に、2−(2−エチルヘキシル)セレノフェン(2−(2−ethylhexyl)selsnophene、5.0g、23.2mmol)を入れて溶かした後、−78℃まで温度を下げた。この温度で、ヘキサン(hexane)に溶けている2.5M n−BuLi(2.5M n−Butyllithium in hexane、11.1ml、27.9mmol)をゆっくり入れて、1時間撹拌した。以後、0℃まで温度を上げて、この状態で1時間撹拌後、4,8−ジヒドロベンゾ[1,2−b:4,5−b’]ジチオフェン−4,8−ジオン(4,8−dehydrobenzo[l,2−b:4,5−b’]dithiophene−4,8−dione、2.1g、9.28mmol)を一度に入れて、50℃で6時間撹拌した。この溶液を、常温に温度を下げた後、チン(II)クロライドジハイドレート(SnCl2・2H2O)(tin(II)chloride dehydrate、15g)と10%HCl(30ml)を入れて、追加的に3時間撹拌した。この溶液に氷を注ぎ込み、ジエチルエーテル(Diethyl ether)で抽出した後、硫酸マグネシウム(MgSO4)(Magnesium sulfate)で残りの水を除去した。残りの溶液を減圧下で溶媒を除去し、シリカカラム(silica column、eluent;Petroleum)を通して黄色の密度の高い液体を得た。
100mlのテトラヒドロフラン(THF)に、3(2.0g、3.24mmol)を入れて溶かした後、0℃まで温度を下げた。この温度で、ヘキサン(hexane)に溶けている1.6M n−BuLi(1.6M n−Butyllithium in hexane、7.1ml、11.3mmol)をゆっくり入れて、1時間常温で撹拌した。この溶液に、THFに溶けている1Mトリメチルチンクロライド(1M Trimethyltinchloride in THF、8.10ml、8.10mmol)を一度に入れて、2時間撹拌した。この溶液に水を注ぎ込み、ヘキサン(hexane)で抽出した後、硫酸マグネシウム(MgSO4)(Magnesium sulfate)で残りの水を除去した。残りの溶液を減圧下で溶媒を除去し、エタノール(ethanol)で再結晶して、淡黄色結晶の固体を得た。
5−a化合物(6.0g、31.2mmol)を、50mlクロロホルム(CF):50mlトリフルオロ酢酸(TFA)に溶かした。ソジウムペルボレートモノハイドレート(sodium perboratemonohydrate、7.39g、72.8mmol)を一度に入れて、常温で1時間撹拌した。水に注ぎ込み、クロロホルムで抽出した。減圧下で溶媒を除去し、シリカカラム(eluent:Hx/MC=1/1)で白色固体を得た。
窒素条件下、60mlのテトラヒドロフラン(THF)に、5−b化合物(2.4g、11.4mmol)を溶かした。−25℃で、25.4mlの3,7−ジメチルオクチルマグネシウムブロミド(3,7−dimethyloctylmagnesium bromide、1M solution in diethyl ether)をゆっくり注入した。常温に昇温しながら10時間撹拌し、50mlの水を入れながら反応を止めた。エチルアセテート(EA)で抽出し、硫酸マグネシウム(MgSO4)を用いて残りの水を除去した。シリカカラムを通して淡黄色液体を得た。
窒素条件下、100mlトルエン(toluene)に、5−c化合物(4.5g、12.0mmol)を溶かした。300mgのソジウムp−トルエンスルホン酸モノハイドレート(sodium p−toluenesulfonicacid monohydrate)を入れて、120℃で3時間反応した。
窒素条件下、20mlテトラヒドロフラン(THF)に、5−d化合物(0.58g、1.2mmol)を溶かした。−78℃で、n−ブチルリチウム(n−butyllithium)(1.7ml、1.6M solution in hexane)をゆっくり入れて30分撹拌し、常温で2時間撹拌した。再び−78℃で0.92mlのトリブチルチンクロライド(tributyltin chloride)溶液を入れた。昇温し、常温で10時間撹拌した。水に注ぎ込み、ヘキサンで抽出した。減圧下で溶媒を除去し、シリカカラム(eluent:Hx、10%triethylamine)で褐色液体を得た。
500mlのテトラヒドロフラン(THF)に、2−ヘキシルチオフェン(2−hexylthiophene、10.0g、59.4mmol)を入れて溶かした後、−78℃まで温度を下げた。この温度で、ヘキサン(hexane)に溶けている2.5M n−BuLi(2.5M n−Butyllithium in hexane、24.0ml、59.4mmol)をゆっくり入れて、30分間撹拌した。以後、0℃まで温度を上げて、この状態で1時間撹拌後、4,8−ジヒドロベンゾ[1,2−b:4,5−b’]ジチオフェン−4,8−ジオン(4,8−dehydrobenzo[l,2−b:4,5−b’]dithiophene−4,8−dione、3.3g、14.8mmol)を一度に入れて、50℃で3時間撹拌した。この溶液を、常温に温度を下げた後、チン(II)クロライドジハイドレート(SnCl2・2H2O)(tin(II)chloride dehydrate、26g)と10%HCl(56ml)を入れて、追加的に3時間撹拌した。この溶液に氷を注ぎ込み、ジエチルエーテル(Diethyl ether)で2回抽出した後、水で2回洗い、硫酸マグネシウム(MgSO4)(Magnesium sulfate)で残りの水を除去した。残りの溶液を減圧下で溶媒を除去し、シリカカラム(silica column、eluent;Petroleum)を通して黄色の密度の高い液体を得た。
100mlのテトラヒドロフラン(THF)に、8−a(3.9g、7.43mmol)を入れて溶かした後、0℃まで温度を下げた。この温度で、ヘキサン(hexane)に溶けている1.6M n−BuLi(1.6M n−Butyllithium in hexane、10.4ml、16.7mmol)をゆっくり入れて、1時間常温で撹拌した。この溶液に、THFに溶けている1Mトリメチルチンクロライド(1M Trimethyltinchloride in THF、22.7ml、22.7mmol)を一度に入れて、2時間撹拌した。この溶液に水を注ぎ込み、ジエチルエーテル(Diethyl ether)で2回抽出した後、水で2回洗い、硫酸マグネシウム(MgSO4)(Magnesium sulfate)で残りの水を除去した。残りの溶液を減圧下で溶媒を除去し、エタノール(ethanol)で再結晶して、淡黄色結晶の固体を得た。
500mlのテトラヒドロフラン(THF)に、2−(2−エチルヘキシル)チオフェン(2−(2−ethylhexyl)thiophene、10.0g、59.4mmol)を入れて溶かした後、−78℃まで温度を下げた。この温度で、ヘキサン(hexane)に溶けている2.5M n−BuLi(2.5M n−Butyllithium in hexane、24.0ml、59.4mmol)をゆっくり入れて、30分間撹拌した。以後、0℃まで温度を上げて、この状態で1時間撹拌後、4,8−ジヒドロベンゾ[1,2−b:4,5−b’]ジチオフェン−4,8−ジオン(4,8−dehydrobenzo[l,2−b:4,5−b’]dithiophene−4,8−dione、3.3g、14.8mmol)を一度に入れて、50℃で3時間撹拌した。この溶液を、常温に温度を下げた後、チン(II)クロライドジハイドレート(SnCl2・2H2O)(tin(II)chloride dehydrate、26g)と10%HCl(56ml)を入れて、追加的に3時間撹拌した。この溶液に氷を注ぎ込み、ジエチルエーテル(Diethyl ether)で2回抽出した後、水で2回洗い、硫酸マグネシウム(MgSO4)(Magnesium sulfate)で残りの水を除去した。残りの溶液を減圧下で溶媒を除去し、シリカカラム(silica column、eluent;Petroleum)を通して黄色の密度の高い液体を得た。
100mlのテトラヒドロフラン(THF)に、5(3.9g、7.59mmol)を入れて溶かした後、0℃まで温度を下げた。この温度で、ヘキサン(hexane)に溶けている1.6M n−BuLi(1.6M n−Butyllithium in hexane、10.4ml、16.7mmol)をゆっくり入れて、1時間常温で撹拌した。この溶液に、THFに溶けている1Mトリメチルチンクロライド(1M Trimethyltinchloride in THF、22.7ml、22.7mmol)を一度に入れて、2時間撹拌した。この溶液に水を注ぎ込み、ジエチルエーテル(Diethyl ether)で2回抽出した後、水で2回洗い、硫酸マグネシウム(MgSO4)(Magnesium sulfate)で残りの水を除去した。残りの溶液を減圧下で溶媒を除去し、エタノール(ethanol)で再結晶して、淡黄色結晶の固体を得た。
ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)10mLに、チエノ[3,4−b]チオフェン2−カルボン酸2−エチルヘキシルエステル(Thieno[3,4−b]thiophene−2−carboxylic acid2−ethylhexyl ester、1.49g、5.03mmol)を入れて、N−ブロモスクシンイミド(NBS、0.90g、5.03mmol)を滴下した後、30分間撹拌した。この溶液に脱イオン水(deionized(DI) water)を入れて、エチルアセテートで数回抽出した。溶媒は真空下で除去し、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させた。残留物はシリカカラムクロマトグラフィー(methylene chloride and hexane(1:2))を通して化学式14−b(0.79g、41.8%)のオイルを得た。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):7.53(1H,s),7.22(1H,s),4.20−4.27(2H,m),1.67−1.74(1H,m),1.25−1.50(8H,m),0.86−0.96(6H,m)。
2,1,3−ベンゾチアジアゾール−4,5−ビス(ボロン酸ピナコールエステール)(2,1,3−benzothiadiazole−4,5−bis(boronic acid pinacol ester、0.33g、0.84mmol)、Pd(PPh3)4(0.05g、0.04mmol)と化学式14−bの化合物(0.79g、2.10mmol)を、トルエン(toluene)20mL、炭酸カリウム水溶液(10ml)とエタノール(ethanol)10mLに入れて、一晩、110℃の窒素雰囲気下で還流、撹拌させた。混合物を室温まで冷却して、溶媒は真空下で除去し、無水硫酸ナトリウム(anhydrous sodium sulfate)で乾燥させた。残留物はシリカカラムクロマトグラフィー(methylene chloride and hexane(1:2))を通して赤色固体の化学式14−c(0.40g、65.7%)を得た。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):8.11(2H,s),8.03(2H,s),7.52(2H,s),4.27−4.28(4H,m),1.64−1.75(2H,m),1.30−1.48(16H,m),0.88−0.96(12H,m)。
丸底フラスコに、化学式14−c(0.40g、0.55mmol)を10mlのクロロホルム(chloroform)を入れて、N−ブロモスクシンイミド(NBS、0.22g、1.21mmol)を滴下した後、10分間撹拌した。この溶液に脱イオン水(deionized(DI) water)を入れて、エチルアセテートで数回抽出した。溶媒は真空下で除去し、無水硫酸ナトリウム(anhydrous sodium sulfate)で乾燥させた。残留物はシリカカラムクロマトグラフィー(methylene chloride and hexane(1:1))を通して青色固体の化学式14−d(0.37g、76.2%)を得た。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):7.94(1H,s),7.68(1H,s),4.23−4.31(4H,m),1.64−1.75(2H,m),1.30−1.48(16H,m),0.88−0.96(12H,m)。GC/MS(m/z):calcd for C38H38Br2N2O4S5,881.98;found,882.20[M]+。
数平均分子量:33,200g/mol
PDI:1.8
数平均分子量:40,800g/mol
PDI:1.7
数平均分子量:57,000g/mol
PDI:1.4
数平均分子量:52,800g/mol
PDI:1.5
数平均分子量:41,100g/mol
PDI:1.9
数平均分子量:32,000g/mol
PDI:2.0
数平均分子量:54,000g/mol
PDI:1.8
数平均分子量:54,000g/mol
PDI:1.8
数平均分子量:61,000g/mol
PDI:1.6
数平均分子量:21,000g/mol
PDI:2.3
数平均分子量:38,000g/mol
PDI:1.9
数平均分子量:41,000g/mol
PDI:2.1
数平均分子量:47,000g/mol
PDI:1.8
数平均分子量:49,000g/mol
PDI:1.9
前記製造例2〜6、9および10の化合物を電子供与体として使用し、PC60BMを電子受容体として使用するが、その配合比を7:3(w/w ratio)とし、クロロベンゼン(Chlorobenzene、CB)に溶かして複合溶液(composit solution)を製造した。この時、濃度は4.0wt%に調節し、有機太陽電池はITO/PEDOT:PSS/光活性層/LiF/Alの構造とした。ITOのコーティングされたガラス基板は、蒸留水、アセトン、2−プロパノールを用いて超音波洗浄し、ITO表面を10分間オゾン処理した後、45nmの厚さにPEDOT:PSS(baytrom P)をスピンコーティングして、120℃で10分間熱処理した。光活性層のコーティングのためには、化合物−PCBM複合溶液を0.45μmのPPシリンジフィルタ(syringe filter)で濾過した後、スピンコーティングして、3x10−8torrの真空下、熱蒸発器(thermalevaporator)用いて200nmの厚さにAlを蒸着して、有機太陽電池を製造した。
前記製造例14〜17の化合物を電子供与体として使用し、PC71BMを電子受容体として使用するが、下記表3の配合比とし、クロロベンゼン(Chlorobenzene、CB)に溶かして複合溶液(composit solution)を製造した。この時、添加剤のジヨードオクタン(DIO)を3v/v%添加した。有機太陽電池はITO/ZnO(ゾル−ゲル(Sol−gel)/光活性層/MoO3/Agの構造とした。ITOのコーティングされたガラス基板は、蒸留水、アセトン、2−プロパノールを用いて超音波洗浄し、ITO表面を10分間オゾン処理した後、40nmの厚さにジンクアセテートジハイドレイト(Zinc acetate dehydrate)1gおよびエタノールアミン0.28gを2−メトキシエタノールに添加したものを、2000rpmで40秒間スピンコーティングし、200℃で1時間アニーリングした。光活性層のコーティングのためには、化合物−PCBM複合溶液を0.45μmのPPシリンジフィルタ(syringe filter)で濾過した後、800rpmで40秒間スピンコーティングして、2x10−6torrの真空下、MoO3を0.2Å/sで10nm、Agを1Å/sで100nmの厚さに蒸着して、有機太陽電池を製造した。
102:第1電極
103:正孔輸送層
104:光活性層
105:第2電極
Claims (11)
- 下記化学式3〜10のうちのいずれか1つで表される単位を含むものである共重合体:
化学式3〜10において、
nは、1〜10,000の整数であり、
X1〜X12は、互いに同一または異なり、それぞれ独立に、CRR’、NR、O、SiRR’、PR、またはSであり、
Y1〜Y4は、互いに同一または異なり、それぞれ独立に、CR”、またはNであり、
R、R’、R”、およびR10〜R17は、互いに同一または異なり、それぞれ独立に、水素;アルキル基;アルコキシ基;アルキル基で置換されたアリール基;またはN、O、SおよびSe原子のうちの1個以上を含みアルキル基で置換されたヘテロ環基であり、
R1およびR2は、互いに同一または異なり、それぞれ独立に、アルキル基で置換されたエステル基;またはアルキル基で置換されたカルボニル基であり;
R3およびR4は、水素である。 - 前記共重合体の数平均分子量は、30,000g/mol〜100,000g/molである請求項1または2に記載の共重合体。
- 前記共重合体の分子量分布は、1〜3である請求項1または2に記載の共重合体。
- 第1電極と、前記第1電極に対向して備えられる第2電極と、前記第1電極と前記第2電極との間に備えられ、光活性層を含む1層以上の有機物層とを含み、前記有機物層のうちの1層以上は、請求項1または2に記載の共重合体を含むものである有機太陽電池。
- 前記有機物層は、正孔輸送層、正孔注入層、または正孔輸送と正孔注入を同時に行う層を含み、
前記正孔輸送層、正孔注入層、または正孔輸送と正孔注入を同時に行う層は、前記共重合体を含む請求項5に記載の有機太陽電池。 - 前記有機物層は、電子注入層、電子輸送層、または電子注入と電子輸送を同時に行う層を含み、
前記電子注入層、電子輸送層、または電子注入と電子輸送を同時に行う層は、前記共重合体を含む請求項5に記載の有機太陽電池。 - 前記光活性層は、電子供与体および電子受容体からなる群より選択される1または2以上を含み、
前記電子供与体は、前記共重合体を含むものである請求項5に記載の有機太陽電池。 - 前記電子受容体は、フラーレン、フラーレン誘導体、炭素ナノチューブ、炭素ナノチューブ誘導体、バソクプロイン、半導体性元素、半導体性化合物、およびこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択されるものである請求項8に記載の有機太陽電池。
- 前記電子供与体および電子受容体は、バルクヘテロジャンクション(BHJ)を構成するものである請求項8に記載の有機太陽電池。
- 前記光活性層は、n型有機物層およびp型有機物層を含む二層薄膜(bilayer)構造であり、
前記p型有機物層は、前記共重合体を含むものである請求項5に記載の有機太陽電池。
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