JP6272347B2 - 自律走行車両、及び自律走行システム - Google Patents
自律走行車両、及び自律走行システム Download PDFInfo
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- Control Of Position, Course, Altitude, Or Attitude Of Moving Bodies (AREA)
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Description
この従来技術には、故障車両や障害物により搬送路の一部が走行不可能となった場合、走行不可能な個所を含む一部分の区間の制限速度のみを変更し、追い越しにおける対向車との衝突を防ぐ方法が記載されている。これにより、センサの故障等で停止するような不具合が起きた場合でも、他の車両が安全に停止車両を追い越して運行を続ける事が出来、正常な車両まで停止する事を防いで全体の運行効率を上げる事ができる。
前記車両に走行路の地図情報を記憶する地図情報記憶手段と、センサの性能低下の状態を評価するセンサ状態評価手段と、前記車両の現在位置と前記地図情報とから、その位置に停止した場合の他車の運行への影響を評価する運行障害評価手段と、前記センサ状態評価手段の評価結果に応じて、前記車両が走行する際の速度の制限値を設定する速度制限値設定手段とを備え、前記センサ状態評価手段の評価結果が第一の範囲となった場合、前記運行障害評価手段の評価結果が第二の範囲外である場合には前記センサ状態評価手段の評価結果に基づいて、速度制限値を設定した上で制限値の範囲内で走行を継続することを特徴とするものである。
本処理は、当該車両が退避先の目的地に到達し、図7に示したステップS716において送信されたセンサ停止完了通知を管制センタ側で受信するステップS901から開始され、次のステップS902で車両運行状況を更新し、当該車両の安全な停止状態が確認された状態となってからステップS903の他車両に縮退運転モード解除指示を送信し、ステップS904で処理を終了する。
評価値=(無効画素数÷分割エリアの画素数)×領域の重み値・・・(数式1)
+全体の汚れ率×100 ・・・(数式2)
上記式の内(数式1)の項は、各領域における無効画素の割合に、領域毎の重み値を掛け合わせた値である。無効画素とはセンサへの泥や雪などの付着により、画素の部分が見えない、或いは当該画素の出力値が変化しない画素であると定義した。(数式1)の項では無効画素の割合に領域毎の重み値を掛け合わせる事で、障害物検出への影響が少ない領域の汚れについては小さく、影響の大きい領域の汚れについては大きく評価するようにした。
例えば図中E32の領域は主に走行路面が位置する領域であり、車両や一般的な障害物はこれらの領域に位置する可能性が高い。従ってこの領域についた泥汚れ1003によるセンサ性能の低下は大きなものであると考えられ、重み値を80と大きくとっている。一方領域E11については遠景や空などが位置する可能性が高く、障害物検知の上での重要性は低い。従ってこの領域に付着した汚れ1002は領域内の画素数の割合に対して低く評価されても良いと考え、この領域の重み値を10と小さく設定している。
102 センサ2
103 センサ1状態評価手段
104 センサ1障害物検出手段
105 センサ2状態評価手段
106 センサ2障害物検出手段
107 速度・舵角制限値設定手段
108 速度・舵角制御値演算手段
109 走行制御手段
110 自車位置検出手段
111 運行障害評価手段
112 地図情報記憶手段
113 走行手段
401 ステレオカメラ
402 LIDAR
403 ミリ波レーダ
404 GPS
405 センサクリーニング手段
406 センサ性能低下表示手段
407 自律走行車両
515 管制センタ
Claims (13)
- 外界認識センサにより自律走行する自律走行車両において、
前記車両に走行路の地図情報を記憶する地図情報記憶手段と、
センサの性能低下の状態を評価するセンサ状態評価手段と、
前記車両の現在位置と前記地図情報とから、その位置に停止した場合の他車の運行への影響を評価する運行障害評価手段と、
前記センサ状態評価手段の評価結果に応じて、前記車両が走行する際の速度の制限値を設定する速度制限値設定手段とを備え、
前記センサ状態評価手段の評価結果が第一の範囲となった場合、前記運行障害評価手段の評価結果が第二の範囲外である場合には前記センサ状態評価手段の評価結果に基づいて、速度制限値を設定した上で制限値の範囲内で走行を継続することを特徴とする自律走行車両。 - 請求項1の自律走行車両において、
前記速度制限値設定手段は、舵角の制御を行い、
前記センサ状態評価手段の評価結果が第一の範囲となった場合、前記運行障害評価手段の評価結果が第二の範囲外である場合には前記センサ状態評価手段の評価結果に基づいて、舵角制限値を設定した上で制限値の範囲内で走行を継続することを特徴とする自律走行車両。 - 請求項1、又は請求項2の自律走行車両において、
前記運行障害評価手段の評価結果が第二の範囲となった場合に、停止することを特徴とする自律走行車両。 - 請求項1の自律走行車両において、
前記センサの検出エリアを複数に分割してそれぞれに重みを設定し、エリア毎にセンサの汚れ、或いは不具合の程度による評価値を求め、当該評価値に、前記エリアに応じた重みづけを行って得られた値を合計した値を用いて、前記センサ状態評価手段における評価結果を得るようにしたことを特徴とする自律走行車両。 - 請求項2の自律走行車両において、
前記センサ状態評価手段の評価結果が所定の条件を満たした場合に、設定された舵角の制限値を用いて、閉塞区間外である目的地に移動することを特徴とする自律走行車両。 - 請求項1の自律走行車両において、
前記センサ状態評価手段の評価結果が所定の条件を満たした状態の場合に、この状態を外部の管制センタに通知し、該管制センタから送信された目的地までの経路情報を受信することを特徴とする自律走行車両。 - 閉塞制御による管制を行って、センサにより自律走行する複数の自律走行車両を運行する自律走行システムにおいて、
前記車両にセンサの性能低下の状態を検知するセンサ状態評価手段と、
前記センサ状態評価手段の評価結果に基づいて、車両で行う動作を規定したルールを記憶するルール記憶手段と、
センサ状態評価手段の結果に応じて前記ルールに従った動作を行うルール実行手段とを備え、
前記車両或いは管制センタに、
地図情報を記憶する地図情報記憶手段と、
自車の位置情報に基づいて、自車の現在位置が閉塞区間内であるか否かを判断する閉塞区間判別手段と、
前記ルール記憶手段のルールに、少なくとも前記センサ状態評価手段の評価結果に基づいて速度の制限値を設定する動作を設け、
前記センサ状態評価手段の評価結果が所定の条件を満たした場合に、自車の現在位置が前記閉塞区間内である場合には前記ルールに設定された速度の制限値を設定し、閉塞区間外まで前記設定した速度範囲内で走行することを特徴とする自律走行システム。 - 請求項7の自律走行システムにおいて、
前記管制センタに前期ルールを生成するルール生成手段を設け、
該ルール生成手段で生成したルールを、前記管制センタから自律走行車両に送信して利用することを特徴とする自律走行システム。 - 請求項7の自律走行システムにおいて、
前記センサの検出エリアを複数に分割してそれぞれに重みを設定し、エリア毎にセンサの汚れ、或いは不具合の程度による評価値を求め、当該評価値に、前記エリアに応じた重みづけを行って得られた値を合計した値を用いて、前記センサ状態評価手段における評価結果を得るようにしたことを特徴とする自律走行車両システム。 - 請求項7の自律走行システムにおいて、
前記センサ状態評価手段の評価結果が所定の条件を満たした場合に、前記管制センタに通知し、該管制センタは、閉塞区間外にある目的地を検索し、当該目的地までの経路情報を車両に送信することを特徴とする自律走行システム。 - 請求項7の自律走行システムにおいて、
前記センサ状態評価手段の評価結果が所定の条件を満たした際に、前記ルール実行手段で設定された舵角の制限値を用いて、閉塞区間外である目的地に走行することを特徴とする自律走行システム。 - 請求項7の自律走行システムにおいて、
前記管制センタにおいて目的地を選択する場合に、地図情報から適切な場所を選択し、閉塞区間ではない区間を新たに設置して地図情報を更新し、当該区間内の目的地までの経路情報を車両に送信することを特徴とする自律走行システム。 - 請求項7の自律走行システムにおいて、
前記センサ状態評価手段で評価した値の履歴を所定の間隔で記憶するセンサ状態記憶手段を設け、所定のタイミングで、前記管制センタから送信された経路情報に基づいて次の区切りの時刻を予測し、前記評価した値の履歴から、前記区切りの時刻における評価値を推定し、当該推定値が予め設定された範囲を超える場合には、前記管制センタに整備要求を送信し、前記管制センタは、整備可能な位置への経路情報を車両に送信することを特徴とする自律走行システム。
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JP7349318B2 (ja) | 2019-10-18 | 2023-09-22 | 株式会社日立製作所 | センサ性能評価システム及び方法、並びに、自動運転システム |
WO2022092681A1 (ko) * | 2020-10-27 | 2022-05-05 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 최소 위험 조작을 수행하기 위한 차량 및 상기 차량의 작동 방법 |
KR20220081448A (ko) * | 2020-12-08 | 2022-06-16 | 순천대학교 산학협력단 | 카메라와 초음파 센서를 이용한 농업 기계용 안전 모듈 및 이를 이용한 방법 |
KR102460083B1 (ko) * | 2020-12-08 | 2022-10-28 | 순천대학교 산학협력단 | 카메라와 감지 센서를 이용한 농업 기계용 안전 모듈 및 이를 이용한 방법 |
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WO2015068249A1 (ja) | 2015-05-14 |
JPWO2015068249A1 (ja) | 2017-03-09 |
US20160282874A1 (en) | 2016-09-29 |
US10466709B2 (en) | 2019-11-05 |
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