JP6218355B2 - 濾材 - Google Patents
濾材 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6218355B2 JP6218355B2 JP2012015058A JP2012015058A JP6218355B2 JP 6218355 B2 JP6218355 B2 JP 6218355B2 JP 2012015058 A JP2012015058 A JP 2012015058A JP 2012015058 A JP2012015058 A JP 2012015058A JP 6218355 B2 JP6218355 B2 JP 6218355B2
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- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 236
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 118
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 117
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Classifications
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Description
本発明の第1の態様に係る多孔質炭素材料から成り、又は、
本発明の第2の態様に係る多孔質炭素材料から成り、又は、
本発明の第3の態様に係る多孔質炭素材料から成り、又は、
本発明の第4の態様に係る多孔質炭素材料から成る。
HClO+C(多孔質炭素材料) → CO(多孔質炭素材料の表面)
+ H+ + Cl-
といった化学反応に基づき塩素分が除去される。また、本発明の第5の態様〜第8の態様に係る濾材にあっては、使用する多孔質炭素材料の比表面積の値、細孔の容積の値、細孔分布が規定されており、しかも、原料が規定されているので、濾材を通過した水の硬度の制御を行うことができる。
1.本発明の第1の態様〜第4の態様に係る汚染物質除去剤、本発明の第1の態様〜第4の態様に係る炭素/ポリマー複合体、本発明の第1の態様〜第4の態様に係る汚染物質除去シート部材及び本発明の第1の態様〜第15の態様に係る濾材、全般に関する説明
2.実施例1(本発明の第1の態様〜第4の態様に係る汚染物質除去剤、本発明の第1の態様〜第4の態様に係る炭素/ポリマー複合体、本発明の第1の態様〜第4の態様に係る汚染物質除去シート部材及び本発明の第1の態様〜第4の態様に係る濾材)
3.実施例2(実施例1の変形)
4.実施例3(実施例1の別の変形)
5.実施例4(実施例1の更に別の変形)
6.実施例5(実施例1の更に別の変形)
7.実施例6(本発明の第5の態様〜第8の態様に係る濾材)
8.実施例7(本発明の第9の態様〜第15の態様に係る濾材)
9.実施例8(実施例1〜実施例7の変形)、その他
以下の説明において、本発明の第1の態様〜第4の態様に係る汚染物質除去剤を総称して、単に、『本発明の汚染物質除去剤』と呼ぶ場合があるし、本発明の第1の態様〜第4の態様に係る炭素/ポリマー複合体を総称して、単に、『本発明の炭素/ポリマー複合体』と呼ぶ場合があるし、本発明の第1の態様〜第4の態様に係る汚染物質除去シート部材を総称して、単に、『本発明の汚染物質除去シート部材』と呼ぶ場合があるし、本発明の第1の態様〜第15の態様に係る濾材を総称して、単に、『本発明の濾材』と呼ぶ場合がある。また、本発明の汚染物質除去剤、本発明の炭素/ポリマー複合体、本発明の汚染物質除去シート部材及び本発明の濾材を総称して、単に、『本発明』と呼ぶ場合があるし、本発明の汚染物質除去剤、本発明の炭素/ポリマー複合体、本発明の汚染物質除去シート部材及び本発明の第1の態様〜第4の態様、第9の態様〜第15の態様に係る濾材を構成する多孔質炭素材料を総称して、『本発明における多孔質炭素材料』と呼ぶ場合がある。
[p/{Va(p0−p)}]
=[(C−1)/(C・Vm)](p/p0)+[1/(C・Vm)] (1’)
Vm=1/(s+i) (2−1)
C =(s/i)+1 (2−2)
asBET=(Vm・L・σ)/22414 (3)
Va:吸着量
Vm:単分子層の吸着量
p :窒素の平衡時の圧力
p0:窒素の飽和蒸気圧
L :アボガドロ数
σ :窒素の吸着断面積
である。
V :相対圧での吸着量
Mg:窒素の分子量
ρg:窒素の密度
である。
Vpn=Rn・dVn−Rn・dtn・c・ΣApj (6)
但し、
Rn=rpn 2/(rkn−1+dtn)2 (7)
rp:細孔半径
rk:細孔半径rpの細孔の内壁にその圧力において厚さtの吸着層が吸着した場合のコア半径(内径/2)
Vpn:窒素の第n回目の着脱が生じたときの細孔容積
dVn:そのときの変化量
dtn:窒素の第n回目の着脱が生じたときの吸着層の厚さtnの変化量
rkn:その時のコア半径
c:固定値
rpn:窒素の第n回目の着脱が生じたときの細孔半径
である。また、ΣApjは、j=1からj=n−1までの細孔の壁面の面積の積算値を表す。
SiO2+4HF → SiF4+2H2O (B)
実施例2 4.12cm3/グラム
比較例2A 0.26cm3/グラム
比較例2B 0.35cm3/グラム
比較例2C 0.24cm3/グラム
実施例1 5.83%
実施例2 3.49%
実施例7 7.29%
多孔質炭素材料前駆体 43.27%
DPD吸光光度法に基づく除去率(%)
=(原水測定値−通過水測定値)/原水測定値×100
といった方法に基づき得られた塩素の除去率測定結果を図5に示す。尚、400ミリリットル/分の流量を空間速度(SV)に換算すると以下のとおりである。
除去率(%)=(原水測定値−通過水測定値)/原水測定値×100
カルシウム濃度(ミリグラム/リットル)×2.5
+マグネシウム濃度(ミリグラム/リットル)×4.1
として算出した。参考までに世界保健機関(WHO)の基準(軟水:0以上、60未満、中程度の軟水(中硬水):60以上、120未満、硬水:120以上、180未満、非常な硬水:180以上)に従った水の分類も示した。
比表面積 全細孔容積 MP法 BJH法 質量
実施例1A 1753 1.65 0.66 1.19
実施例1B 2056 1.83 0.73 1.37
参考例1 1804 1.64 0.67 1.27
比較例1A 1015 1.04 0.80 1.12
比較例1B 375 0.21 0.16 0.07
比較例1C 848 0.43 0.40 0.08
比較例1D 1109 0.62 0.49 0.21
実施例2 1612 1.51 0.51 1.13 0.16
比較例2A 1099 0.57 0.50 0.14 1.00
比較例2B 908 0.48 0.42 0.12 0.85
比較例2C 1090 0.54 0.50 0.18 1.00
実施例4 1321 1.13 0.70 0.56
実施例6A 802 0.434 0.40 0.15
実施例6B 372 0.223 0.20 0.096
実施例6C 605 0.402 0.33 0.21
実施例6D 843 0.396 0.33 0.080
比較例6 929 0.414 0.40 0.061
容積割合 全細孔の容積総計(容積A)
実施例1A 0.5354 2.0168cm3/グラム
実施例1B 0.4820 2.2389cm3/グラム
参考例1 0.4774 2.0595cm3/グラム
比較例1A 0.2755 1.8993cm3/グラム
比較例1B 0.0951 0.3228cm3/グラム
比較例1C 0.0526 0.7105cm3/グラム
比較例1D 0.1125 0.8427cm3/グラム
実施例2 0.5036 1.8934cm3/グラム
比較例2A 0.1170 0.8836cm3/グラム
比較例2B 0.0818 0.7869cm3/グラム
比較例2C 0.0300 0.8765cm3/グラム
実施例4 0.4661 1.4396cm3/グラム
比較例4 0.1340 0.7557cm3/グラム
実施例6A 0.4006 0.5567cm3/グラム
実施例6B 0.0553 0.3038cm3/グラム
実施例6C 0.1566 0.7171cm3/グラム
実施例6D 0.2597 0.5044cm3/グラム
比較例6 0.0216 0.6935cm3/グラム
比表面積 全細孔容積 MP法 BJH法 質量
実施例7 1280 0.93 0.44 0.52 0.30
比較例7 820 0.41 0.39 0.08 1.15
容積割合 全細孔の容積総計(容積A)
実施例7 0.3723 1.2534cm3/グラム
比較例7 0.0219 0.6935cm3/グラム
実施例7 1.94cm3/グラム
比較例7 0.26cm3/グラム
(A)ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム0.9ミリグラム
(B)クロロタロニル6.0マイクログラム
(C)ジクロロボス6.0マイクログラム
(D)溶解性鉛(具体的には酢酸鉛)6マイクログラム(鉛換算)
(E)遊離塩素として次亜塩素酸ナトリウム0.2ミリグラム(塩素換算)
(F)全有機ハロゲンとしてTOX濃度130±20マイクログラム(塩素換算)
をそれぞれ溶解した溶液を調製し、流量40ミリリットル/分にて、2cm3の各試料を通過させた。そして、通水前後の濃度を測定し、除去率を算出した。尚、流量40ミリリットル/分は、以下の空間速度(SV)に対応する。
(A)ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム0.9ミリグラム
(B)クロロタロニル6マイクログラム
(E)遊離塩素として次亜塩素酸ナトリウム2.0ミリグラム(塩素換算)
をそれぞれ溶解した溶液を調製し、流量240ミリリットル/分にて、2cm3の各試料を通過させた。そして、通水前後の濃度を測定し、除去率を算出した。尚、流量240ミリリットル/分は、以下の空間速度(SV)に対応する。
SV=40×60(ミリリットル/時)/2cm3 =1200時-1
流量240ミリリットル/分:
SV=240×60(ミリリットル/時)/2cm3=7200時-1
Claims (15)
- 窒素BET法による比表面積の値が1×102m2/グラム以上、BJH法による細孔の容積が0.3cm3/グラム以上、粒径が75μm以上、1.7mm以下である多孔質炭素材料から成り、
多孔質炭素材料の嵩密度は0.1グラム/cm3乃至0.8グラム/cm3である、飲料水を濾過する濾材。 - 窒素BET法による比表面積の値が1×102m2/グラム以上、非局在化密度汎関数法によって求められた直径1×10-9m乃至5×10-7mの細孔の容積の合計が1.0cm3/グラム以上、粒径が75μm以上、1.7mm以下である多孔質炭素材料から成り、
多孔質炭素材料の嵩密度は0.1グラム/cm3乃至0.8グラム/cm3である、飲料水を濾過する濾材。 - 窒素BET法による比表面積の値が1×102m2/グラム以上、非局在化密度汎関数法によって求められた細孔径分布において、3nm乃至20nmの範囲内に少なくとも1つピークを有し、3nm乃至20nmの範囲内に細孔径を有する細孔の容積の合計の占める割合が全細孔の容積総計の0.2以上であり、粒径が75μm以上、1.7mm以下である多孔質炭素材料から成り、
多孔質炭素材料の嵩密度は0.1グラム/cm3乃至0.8グラム/cm3である、飲料水を濾過する濾材。 - 窒素BET法による比表面積の値が1×102m2/グラム以上、水銀圧入法による細孔の容積が1.0cm3/グラム以上、粒径が75μm以上、1.7mm以下である多孔質炭素材料から成り、
多孔質炭素材料の嵩密度は0.1グラム/cm3乃至0.8グラム/cm3である、飲料水を濾過する濾材。 - 窒素BET法による比表面積の値が1×102m2/グラム以上、BJH法による細孔の容積が0.1cm3/グラム以上の多孔質炭素材料から成り、
多孔質炭素材料の嵩密度は0.1グラム/cm3乃至0.8グラム/cm3であり、
通過前後において飲料水又は化粧水中のミネラル成分を増加させ、
硬度0.1以下の水50ミリリットルに濾材を1グラム添加し、6時間、経過した後の硬度が5以上となる濾材。 - 窒素BET法による比表面積の値が1×102m2/グラム以上、非局在化密度汎関数法によって求められた直径1×10-9m乃至5×10-7mの細孔の容積の合計が0.1cm3/グラム以上の多孔質炭素材料から成り、
多孔質炭素材料の嵩密度は0.1グラム/cm3乃至0.8グラム/cm3であり、
通過前後において飲料水又は化粧水中のミネラル成分を増加させ、
硬度0.1以下の水50ミリリットルに濾材を1グラム添加し、6時間、経過した後の硬度が5以上となる濾材。 - 窒素BET法による比表面積の値が1×102m2/グラム以上、非局在化密度汎関数法によって求められた細孔径分布において、3nm乃至20nmの範囲内に少なくとも1つピークを有し、3nm乃至20nmの範囲内に細孔径を有する細孔の容積の合計の占める割合が全細孔の容積総計の0.1以上の多孔質炭素材料から成り、
多孔質炭素材料の嵩密度は0.1グラム/cm3乃至0.8グラム/cm3であり、
通過前後において飲料水又は化粧水中のミネラル成分を増加させ、
硬度0.1以下の水50ミリリットルに濾材を1グラム添加し、6時間、経過した後の硬度が5以上となる濾材。 - 窒素BET法による比表面積の値が1×102m2/グラム以上、水銀圧入法による細孔の容積が1.0cm3/グラム以上の多孔質炭素材料から成り、
多孔質炭素材料の嵩密度は0.1グラム/cm3乃至0.8グラム/cm3であり、
通過前後において飲料水又は化粧水中のミネラル成分を増加させ、
硬度0.1以下の水50ミリリットルに濾材を1グラム添加し、6時間、経過した後の硬度が5以上となる濾材。 - 請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の多孔質炭素材料から成り、
分子量1×102乃至1×105の物質を1マイクログラム/リットル含む水を、空間速度1200時-1において48時間、連続して通液を行ったとき、該物質の除去率が80%に達する迄の時間が、ヤシガラ活性炭を用いたときの該物質の除去率が80%に達する迄の時間の2倍以上である濾材。 - 請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の多孔質炭素材料から成り、
ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸塩を0.9ミリグラム/リットル含む水を、空間速度1200時-1において25時間、連続して通液を行ったとき、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸塩の除去率は10%以上である濾材。 - 請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の多孔質炭素材料から成り、
クロロタロニルを6マイクログラム/リットル含む水を、空間速度1200時-1において50時間、連続して通液を行ったとき、クロロタロニルの除去率は60%以上である濾材。 - 請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の多孔質炭素材料から成り、
ジクロロボスを6マイクログラム/リットル含む水を、空間速度1200時-1において25時間、連続して通液を行ったとき、ジクロロボスの除去率は60%以上である濾材。 - 請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の多孔質炭素材料から成り、
溶解性鉛を6マイクログラム/リットル含む水を、空間速度1200時-1において25時間、連続して通液を行ったとき、溶解性鉛の除去率は30%以上である濾材。 - 請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の多孔質炭素材料から成り、
遊離塩素を0.2ミリグラム/リットル含む水を、空間速度1200時-1において50時間、連続して通液を行ったとき、遊離塩素の除去率は70%以上である濾材。 - 請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の多孔質炭素材料から成り、
全有機ハロゲンを塩素換算で130マイクログラム/リットル含む水を、空間速度1200時-1において5時間、連続して通液を行ったとき、全有機ハロゲンの除去率は45%以上である濾材。
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