JP6377095B2 - 鳥の導入遺伝子についてのマグナム特異的プロモーターを含むベクター - Google Patents
鳥の導入遺伝子についてのマグナム特異的プロモーターを含むベクター Download PDFInfo
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Description
a)技術分野
本発明は、鳥細胞への外因性遺伝物質の導入および該細胞における外因性遺伝物質の発現のためのベクターおよび方法に関する。また、本発明は、ニワトリを含むトランスジェニック鳥類および外因性タンパク質を含有する鳥の卵に関する。
多数の天然および合成のタンパク質が診断および治療の用途に供されている;他の多くのタンパク質が開発中または臨床試験中である。タンパク質製造の最近の方法は、天然由来の物からの単離、および細菌および哺乳動物の細胞中での組換え製造を包含する。しかし、これらのタンパク質製造方法が複雑でかつ高いコストであるために、別法を開発するための努力が続いている。例えば、ブタ、ヒツジ、ヤギおよびウシのミルク中の外来タンパク質を製造するための方法が報告されている。これらの手法は幾つかの制限を受ける。それは、起源物[ファウンダー(founder)]と生成トランスジェニック群との間の長い世代時間、高価な育種および家畜コスト、およびゲノム中の導入遺伝子挿入部位での位置効果のために変化する発現レベルなどである。また、タンパク質は、小麦およびライ麦から製粉および麦芽製造過程を使用して製造される。しかし、植物の翻訳後修飾は、脊椎動物の翻訳後修飾とは異なる。後者は、外来タンパク質の機能にしばしば重大な影響を与える。
本発明は、外因性コード配列を鳥のゲノムに安定的に導入し、この外因性コード配列を発現せしめて、所望のタンパク質をつくるかまたは鳥の表現型を変えるかする方法を提供する。本方法で有用なベクターも本発明で提供され、外因性タンパク質を発現する鳥および外因性タンパク質を含有する鳥の卵が提供される。
構成的プロモーターが卵管中で発現されるべき外因性コード配列に操作可能的に連結していると、本発明方法は、第2コード配列およびその第2コード配列に操作可能的に連結したマグナム特異的プロモーターを含有する第2ベクターも所望により提供する。この第2ベクターも成熟トランスジェニック鳥の管状腺細胞で発現される。この態様において、マグナム中の第1コード配列の発現は、第2ベクターにより発現されるタンパク質の細胞中の存在に直接的または間接的に依存している。このような方法は所望によりCre−loxP系の使用を含む。
図1(a)および(b)は、卵白アルブミンプロモーターセグメント、コード配列、外因性タンパク質Xをコードする遺伝子Xを含む卵白アルブミンプロモーター発現ベクターを表示する。
図2(e)は、2(a)および2(b)のベクター中への挿入のため外因性遺伝子を増幅する方法を表示する。
図2(f)は、コード配列遺伝子X、の発現を制御する卵白アルブミンプロモーター、第2コード配列、遺伝子Yの発現をなす内部リボソーム挿入部位(IRES)エレメントを含むレトロウイルスベクターを表示する。
a)定義および一般的パラメーター
下記の定義は、本明細書で用いる種々の用語の意味および範囲を示し明確にするものである。
用語「異種」および「外因性」は、コード配列および制御配列などの核酸配列に関し、組換え構成体の領域には通常関連しないか、および/または特定の細胞に通常関連しない配列を意味する。従って核酸構成体の「異種」領域は、天然には他の分子と関連して見出されない他の核酸分子内にあるか、またはその分子に接着している核酸の同定可能なセグメントである。例えば、構成体の異種領域は、天然のコード配列に関連して見出されない配列によってはさまれたコード配列を含み得る。異種コード配列の他の例は、コード配列自体が天然には見られない構成体である(例えば、生来の遺伝子と異なるコドンを有する合成配列である)。同様に、宿主細胞に通常は存在しない構成体で形質転換された宿主細胞があれば、本発明の目的について異種と考えられる。「外因性遺伝子」または「外因性コード配列」は、特定の組織または細胞に天然には存在しない核酸を意味する。
「内因性遺伝子」は、特定の細胞に通常関連する自然発生の遺伝子およびその断片を意味する。
「形質転換」「形質導入」「トランスフェクション」はすべて、ポリヌクレオチドの鳥胚葉細胞への導入を意味する。
本明細書で用いる「マグナム特異的プロモーター」とは、主にまたは専らマグナムの管状腺細胞において活性であるプロモーターを意味する。
本発明の方法により、導入遺伝子が、鳥の胞胚葉細胞に導入されて、トランスジェニックのニワトリまたは他の鳥種がつくられる。これらの鳥は、生殖系列組織の遺伝物質中に導入遺伝子を有する。胞胚葉細胞は、典型的に段階VII-XII細胞またはそれと同等な段階であり、好ましくは段階Xに近いものである。本発明に有用な細胞には、胚生殖(EG)細胞、胚幹(ES)細胞および始原生殖細胞(PGC)を含む。胞胚葉細胞は、新たに単離するか、培養中に維持されており、胚内部に存在している。
ベクターが支配する挿入点は、標的遺伝子の5'または3'非翻訳領域であり得る。3'非翻訳領域が標的の場合、標的ベクターは、更に、ベクターのコード配列の直ぐ上流に位置する内部リボソーム挿入部位エレメントを含む。
鳥卵管における外因性タンパク質の製造、および外因性タンパク質を含む卵の産生を与える本発明の方法には、適当なベクターを与えて、ベクターが鳥ゲノムに統合されるよう、ベクターを胚の胞胚葉細胞に導入した後に、さらなる段階が含まれる。その後の段階には、先の段階で製造したトランスジェニック胞胚葉細胞から、成熟したトランスジェニック鳥を誘導することが含まれる。成熟したトランスジェニック鳥を胞胚葉細胞から誘導することには、場合により、トランスジェニック胞胚葉細胞を胚に移入して、胚を十分に発達させることが含まれ、胚の発達につれて、細胞が鳥に取り込まれるようになる。次いで、その結果得られたヒヨコを成熟するまで育てる。別の態様において、胞胚葉細胞を胚の内部にベクターで直接トランスフェクトするか、または導入する。その結果得られた胚を発達させて、ヒヨコを成熟させる。
次の具体的な実施例は、本発明を説明しようとするものであって、請求の範囲を限定するものではない。
複製欠損鳥白血病ウイルス(ALV)に基づいたベクター(Cossetら,1991)であるpNLBのlacZ遺伝子を、サイトメガロウイルス(CMV)プロモーター、およびリポーター遺伝子であるβ−ラクタマーゼ(β−LaまたはBL)よりなる発現カセットで置換した。pNLBおよびpNLB−CMV−BLベクターの構成物を各々、図3(a)および3(b)に示す。
SentasおよびIsoldesをF10(Gibco)、5% 新生仔ウシ血清(Gibco)、1% ニワトリ血清(Gibco)、50μg/ml フレオマイシン(Cayla Laboratories)、および50μg/ml ハイグロマイシン(Sigma)中で培養した。次のことを除き、Cossetら,1993(この文献に記載されている内容は、本発明の一部を構成する)に記載されているようにして、形質導入粒子を製造した。9×105 SentasへのレトロウイルスベクターpNLB−CMV−BL(上の実施例1から得られた)のトランスフェクションから2日後、ウイルスを新たな培地で6−16時間収集して、濾過した。全ての培地を使用して、ポリブレンを最終濃度が4μg/mlとなるまで加えた100mmのプレート3枚に、3×106 Isoldesを導入した。翌日、培地を、50μg/ml フレオマイシン、50μg/ml ハイグロマイシンおよび200μg/ml G418(Sigma)を含む培地で置換した。10−12日後、単一G418rコロニーを単離して、24ウェルのプレートに移した。7−10日後、Sentasの形質導入、続いて、G418選択により、各々のコロニーから得られる力価を測定した。典型的には、60コロニーのうち2つが力価を1−3×105で与えた。それらのコロニーを広げ、Allioliら,Dev. Biol. 165:30−7(1994)(この文献に記載されている内容は、本発明の一部を構成する)に記載されているようにして、ウイルスを2−7×107まで濃縮した。NLB−CMV−BL形質導入粒子で導入した細胞の培地中でβ−ラクタマーゼをアッセイすることにより、CMV−BL発現カセットの完全性を確かめた。
卵殻孔を1−2層の卵殻膜で覆い、一度乾燥させて、Duco モデルセメントで覆うことを除き、Thoravalら,Transgenic Res. 4:369−377(1995)(この文献に記載されている内容は、本発明の一部を構成する)に記載されているようにして、新たに産まれた卵における第X期の胚をNLB−CMV−BL形質導入粒子(上の実施例2から得られた)で導入した。
上の実施例3で産生した雌鶏が卵を産み始めたら、それらの卵の卵白をβ−ラクタマーゼの存在に関してアッセイした。次の変更を伴い、Mooreら,Anal. Biochem. 247:203−9(1997)(この文献に記載されている内容は、本発明の一部を構成する)に記載されているようにして、β−ラクタマーゼアッセイを行った。
実施例4でアッセイした卵白と同じもので、卵中のβ-ラクタマーゼ存在量についてウエスタンブロットアッセイを確認し、卵中のβ-ラクタマーゼ存在量について上述の実施例4の反応速度アッセイよりも正確な測定が得られた。
本発明の他の実施態様として、胞胚葉細胞を発現ベクターでエキソビボトランスフェクトする。
本方法で、供与胞胚葉細胞を、Barred Plymouth Rock雌鶏の受精卵から、立体環状リングのWhatman濾紙を使用して(胞胚葉の上に置き、リングの卵黄膜を貫通して切断した後持ち上げる)単離する。付着した胞胚葉がついているリングを、リン酸緩衝食塩水(PBS)が入ったペトリ皿の側面上方に移し、次いで付着した卵黄をピペットで丁寧に取り出す。暗域をヘアーループで切り離し、半透明期X胞胚葉を大量運搬ピペットチップでマイクロチューブへ移す。胞胚葉に対して約30,000−40,000の細胞が単離される。特定実験用に胞胚葉 10つを集める。
トランスフェクションしたまたは形質導入した胞胚葉を含む胚から孵化したヒヨコのうち、Barred Plymouth Rock羽モザイク現象を発現しているもののみを確保する。導入遺伝子中にレポーター遺伝子が存在しなくても、トランスジェニックモザイクはPCRアッセイで同定することができる。
図8に示すPMGI標的ベクターによるトランスフェクトで、条件を整えた媒体中のフィーダーライン上で細胞培養し、すべてまたはほぼ半分の細胞が蛍光中一様に緑色であるコロニーをつくる。落射蛍光発光検出器を備えた立体顕微鏡で蛍光を検出する。一様な蛍光によって、ベクターがゲノム中に安定に組込まれたことが分かる。これらの細胞クローンのうち、ほんの小さな部分集合が、標的遺伝子中に正しく挿入されたPMGを実際に有する。クローン細胞のほとんどは、ゲノム中にランダムに挿入されたPMGを有する。正しく挿入されたPMGを有するクローン細胞を同定するために、TaqManPCRアッセイを使用して上述のとおりコロニーをスクリーンする。2つのプライマーを使用して、組込部位の導入遺伝子セグメントを増幅する。プライマーの1つは遺伝子X(卵管で発現する外因遺伝子)中にあり、他方はちょうど5'標的配列の外部にある。そのため、この断片は標的遺伝子中に正しく挿入されることによってのみ増幅される。正しく組込まれた遺伝子を含むコロニーを、分化しない成長を促進する種々のサイトカインを用いて、フィーダー細胞上の培地で制限継代にかける。細胞を受容胚に注入する。あるいは、緑色コロニーをプールし、受容胚に注入する。続いて、孵化したヒヨコを、正しく挿入された遺伝子があるかについてスクリーンする。
図4のような、PMGI標的ベクターでのトランスフェクションに続いて、細胞をフィーダー層非存在下で1日生育させ、翌日、蛍光活性化セルソーターを使用して青色/緑色細胞から緑色細胞を分離する。次いで緑色細胞を受容胚に注入する前に、フィーダーセルを簡単に通過させる。緑色細胞を正確な挿入に関しても上記のようにスクリーニングする。
雌1羽当り1週間当り6G1子孫とは逆に、1羽の雄が1週間当り20から30G1子孫を生じることができるため、繁殖のために雄を選択し、それにより、G1トランスジェニックの拡大を速くする。G0雄の餌にはスルファメタジンを添加する。スルファメタジンは、健康または繁殖能力に影響せずに、20−22週齢ではなく10−12週齢で精子を産生できるように、雄の性的成熟を加速する(Speksnijder and Ivarie, 非公開データ)。
雄は更なる繁殖のためにおき、雌は卵内への導入遺伝子の発現に関して試験する。
Claims (9)
- 鳥の卵管中に外因性タンパク質を産生する方法であって、
(a)コード配列および該コード配列に操作可能的に連結した構成的プロモーターを含む1以上のレトロウイルスベクターを提供するステップであって、該プロモーターが、鳥の卵管の管状腺細胞において該コード配列の発現を行うことができる、ステップ;
(b)該1以上のベクターを鳥の胞胚葉細胞に導入することによって、トランスジェニック細胞をつくるステップであって、該1以上のベクター配列が鳥ゲノムに挿入され、該1以上のベクターの該胞胚葉細胞への導入は、複製欠損レトロウイルスによって媒介される、ステップ;および
(c)該トランスジェニック細胞から成熟トランスジェニック鳥を誘導するステップであって、該トランスジェニック鳥の管状腺細胞が該タンパク質を発現し、得たタンパク質が卵管腔中に分泌され、該タンパク質が卵の卵白に保存される、ステップ
を含む方法。 - 外因性タンパク質を含有する鳥の卵を産生する方法であって、
(a)複製欠損レトロウイルスによって1以上のベクターを鳥胞胚葉細胞に導入することによりトランスジェニック細胞をつくるステップであって、該1以上のベクターは、鳥において標的遺伝子中にプロモーター欠損ミニ遺伝子を挿入するための標的ベクターであり、
(i)コード配列;
(ii)少なくとも1つのマーカー遺伝子であって、構成的プロモーターに操作可能的に連結し、標的ベクターを組み込む細胞の同定に用いることができる、マーカー遺伝子;および
(iii)標的遺伝子中の挿入点をはさむ配列に相当する標的核酸配列であって、該標的核酸配列は、標的ベクターの該標的遺伝子中への挿入を方向づけ、該標的遺伝子は管状腺細胞中で発現される内因性遺伝子であり、該ベクターは標的内因性遺伝子に組込まれている、標的核酸配列
を含む、ステップ;ならびに
(b)該トランスジェニック細胞から成熟トランスジェニック鳥を誘導するステップであって、該コード配列が、該標的遺伝子の調節エレメントの制御下でマグナム中に発現され、該外因性タンパク質が卵管腔中に分泌され、該外因性タンパク質が卵の卵白中に保存される、ステップ
を含む方法。 - 請求項1のステップ(c)の後、または請求項2のステップ(b)の後に、前記成熟トランスジェニック鳥から繁殖させて子孫を産生するステップをさらに含み、子孫トランスジェニック鳥の前記管状腺細胞は、前記コード配列を発現し、得たタンパク質は前記卵管腔中に分泌され、該タンパク質は卵の卵白中に保存される、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 請求項1のステップ(c)の後に、前記卵から前記タンパク質を単離するステップをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ベクターを前記胞胚葉細胞に導入するステップは、ヘルパー細胞を胞胚葉に投与することを含み、該ヘルパー細胞はレトロウイルスを産生する、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記プロモーターは、CMVプロモーター、SV40プロモーター、およびRousサルコーマ・ウイルス(RSV)プロモーターからなる群から選択される、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記外因性タンパク質が、医薬タンパク質である、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1のステップ(c)の後に、前記タンパク質を医薬品として製剤化するステップをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記トランスジェニック鳥が、ニワトリおよび七面鳥からなる群から選択される、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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