JP6289361B2 - 5−アザシチジンの合成 - Google Patents
5−アザシチジンの合成 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6289361B2 JP6289361B2 JP2014502770A JP2014502770A JP6289361B2 JP 6289361 B2 JP6289361 B2 JP 6289361B2 JP 2014502770 A JP2014502770 A JP 2014502770A JP 2014502770 A JP2014502770 A JP 2014502770A JP 6289361 B2 JP6289361 B2 JP 6289361B2
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- Prior art keywords
- azacytidine
- less
- reaction
- acid
- hours
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- NMUSYJAQQFHJEW-KVTDHHQDSA-N 5-azacytidine Chemical compound O=C1N=C(N)N=CN1[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 NMUSYJAQQFHJEW-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 title claims description 397
- 229960002756 azacitidine Drugs 0.000 title claims description 381
- NMUSYJAQQFHJEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-Azacytidine Natural products O=C1N=C(N)N=CN1C1C(O)C(O)C(CO)O1 NMUSYJAQQFHJEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 376
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title description 45
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 261
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 220
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 155
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 115
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 91
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 89
- MFEFTTYGMZOIKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-azacytosine Chemical compound NC1=NC=NC(=O)N1 MFEFTTYGMZOIKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 81
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical group ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000012458 free base Substances 0.000 claims description 69
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 55
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- QCSYIPZVPFBDLC-MVNLRXSJSA-N 4-amino-1-[(2r,3r,4s,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-1,3,5-triazin-2-one;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.O=C1N=C(N)N=CN1[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 QCSYIPZVPFBDLC-MVNLRXSJSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 39
- HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-TXICZTDVSA-N beta-D-ribose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-TXICZTDVSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 37
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical group CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910021627 Tin(IV) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 24
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000006884 silylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 18
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical group [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical class [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003021 water soluble solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 2
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims 1
- -1 AZA Chemical compound 0.000 description 69
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 description 64
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 52
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 49
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 48
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 43
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 43
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 42
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 39
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 38
- 201000003793 Myelodysplastic syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 31
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 30
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 27
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 27
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 26
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 26
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 23
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 21
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 18
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 17
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 16
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 16
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 description 16
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 16
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 15
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 description 15
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 15
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 15
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 15
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 14
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 14
- OTQJVHISAFFLMA-DDHJBXDOSA-N [(2r,3r,4r,5r)-3,4-diacetyloxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxo-1,3,5-triazin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)O[C@@H]1[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(=O)C)O[C@H]1N1C(=O)N=C(N)N=C1 OTQJVHISAFFLMA-DDHJBXDOSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000012296 anti-solvent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 13
- OISVCGZHLKNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=N1 OISVCGZHLKNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylmorpholine Chemical compound CN1CCOCC1 SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 12
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 12
- UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)NC(C)C UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 12
- ZBFWTQVVDWBGGY-MVNLRXSJSA-N 4-amino-1-[(2r,3r,4s,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-1,3,5-triazin-2-one;hydrobromide Chemical compound Br.O=C1N=C(N)N=CN1[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 ZBFWTQVVDWBGGY-MVNLRXSJSA-N 0.000 description 11
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 238000010511 deprotection reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000001938 differential scanning calorimetry curve Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 11
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 9
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 9
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- IINJDTJZLBFPIL-DBRKOABJSA-N [(2r,3s,4r,5r)-5-(4-amino-2-oxo-1,3,5-triazin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl methanesulfonate Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](COS(=O)(=O)C)O[C@H]1N1C(=O)N=C(N)N=C1 IINJDTJZLBFPIL-DBRKOABJSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)Cl IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000012377 drug delivery Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-azaniumyl-2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound NCC(O)C(O)=O BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 7
- DCERHCFNWRGHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[Si](C)C Chemical compound C[Si](C)C DCERHCFNWRGHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 238000004895 liquid chromatography mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 6
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical class OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000000882 C2-C6 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000003601 C2-C6 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L EDTA disodium salt (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 5
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 229940093915 gynecological organic acid Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 5
- SUMDYPCJJOFFON-UHFFFAOYSA-N isethionic acid Chemical compound OCCS(O)(=O)=O SUMDYPCJJOFFON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CCBJILQUNRBMRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol sulfuric acid Chemical compound CO.CO.S(O)(O)(=O)=O CCBJILQUNRBMRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000006272 (C3-C7) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XWKFPIODWVPXLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-5-methylpyridine Natural products CC1=CC=C(C)N=C1 XWKFPIODWVPXLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 208000031261 Acute myeloid leukaemia Diseases 0.000 description 4
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CPCYXBUXGJLHGN-QKVQOOBNSA-N CO.S(C)(=O)(=O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N1C(=O)N=C(N)N=C1)O)O Chemical compound CO.S(C)(=O)(=O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N1C(=O)N=C(N)N=C1)O)O CPCYXBUXGJLHGN-QKVQOOBNSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-UWTATZPHSA-N D-aspartic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-UWTATZPHSA-N 0.000 description 4
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Description
本明細書で提供されるのは、5-アザシチジン(アザシチジンとしても知られる)の調製方法である。5-アザシチジンは、とりわけ、癌、異常な細胞増殖に関連する異常、血液学的異常、及び骨髄異形成症候群(MDS)を含む、疾患又は疾病を治療、予防、及び/又は管理するのに有用である。
癌は、世界中の主要な公衆衛生問題である。2006年には、米国だけで約560,000人が癌で死亡した。例えば、米国死亡率データ2006(U.S. Mortality Data 2006)、国立保健統計センター、疾病管理予防センター(National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)(2009)を参照されたい。医学文献には多くの種類の癌が記載されている。例としては、血液、骨、皮膚、肺、結腸、乳房、前立腺、卵巣、脳、腎臓、膀胱、膵臓、及び肝臓の癌が挙げられる。癌の発生率は、一般人口が高齢化するにつれて、及び新たな形態の癌が発生するにつれて、上昇し続ける。癌を有する対象を治療するための効果的な療法に対する必要性が存在し続けている。
本明細書で提供されるのは、とりわけ、5-アザシチジン、又はその塩、溶媒和物、水和物、もしくは多形の産生に有用な、安全で、効率的で、費用効率が高く、及び/又は容易に拡張可能な方法である。一実施態様において、本明細書で提供されるのは、実質的に純粋である、5-アザシチジン、又はその塩、溶媒和物、水和物、もしくは多形の産生に有用な方法である。一実施態様において、本明細書で提供されるのは、実質的に化学的に純粋である、5-アザシチジン、又はその塩、溶媒和物、水和物、もしくは多形の産生に有用な方法である。一実施態様において、本明細書で提供されるのは、実質的に物理的に純粋である、5-アザシチジン、又はその塩、溶媒和物、水和物、もしくは多形の産生に有用な方法である。一実施態様において、本明細書で提供されるのは、ヒトでの使用に好適な、5-アザシチジン、又はその塩、溶媒和物、水和物、もしくは多形の産生に有用な方法である。
(a)5-アザシトシンをシリル化試薬と反応させて、シリル化された5-アザシトシンを生じさせる工程;
(b)該シリル化された5-アザシトシンをアシル保護されたβ-D-リボフラノースと金属ルイス酸の存在下で反応させる工程;及び該反応を水及び少なくとも1つの中和試薬でクエンチして、保護された5-アザシチジンを生じさせる工程;
(c)該保護された5-アザシチジンをアルコキシド、アンモニア、及びテトラ置換水酸化アンモニウムからなる群から選択される塩基とアルコール中で反応させて、5-アザシチジンを生じさせる工程;
(d)工程(c)由来の5-アザシチジンを酸と有機溶媒中で接触させて、5-アザシチジンの塩を生じさせる工程;
(e)工程(d)由来の5-アザシチジンの塩を塩基と有機溶媒中で接触させて、遊離塩基としての5-アザシチジンを生じさせる工程;並びに
(f)工程(e)由来の5-アザシチジンを再結晶化させる工程
のうちのいずれか1つ、2つ、3つ、4つ、5つ、又は6つを含む、方法である。
(1)工程(e)由来の5-アザシチジン遊離塩基をジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)に該5-アザシチジンが溶解するのを可能にするのに十分な温度で溶解させる工程;及び任意に該溶液を濾過して、不溶性粒子を除去する工程;
(2)貧溶媒を工程(1)の溶液に添加する工程;並びに
(3)工程(2)の混合物を冷却する工程であって、5-アザシチジンが再結晶化する工程を含む。
(4)工程(3)由来の再結晶化された5-アザシチジンを濾過により収集する工程;及び
(5)工程(4)由来の5-アザシチジンを真空下で乾燥させる工程
をさらに含む。
特に定義されない限り、本明細書で使用される技術的及び科学的用語は全て、当業者によって一般に理解されるものと同じ意味を有する。本明細書で言及される刊行物及び特許は全て、その全体が引用により本明細書中に組み込まれる。
本明細書で使用されるように、特に規定されない限り、用語「アルキル」は、線状又は分岐状飽和一価炭化水素ラジカルを指し、ここで、アルキルは、1以上の置換基で任意に置換されていてもよい。用語「アルキル」はまた、特に規定されない限り、線状アルキルと分岐状アルキルの両方を包含する。ある実施態様において、アルキルは、1〜20個(C1-20)、1〜15個(C1-15)、1〜12個(C1-12)、1〜10個(C1-10)、もしくは1〜6個(C1-6)の炭素原子を有する線状飽和一価炭化水素ラジカル、又は3〜20個(C3-20)、3〜15個(C3-15)、3〜12個(C3-12)、3〜10個(C3-10)、もしくは3〜6個(C3-6)の炭素原子の分岐状飽和一価炭化水素ラジカルである。本明細書で使用されるように、線状C1-6及び分岐状C3-6アルキル基は、「低級アルキル」とも呼ばれる。アルキル基の例としては、メチル、エチル、プロピル(全ての異性形態を含む)、n-プロピル、i-プロピル、ブチル(全ての異性形態を含む)、n-ブチル、i-ブチル、t-ブチル、ペンチル(全ての異性形態を含む)、及びヘキシル(全ての異性形態を含む)が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。例えば、C1-6アルキルは、1〜6個の炭素原子の線状飽和一価炭化水素ラジカル、又は3〜6個の炭素原子の分岐状飽和一価炭化水素ラジカルを指す。
ある実施態様において、複素環(heterocyclic)は、1以上の置換基で任意に置換されていてもよい。
本明細書で提供されるのは、5-アザシチジン、又はその塩、溶媒和物、水和物、もしくは多形の調製方法である。一般に、本明細書で提供される方法は、5-アザシチジン、又はその塩、溶媒和物、水和物、もしくは多形の大規模な又は商業的な生産に有用な安全で、効率的で、費用効率が高く、及び/又は容易に拡張可能な方法を包含する。
(a)5-アザシトシンをシリル化試薬と反応させて、シリル化された5-アザシトシンを生じさせる工程;
(b)該シリル化された5-アザシトシンをアシル保護されたβ-D-リボフラノースと金属ルイス酸の存在下で反応させる工程;及び該反応を水及び少なくとも1つの中和試薬でクエンチして、保護された5-アザシチジンを生じさせる工程;
(c)該保護された5-アザシチジンをアルコキシド、アンモニア、及びテトラ置換水酸化アンモニウムからなる群から選択される塩基とアルコール中で反応させて、5-アザシチジンを生じさせる工程;
(d)工程(c)由来の5-アザシチジンを酸と有機溶媒中で接触させて、5-アザシチジンの塩を生じさせる工程;
(e)工程(d)由来の5-アザシチジンの塩を塩基と有機溶媒中で接触させて、遊離塩基としての5-アザシチジンを生じさせる工程;並びに
(f)工程(e)由来の5-アザシチジンを再結晶化させる工程
のうちのいずれか1つ、2つ、3つ、4つ、5つ、又は6つを含む、方法である。
(a)5-アザシトシンをシリル化試薬と反応させて、シリル化された5-アザシトシンを生じさせる工程;
(b)該シリル化された5-アザシトシンをアシル保護されたβ-D-リボフラノースと金属ルイス酸の存在下で反応させる工程;及び該反応を水及び少なくとも1つの中和試薬でクエンチして、保護された5-アザシチジンを生じさせる工程;
(c)該保護された5-アザシチジンをアルコキシド、アンモニア、及びテトラ置換水酸化アンモニウムからなる群から選択される塩基とアルコール中で反応させて、5-アザシチジンを生じさせる工程;
(d)工程(c)由来の5-アザシチジンを酸と有機溶媒中で接触させて、5-アザシチジンの塩を生じさせる工程;
(e)工程(d)由来の5-アザシチジンの塩を塩基と有機溶媒中で接触させて、遊離塩基としての5-アザシチジンを生じさせる工程;並びに
(f)工程(e)由来の5-アザシチジンを再結晶化させる工程
のうちのいずれか1つ、2つ、3つ、4つ、5つ、又は6つを含む、方法である。
一実施態様において、工程(a)で使用されるシリル化試薬は、トリメチルシリル(TMS)試薬である(すなわち、R1はメチルである)。一実施態様において、工程(a)で使用されるシリル化試薬は、2以上のTMS試薬の混合物である。一実施態様において、工程(a)で使用されるシリル化試薬は、ヘキサメチルジシラザン(HMDS)及びクロロトリメチルシラン(TMSCl)からなる群から選択される。いくつかの実施態様において、該シリル化試薬は、HMDSとTMSClの混合物を含む。いくつかの実施態様において、該シリル化試薬は、HMDSを含む。いくつかの実施態様において、該シリル化試薬は、HMDSである。
一実施態様において、工程(b)で使用されるアシル保護されたβ-D-リボフラノースは、式(B)の化合物である:
一実施態様において、工程(c)で使用される塩基は、アルコキシド、アンモニア、又はテトラ置換水酸化アンモニウムである。一実施態様において、工程(c)で使用される塩基は、アルコキシドである。一実施態様において、工程(c)で使用される塩基は、アンモニアである。一実施態様において、工程(c)で使用される塩基は、例えば、ベンジルトリメチル水酸化アンモニウムなどの、テトラ置換水酸化アンモニウムである。一実施態様において、工程(c)で使用される塩基は、ナトリウムアルコキシドである。一実施態様において、工程(c)で使用される塩基は、ナトリウムメトキシドである。
一実施態様において、工程(d)の塩形成に使用される酸は、限定されないが、医薬として許容し得る塩を形成することができる酸を含む、有機酸又は無機酸である。具体的な実施態様において、該酸としては、塩酸、臭化水素酸、硫酸、及びメタンスルホン酸が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。いくつかの実施態様において、工程(d)で使用される酸は、塩酸である。
一実施態様において、工程(e)で5-アザシチジン遊離塩基を形成させるために使用される塩基は、有機塩基又は無機塩基である。一実施態様において、工程(e)で使用される塩基は、限定されないが、トリエチルアミン、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン、ピリジン、ジイソプロピルアミン、2,6-ルチジン、N-メチルモルホリン、N,N-ジシクロヘキシルメチルアミンなどを含む、有機塩基である。いくつかの実施態様において、工程(e)の塩基は、トリエチルアミンである。
一実施態様において、工程(f)は、以下の工程:
(1)工程(e)由来の5-アザシチジン遊離塩基を、ジメチルスルホキシドに、該5-アザシチジンが溶解するのを可能にするのに十分な温度で溶解させる工程;及び任意に該溶液を濾過して、不溶性粒子を除去する工程;
(2)貧溶媒を工程(1)の溶液に添加する工程;並びに
(3)工程(2)の混合物を冷却する工程であって、5-アザシチジンが再結晶化する工程を含む。
(4)工程(3)由来の再結晶化された5-アザシチジンを濾過により収集する工程;及び
(5)工程(4)由来の5-アザシチジンを真空下で乾燥させる工程
をさらに含む。
一実施態様において、5-アザシトシンをHMDSと硫酸アンモニウムの存在下で最初に反応させて、シリル化された5-アザシトシンを生じさせ、これを塩化第二スズ(SnCl4)の存在下で1,2,3,5-テトラ-O-アセチル-β-D-リボフラノースとカップリングさせて、トリ-アセチル保護された5-アザシチジンを生じさせる。いくつかの実施態様において、トリ-アセチル保護されたカップリング生成物の化学的及び/又は物理的純度は、約50%w/w超、約60%w/w超、約70%w/w超、約80%w/w超、約90%w/w超、又は約95%w/w超である。一実施態様において、トリ-アセチル保護されたカップリング生成物の化学的及び/又は物理的純度は、約75%w/w超である。いくつかの実施態様において、該カップリング反応の収率は、約50%〜約99%、約60%〜約90%、約60%〜約80%、又は約65%〜約75%である(収率は、粗生成物の化学的純度に基づいている)。一実施態様において、該カップリング反応の収率は、約70%である(収率は、粗生成物の化学的純度に基づいている)。
一実施態様において、本明細書で提供されるのは、5-アザシチジンの酸付加塩であり、ここで、5-アザシチジン塩の調製で使用される酸は、有機酸、又は限定されないが、塩酸、臭化水素酸、硫酸、及びメタンスルホン酸を含む、無機酸である。一実施態様において、本明細書で提供されるのは、限定されないが、塩酸塩、臭化水素酸塩、硫酸塩(例えば、重硫酸塩及びヘミ硫酸塩を含む)、並びにメタンスルホン酸塩(すなわち、メシル酸塩)を含む、5-アザシチジンの塩である。一実施態様において、本明細書で提供されるのは、5-アザシチジンヘミ硫酸塩である。一実施態様において、本明細書で提供されるのは、5-アザシチジン一塩酸塩である。一実施態様において、本明細書で提供されるのは、5-アザシチジン一臭化水素酸塩である。一実施態様において、本明細書で提供されるのは、メタノールで溶媒和されている5-アザシチジンヘミ硫酸塩である。一実施態様において、該5-アザシチジンヘミ硫酸塩は、メタノールで溶媒和されており、5-アザシチジンとメタノールのモル比は、約1:1である。一実施態様において、本明細書で提供されるのは、メタノールで溶媒和されている5-アザシチジンメシル酸塩である。一実施態様において、該5-アザシチジンメシル酸塩は、メタノールで溶媒和されており、5-アザシチジンとメタノールのモル比は、約1:1である。一実施態様において、本明細書で提供されるのは、実質的に化学的に及び/又は物理的に純粋である5-アザシチジンの塩又は溶媒和物である。一実施態様において、本明細書で提供されるのは、例えば、金属系不純物などの1以上の不純物を実質的に含まない5-アザシチジンの塩又は溶媒和物である。
特定の実施態様を以下の非限定的な実施例によって説明する。
1.シリル化された5-アザシトシンの調製
いくつかのパラメータを変えることによって、カップリング及び脱保護工程のための反応条件を最適化した。結果を下の表1にまとめる。安価でかつ市販で容易に入手可能な金属ルイス酸、例えば、塩化第二スズ及び塩化第二鉄により、カップリング工程のための望ましい収率が得られた。
脱アセチル化反応から得られた5-アザシチジン中の不純物、例えば、金属系不純物を除去するために、5-アザシチジンの塩酸塩を形成させた。得られた塩を次の工程で破壊して、遊離塩基を生じさせ、メタノールを貧溶媒として用いることによって、該遊離塩基をDMSOから再結晶化させると、精製された5-アザシチジンが最終生成物として得られた。
理論値:13.0%
バッチ1A:12.99%
バッチ1B:13.95%
バッチ1C:12.82%
バッチ1D:12.66%
バッチ1E:12.79%
。
(a)5-アザシチジンヘミ硫酸塩の調製
理論値:15.0%
バッチ2A:15.69%
バッチ2B:15.67%
バッチ2C:14.93%
。
理論値:24.88%
バッチ3A:25.15%
バッチ3B:25.27%
。
いくつかの無機酸及び有機酸を5-アザシチジン塩形成について評価し、5-アザシチジン塩中の残留金属含有量を決定した。結果を下の表2にまとめる。
3Lの4つ口丸底フラスコに、5-アザシチジンHCl塩(120.0g、0.4274mol、実施例A-5)及びメタノール(1.2L)を25〜30℃で窒素雰囲気下で添加した。懸濁液を、10分間、25〜30℃で撹拌した。トリエチルアミン(64.8g、0.64mol)を≦30℃でゆっくりと添加した。スラリーを、2時間、25〜30℃で撹拌した。生成物を窒素下で濾過し、メタノール(300mL)で25〜30℃で洗浄した。濾液中の塩化物の存在は、10%硝酸銀溶液を該濾液のごく一部に添加することによってモニタリングした。この検査により、この段階での塩化物の存在が示された(白濁が観察された)。湿った生成物をメタノール(1.0L)に懸濁させ、10分間、25〜30℃で撹拌した。生成物を窒素下で濾過し、メタノール(200.0mL)で25〜30℃で洗浄した。メタノール洗浄後、濾液中に塩化物は検出されなかった。その後、生成物を50〜60℃で真空下(10〜15mmHg)で乾燥させると、5-アザシチジン遊離塩基が白色の結晶性固体(103.5g)として生じた。複数回の実行にわたる5-アザシチジン遊離塩基の平均産出量は約103.4gであり、平均純度は約99.5%であり、平均収率は約97.5%であった。5回の実行にわたって、5-アザシチジン遊離塩基の最大収率は約99.13%であった。5回の実行にわたって、生成物の最大HPLC純度は約99.77%であった。
500mLの4つ口丸底フラスコに、5-アザシチジン遊離塩基(80.0g、0.3275mol、実施例A-7)及びDMSO(200.0mL)を25〜30℃で窒素雰囲気下で添加した。懸濁液を、10分間、25〜30℃で撹拌し、85〜90℃に徐々に加熱した。該物質(mass)を、10分間、85〜90℃で撹拌すると、透明な溶液が得られた。該透明な溶液を濾紙に通して濾過して、不溶性粒子を85〜90℃で除去し、熱いDMSO(80.0mL)で洗浄した。メタノール(1.2L)を、生成物を含む濾過されたDMSO溶液に、70〜80℃で3〜4時間かけてゆっくりと仕込んだ。混合物を、15分間、70〜80℃で撹拌し、25〜30℃に2〜3時間かけて徐々に冷却した。物質を、15時間、25〜30℃で撹拌し、窒素下で濾過した。固体生成物をメタノール(240.0mL)で25〜30℃で洗浄した。該固体生成物を85〜90℃で真空下(10〜15mmHg)で乾燥減量(LOD)が0.4%を下回るまで乾燥させると、5-アザシチジンが白色の結晶性固体(75.6g)として生じた。複数回の実行にわたる再結晶化工程後の5-アザシチジンの平均産出量は約75.8gであり、平均純度は約99.6%であり、平均収率は約95.1%であった。3回の実行にわたって、5-アザシチジンの最大収率は約95.80%であった。3回の実行にわたって、生成物の最大HPLC純度は約99.71%であった。
1.シリル化された5-アザシトシンの調製
3Lの4つ口丸底フラスコに、5-アザシチジン(175.0g、0.7166mol、実施例B-3)及びメタノール(1.75L)を25〜30℃で窒素雰囲気下で添加した。懸濁液を、10分間、25〜30℃で撹拌し、その後、20〜25℃に冷却した。イソプロパノール-HCl(350.0mL、〜14%溶液)を≦25℃で5分かけてゆっくりと添加した。添加後、反応物質は透明な溶液になり、15〜60分後、生成物が形成された。該反応物質を、合計4時間、25〜30℃で撹拌した。生成物を窒素下で濾過し、メタノール(350.0mL)で25〜30℃で洗浄した。生成物を50〜60℃で真空下(10〜15mmHg)で乾燥させると、5-アザシチジン一塩酸塩がオフホワイト色の結晶性固体(151.0g)として生じた。複数回の実行にわたる5-アザシチジン一塩酸塩の平均産出量は約148.8gであり、平均純度は約99.0%であり、平均収率は約74.0%であった。3回の実行にわたって、5-アザシチジン一塩酸塩の最大収率は約75.09%であった。3回の実行にわたって、生成物の最大HPLC純度は約99.12%であった。
3Lの4つ口丸底フラスコに、5-アザシチジン塩酸塩(130.0g、0.4631mol、実施例B-5)及びメタノール(1.3L)を25〜30℃で窒素雰囲気下で添加した。懸濁液を、10分間、25〜30℃で撹拌した。トリエチルアミン(70.3g、0.6946mol)を≦30℃でゆっくりと添加した。スラリーを、2時間、25〜30℃で撹拌した。生成物を窒素下で濾過し、メタノール(300.0mL)で25〜30℃で洗浄した。10%硝酸銀溶液を該濾液のごく一部に添加することによって、濾液中の塩化物の存在をチェックした。この検査により、この段階での塩化物の存在が示された(白濁が観察された)。湿った生成物をメタノール(1.0L)に懸濁させ、10分間、25〜30℃で撹拌した。生成物を窒素下で濾過し、メタノール(200.0mL)で25〜30℃で洗浄した。メタノール洗浄後、濾液中に塩化物は検出されなかった。その後、生成物を50〜60℃で真空下(10〜15mmHg)で乾燥させると、5-アザシチジン遊離塩基がオフホワイト色の固体(113.0g)として生じた。複数回の実行にわたる5-アザシチジン遊離塩基の平均産出量は約112.5gであり、平均純度は約99.2%であり、平均収率は約99.5%であった。3回の実行にわたって、5-アザシチジン遊離塩基の最大収率は約99.99%であった。3回の実行にわたって、生成物の最大HPLC純度は約99.38%であった。
500mLの4つ口丸底フラスコに、5-アザシチジン遊離塩基(100.0g、0.4095mol、実施例B-6)及びDMSO(250.0mL)を25〜30℃で窒素雰囲気下で添加した。懸濁液を、10分間、25〜30℃で撹拌し、85〜90℃に徐々に加熱した。物質を、10分間、85〜90℃で撹拌すると、透明な溶液が得られた。該透明な溶液を濾紙に通して濾過して、不溶性粒子を85〜90℃で除去し、熱いDMSO(100.0mL)で洗浄した。メタノール(1.5L)を、生成物を含む濾過されたDMSO溶液に、70〜80℃で3〜4時間かけてゆっくりと仕込んだ。混合物を、15分間、70〜80℃で撹拌し、25〜30℃に2〜3時間かけて徐々に冷却した。物質を、15時間、25〜30℃で撹拌し、窒素下で濾過した。固体生成物をメタノール(240.0mL)で25〜30℃で洗浄した。該固体生成物を85〜90℃で真空下(10〜15mmHg)でLODが0.4%を下回るまで乾燥させると、5-アザシチジンが白色の固体(86.0g)として生じた。複数回の実行にわたる再結晶化工程後の5-アザシチジンの平均産出量は約86.0gであり、平均純度は約99.4%であり、平均収率は約86.0%であった。3回の実行にわたって、5-アザシチジンの最大収率は約87.5%であった。3回の実行にわたって、生成物の最大HPLC純度は約99.54%であった。
反応収率、純度プロファイル(HPLCによる)、水分含有量(KFによる、%w/w)、比旋光度(specific optional rotation)(SOR、[α]D)、及び金属不純物含有量(例えば、適用可能な場合、Sn又はFe)を、5-アザシチジンを調製するために使用された3つの異なる経路に沿った様々な工程の反復バッチから収集した。トリフラート経路は、TMS-トリフラートをカップリング工程におけるルイス酸として利用した。塩化第二スズ経路は、塩化第二スズをカップリング工程におけるルイス酸として利用した(本明細書中の実施例Aを参照されたい)。塩化第二鉄経路は、塩化第二鉄をカップリング工程におけるルイス酸として利用した(本明細書中の実施例Bを参照されたい)。以下の表は、特定のバッチのデータをまとめたものである。塩化第二スズと塩化第二鉄はともに、5-アザシトシン及びアセチル保護糖からの5-アザシチジンの合成についての良好な全収率を与えた。塩酸塩形成及びその後の塩を破壊して遊離塩基を形成させる工程、並びに該遊離塩基の再結晶化により、金属不純物を実質的に含まない5-アザシチジンバッチが一貫して得られた。
分析データを取得し、これを、5-アザシチジン最終生成物、5-アザシチジンの塩、及びトリアセチル5-アザシチジン中間体の反復バッチについて下に示した。
Claims (36)
- 5-アザシチジンを調製するための方法であって、
(a) 5-アザシトシンをシリル化試薬と反応させて、シリル化された5-アザシトシンを生じさせる工程;
(b) 該シリル化された5-アザシトシンをアシル保護されたβ-D-リボフラノースと金属ルイス酸の存在下で反応させる工程;及び該反応を水及び少なくとも1つの中和試薬でクエンチして、保護された5-アザシチジンを生じさせる工程;
(c) 該保護された5-アザシチジンをアルコキシド、アンモニア、及びテトラ置換水酸化アンモニウムからなる群から選択される塩基とアルコール中で反応させて、5-アザシチジンを生じさせる工程;
(d) 工程(c)由来の5-アザシチジンを塩酸と有機溶媒中で接触させて、5-アザシチジンの塩を生じさせる工程;
(e) 工程(d)由来の5-アザシチジンの塩を塩基と有機溶媒中で接触させて、5-アザシチジン遊離塩基を生じさせる工程;及び
(f) 工程(e)由来の5-アザシチジンを再結晶化して、金属系不純物を含まない、5-アザシチジンを生じさせる工程;
を含む、前記方法。 - 前記再結晶化された5-アザシチジン中の全金属系不純物が、20ppm w/w未満である、請求項1記載の方法。
- R1がメチルである、請求項3記載の方法。
- 前記工程(a)で使用されるシリル化試薬がトリメチルシリル試薬である、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記工程(a)で使用されるシリル化試薬がヘキサメチルジシラザンである、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記工程(a)のシリル化反応を硫酸アンモニウムの存在下で実施する、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記金属ルイス酸が、塩化第二スズ又は塩化第二鉄である、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記金属ルイス酸が塩化第二スズである、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記金属ルイス酸が塩化第二鉄である、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記工程(b)のカップリング反応を低水溶性溶媒中で実施する、請求項1〜14のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記低水溶性溶媒がジクロロメタンである、請求項15記載の方法。
- 前記工程(b)のカップリング反応を、0℃〜5℃の温度で実施する、請求項1〜16のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記工程(b)の中和試薬が炭酸塩又は重炭酸塩である、請求項1〜17のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記工程(b)の中和試薬が重炭酸ナトリウムである、請求項1〜17のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記工程(b)の反応を、10℃未満の温度でクエンチする、請求項1〜19のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記工程(c)の塩基がアルコキシドである、請求項1〜20のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記アルコキシドがナトリウムメトキシドである、請求項21記載の方法。
- 前記工程(c)のアルコールがメタノールである、請求項1〜22のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記工程(d)で使用される有機溶媒がアルコールである、請求項1〜23のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記工程(d)で使用される有機溶媒がメタノールである、請求項1〜24のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記工程(d)で形成される5-アザシチジンの塩が5-アザシチジン一塩酸塩である、請求項1〜25のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記工程(e)で使用される塩基が有機塩基である、請求項1〜26のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記有機塩基がトリエチルアミンである、請求項27記載の方法。
- 前記工程(e)で使用される有機溶媒がアルコールである、請求項1〜28のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記工程(e)で使用される有機溶媒がメタノールである、請求項1〜29のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記工程(f)が、以下の工程:
(1)前記工程(e)由来の5-アザシチジンをジメチルスルホキシドに該5-アザシチジンが溶解するのを可能にするのに十分な温度で溶解させる工程;及び任意に該溶液を濾過して、不溶性粒子を除去する工程;
(2)貧溶媒を該工程(1)の溶液に添加する工程;並びに
(3)該工程(2)の混合物を冷却する工程であって、5-アザシチジンが再結晶化する工程;
を含む、請求項1〜30のいずれか一項記載の方法。 - 前記工程(f)(2)の貧溶媒がアルコールである、請求項31記載の方法。
- 前記工程(f)(2)の貧溶媒がメタノールである、請求項31又は32記載の方法。
- 前記工程(f)が、以下の工程:
(4)前記工程(3)由来の再結晶化された5-アザシチジンを濾過により収集する工程;及び
(5)前記工程(4)由来の5-アザシチジンを真空下で乾燥させる工程
をさらに含む、請求項31〜33のいずれか一項記載の方法。 - 前記工程(d)で形成される5-アザシチジンの塩が不純物を含まない、請求項1〜34のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記工程(d)で形成される5-アザシチジンの塩が結晶性である、請求項1〜35のいずれか一項記載の方法。
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2012
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- 2012-03-29 SG SG2013071915A patent/SG193622A1/en unknown
- 2012-03-29 EP EP12716820.1A patent/EP2691408B1/en active Active
- 2012-03-29 KR KR1020137028446A patent/KR20140019820A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-03-29 RU RU2013148580/04A patent/RU2013148580A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-03-29 WO PCT/US2012/031059 patent/WO2012135405A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-03-29 US US14/007,955 patent/US9951098B2/en active Active
- 2012-03-29 JP JP2014502770A patent/JP6289361B2/ja active Active
- 2012-03-29 AU AU2012236476A patent/AU2012236476A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-03-29 BR BR112013025167A patent/BR112013025167A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2012-03-29 CN CN201280026401.3A patent/CN103619864A/zh active Pending
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US9951098B2 (en) | 2018-04-24 |
EP2691408B1 (en) | 2017-06-28 |
EP2691408A1 (en) | 2014-02-05 |
KR20140019820A (ko) | 2014-02-17 |
BR112013025167A2 (pt) | 2019-09-24 |
SG193622A1 (en) | 2013-11-29 |
CN103619864A (zh) | 2014-03-05 |
WO2012135405A1 (en) | 2012-10-04 |
RU2013148580A (ru) | 2015-05-10 |
JP2014510755A (ja) | 2014-05-01 |
US20140128593A1 (en) | 2014-05-08 |
MX2013010945A (es) | 2014-03-12 |
IL228604A0 (en) | 2013-12-31 |
AU2012236476A1 (en) | 2013-05-02 |
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