JP6412493B2 - 基板の官能基化 - Google Patents
基板の官能基化 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6412493B2 JP6412493B2 JP2015504828A JP2015504828A JP6412493B2 JP 6412493 B2 JP6412493 B2 JP 6412493B2 JP 2015504828 A JP2015504828 A JP 2015504828A JP 2015504828 A JP2015504828 A JP 2015504828A JP 6412493 B2 JP6412493 B2 JP 6412493B2
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims description 326
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 title description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 109
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 98
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 97
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 97
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 95
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 76
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 75
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000004770 highest occupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- -1 tetrachloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)(Cl)Cl UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trichloroethane Chemical compound ClCC(Cl)Cl UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940117389 dichlorobenzene Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- CFXQEHVMCRXUSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-Trichloropropane Chemical compound ClCC(Cl)CCl CFXQEHVMCRXUSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KNKRKFALVUDBJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloropropane Chemical compound CC(Cl)CCl KNKRKFALVUDBJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical group [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960001701 chloroform Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(Cl)Cl QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical group FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- UKDOTCFNLHHKOF-FGRDZWBJSA-N (z)-1-chloroprop-1-ene;(z)-1,2-dichloroethene Chemical group C\C=C/Cl.Cl\C=C/Cl UKDOTCFNLHHKOF-FGRDZWBJSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical group ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KZNMRPQBBZBTSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Au]=O Chemical compound [Au]=O KZNMRPQBBZBTSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- JAONJTDQXUSBGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dizinc;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Zn+2].[Zn+2] JAONJTDQXUSBGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001922 gold oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012433 hydrogen halide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000039 hydrogen halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- SKRWFPLZQAAQSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N stibanylidynetin;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Sn].[Sb] SKRWFPLZQAAQSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DPOYEFAJYWKFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Cd+2].[Al+3] Chemical compound [O-2].[Cd+2].[Al+3] DPOYEFAJYWKFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RNQKDQAVIXDKAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum gallium Chemical compound [Al].[Ga] RNQKDQAVIXDKAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CXKCTMHTOKXKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium oxide Inorganic materials [Cd]=O CXKCTMHTOKXKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IEJHYFOJNUCIBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+) indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Cd+2].[In+3] IEJHYFOJNUCIBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HEQWUWZWGPCGCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+) oxygen(2-) tin(4+) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[Cd++].[Sn+4] HEQWUWZWGPCGCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CFEAAQFZALKQPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Cd+2] CFEAAQFZALKQPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BEQNOZDXPONEMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium;oxotin Chemical compound [Cd].[Sn]=O BEQNOZDXPONEMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BDVZHDCXCXJPSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(3+) oxygen(2-) titanium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[In+3] BDVZHDCXCXJPSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002073 nanorod Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013086 organic photovoltaic Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KYKLWYKWCAYAJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxotin;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Sn]=O KYKLWYKWCAYAJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UMJICYDOGPFMOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;cadmium(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zn+2].[Cd+2] UMJICYDOGPFMOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JRFBNCLFYLUNCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Zn+2] JRFBNCLFYLUNCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- WGCXSIWGFOQDEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Zn].[Sn].[In] Chemical compound [Zn].[Sn].[In] WGCXSIWGFOQDEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 claims 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 89
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 33
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 29
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 26
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 26
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 26
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 24
- VFUDMQLBKNMONU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-[4-(4-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)phenyl]carbazole Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=C1 VFUDMQLBKNMONU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 15
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229910021617 Indium monochloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- APHGZSBLRQFRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M indium(1+);chloride Chemical compound [In]Cl APHGZSBLRQFRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 13
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 11
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- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 9
- IWZZBBJTIUYDPZ-DVACKJPTSA-N (z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;iridium;2-phenylpyridine Chemical compound [Ir].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.[C-]1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1.[C-]1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 IWZZBBJTIUYDPZ-DVACKJPTSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(n-naphthalen-1-ylanilino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)C=C1 IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 description 6
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- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylpyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MSDMPJCOOXURQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N C545T Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(C3=CC=4C=C5C6=C(C=4OC3=O)C(C)(C)CCN6CCC5(C)C)=NC2=C1 MSDMPJCOOXURQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108010043121 Green Fluorescent Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229920000144 PEDOT:PSS Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Cu+2].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- PSCMQHVBLHHWTO-UHFFFAOYSA-K indium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[In](Cl)Cl PSCMQHVBLHHWTO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
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- 229940073584 methylene chloride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
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- TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K tri(quinolin-8-yloxy)alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229960002415 trichloroethylene Drugs 0.000 description 2
- ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten trioxide Chemical compound O=[W](=O)=O ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 2
- RELMFMZEBKVZJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1Cl RELMFMZEBKVZJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNCMQRWVMWLODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylbenzimidazole Chemical compound C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=CC=CC=C1 XNCMQRWVMWLODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWUBEMMFTUPINB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-[3-carbazol-9-yl-5-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)phenyl]carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC(C=2C=C(C=C(C=2)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)=N1 SWUBEMMFTUPINB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018503 SF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical group [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000026 X-ray photoelectron spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005595 acetylacetonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UYJXRRSPUVSSMN-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium sulfide Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[S-2] UYJXRRSPUVSSMN-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene Substances C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo-alpha-pyrone Natural products C1=CC=C2OC(=O)C=CC2=C1 ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000007833 carbon precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004770 chalcogenides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000956 coumarin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000001671 coumarin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000018459 dissociative disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001312 dry etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002457 flexible plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N heliogen blue Chemical compound [Cu].[N-]1C2=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=NC([N-]1)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005660 hydrophilic surface Effects 0.000 description 1
- HRHKULZDDYWVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxozinc;tin Chemical compound [In].[Sn].[Zn]=O HRHKULZDDYWVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UEEXRMUCXBPYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium;2-phenylpyridine Chemical compound [Ir].C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1.C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1.C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 UEEXRMUCXBPYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100001231 less toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical class C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;molecular fluorine Chemical compound C.FF QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004038 photonic crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000678 plasma activation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003380 quartz crystal microbalance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur hexafluoride Chemical compound FS(F)(F)(F)(F)F SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000909 sulfur hexafluoride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000411 transmission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001429 visible spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/17—Carrier injection layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/24—Nitriding
- C23C8/26—Nitriding of ferrous surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/36—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases using ionised gases, e.g. ionitriding
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/36—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases using ionised gases, e.g. ionitriding
- C23C8/38—Treatment of ferrous surfaces
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Non-Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Electric Cables (AREA)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Electrodes Of Semiconductors (AREA)
Description
本出願は、2012年4月13日に出願された米国特許出願第13/446927号、2012年7月18日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/673147号、2013年3月30日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/806855号、2012年4月13日に出願されたカナダ国特許出願第2774591号の優先権の利益を主張するものであり、これらの先行出願のそれぞれの内容は参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
表1はこれらの結果をまとめたものである。
Claims (52)
- 基板の仕事関数を増やすための方法であって、
前駆体とキャリアガスとを含む混合物を供給するステップと、
前記前駆体から電気陰性の化学種を得るためのプラズマを生成するために、前記混合物にエネルギーを与えるステップと、
前記電気陰性の化学種を前記基板に結合させるために、真空の下で、前記基板と前記電気陰性の化学種とを反応させるステップと、を含み、
前記基板と前記電気陰性の化学種とを反応させるステップにおいて、前記基板のエッチングを減らすように、前記混合物における前記前駆体の濃度は、前記キャリアガスの濃度よりも低い、方法。 - 前記キャリアガスと前記前駆体の間のイオン化エネルギーの違いに基づいて前記キャリアガスが選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記キャリアガスは不活性ガスまたは貴ガスである、請求項1から2のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆体の濃度は、10%未満である、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆体の濃度は、5%未満である、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆体の濃度は、1%未満である、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆体の濃度は、0.1%未満である、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆体は、臭素、塩素、フッ素、三クロロエタン、ジクロロベンゼン、ハロアルカン類、ハロ芳香族、クロロメタン、ジクロロメタン、トリクロロメタン、テトラクロロエタン、テトラクロロエチレン、テトラクロロエチレン、1,1,2,2−テトラクロロエタン、1,1,2−トリクロロエタン、四塩化炭素、クロロホルム、塩化メチレン、トリクロロエチレン、メチルクロロホルム、1,1,1−トリクロロエタン、1,2,3−トリクロロプロパン、二塩化エチレン、ジクロロプロパン、ジクロロベンゼン、二塩化プロピレン、1,2−ジクロロエチレン、1,1−ジクロロエタン、ハロゲンを含有するポリマー、金属ハロゲン化物、ハロゲンガス、水素ハロゲン化物、ホウ素ハロゲン化物、硫黄ハロゲン化物、リンハロゲン化物、ハロゲン化炭素、フルオロカーボンからなる群から選択される、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆体はハロゲン化炭素であって、前記ハロゲン化炭素はポリマー構造である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆体は炭素とフッ素の比率が1:3から3:1の間のフルオロカーボンである、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆体はガスである、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 所定の表面被覆率を得るように前記前駆体の濃度および反応時間が選択される、請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆体は液体である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆体は固体である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆体は触媒があるところで解離する、請求項1から14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記電気陰性の化学種はハロゲンである、請求項1から15のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ハロゲンは塩素である、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記基板は透明導電性酸化物である、請求項1から16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記透明導電性酸化物は酸化インジウムスズであり、前記電気陰性の化学種は塩素である、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記透明導電性酸化物はフッ素ドープ酸化スズであり、前記電気陰性の化学種はフッ素である、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記透明導電性酸化物は、酸化スズ、酸化ニッケル、酸化モリブデン、酸化タングステン、金酸化物、酸化インジウム、酸化インジウムスズ、酸化カドミウム、フッ素ドープ酸化スズ、カドミウムスズ酸化物、亜鉛スズ酸化物、アンチモンスズ酸化物、アルミニウム亜鉛酸化物、チタン亜鉛酸化物、ガリウム亜鉛酸化物、アルミニウムガリウム亜鉛酸化物、インジウムガリウム亜鉛酸化物、ガリウムインジウム酸化物、亜鉛インジウム酸化物、ガリウムインジウムスズ酸化物、亜鉛インジウムスズ酸化物、チタンインジウム酸化物、スズカドミウム酸化物、インジウムカドミウム酸化物、亜鉛カドミウム酸化物、アルミニウムカドミウム酸化物からなる群から選択される、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記基板における前記電気陰性の化学種の表面被覆率は、所与の仕事関数を得られるように選択される、請求項1から21のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記所与の仕事関数は、前記基板と電気的な伝達を行う有機分子のHOMOレベルに基づいて定められる、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記プラズマの期間と電力は前記基板のエッチングを減らすように選択される、請求項1から23のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ほぼ単分子層となるまで前記電気陰性の化学種が前記基板に結合される、請求項1から24のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 単分子層の少なくとも5%の前記電気陰性の化学種が前記基板に結合される、請求項1から25のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 単分子層の少なくとも25%が前記基板に結合される、請求項1から26のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 単分子層の少なくとも40%が前記基板に結合される、請求項1から27のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 単分子層の少なくとも55%が前記基板に結合される、請求項1から28のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 単分子層の少なくとも80%が前記基板に結合される、請求項1から29のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 単分子層の少なくとも90%が前記基板に結合される、請求項1から30のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記基板のエッチングを減らすように前記基板は前記プラズマからシールドされる、請求項1から31のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記基板は金属を含む、請求項1から32のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記基板は金酸化物を含む、請求項33に記載の方法。
- 前記基板はナノ粒子、ナノロッド、ナノチューブまたは他のナノスケール材料を含む、請求項1から34のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記基板は光取り出しまたは光取り込みの特性を有する、請求項1から35のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記基板は複数の層を備え、前記複数の層の組み合わせによる屈折率が光取り出し構成を生じさせる、請求項36に記載の方法。
- 前記基板は半透明または透明である、請求項1から37のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記基板を反応させるプロセスは、前記基板の表面の粗さを実質的に増大させない、請求項1から38のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記基板を反応させるプロセスは、前記基板のシート抵抗に実質的に影響しない、請求項1から39のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記基板は電子デバイスの電極である、請求項1から40のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記電子デバイスは光センサまたは光検出器である、請求項41に記載の方法。
- 前記電子デバイスは有機電子デバイスである、請求項41に記載の方法。
- 前記有機電子デバイスは有機光電子デバイスである、請求項43に記載の方法。
- 前記基板は有機発光ダイオードの陽極である、請求項43に記載の方法。
- 選択された仕事関数が得られるようにほぼ単分子層となるまで前記電気陰性の化学種が前記基板に積層され、前記選択された仕事関数は前記有機発光ダイオードの層に応じて決定される、請求項45に記載の方法。
- 前記基板の仕事関数は前記有機発光ダイオードの所望の電荷バランスを得るために選択される、請求項45または46に記載の方法。
- 前記有機発光ダイオードはリン光性のエミッタを備える、請求項45から47のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記有機発光ダイオードは蛍光性のエミッタを備える、請求項45から48のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記有機電子デバイスは有機光発電セルである、請求項43に記載の方法。
- 前記プラズマの圧力は250ミリトル未満である、請求項1から50のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記基板は5分より短く前記プラズマにさらされる、請求項1から51のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/446,927 | 2012-04-13 | ||
CA2,774,591 | 2012-04-13 | ||
US13/446,927 US8853070B2 (en) | 2012-04-13 | 2012-04-13 | Functionalization of a substrate |
CA2774591A CA2774591C (en) | 2012-04-13 | 2012-04-13 | Functionalization of a substrate |
US201261673147P | 2012-07-18 | 2012-07-18 | |
US61/673,147 | 2012-07-18 | ||
US201361806855P | 2013-03-30 | 2013-03-30 | |
US61/806,855 | 2013-03-30 | ||
PCT/CA2013/050291 WO2013152446A1 (en) | 2012-04-13 | 2013-04-15 | Functionalization of a substrate |
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JP2015133362A (ja) * | 2014-01-09 | 2015-07-23 | 三星ディスプレイ株式會社Samsung Display Co.,Ltd. | 有機電界発光素子 |
CN106463519B (zh) * | 2014-08-21 | 2020-09-18 | 索尼公司 | 成像元件、固态成像装置和电子设备 |
CN111537539A (zh) * | 2020-05-12 | 2020-08-14 | 西安交通大学 | 一种利用等离子体刻蚀测量聚合物亚层光电子能谱的方法 |
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US6657378B2 (en) * | 2001-09-06 | 2003-12-02 | The Trustees Of Princeton University | Organic photovoltaic devices |
US20040018750A1 (en) * | 2002-07-02 | 2004-01-29 | Sophie Auguste J.L. | Method for deposition of nitrogen doped silicon carbide films |
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EP2837047A4 (en) | 2015-12-23 |
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