JP6180458B2 - 車両用エネルギーマネジメント装置 - Google Patents
車両用エネルギーマネジメント装置 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 82
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 51
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- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 30
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- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 description 12
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
- Control Of Driving Devices And Active Controlling Of Vehicle (AREA)
- Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
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Description
<システム構成>
図1は、本発明に係る実施の形態1の車両用エネルギーマネジメント装置100の構成を示すブロック図である。図1に示すように車両用エネルギーマネジメント装置100は、車両の現在地、車速、図示されないバッテリ(2次電池)の充電状態(充電残量)などの車両情報を取得する車両情報取得部2と、出発地から目的地までの経路情報として、走行ルート、道路勾配、道路種別などの経路情報を取得する経路情報取得部3と、経路情報取得部3の経路情報に基づいて、オートクルーズ区間を判定するオートクルーズ区間判定部4と、経路情報取得部3とオートクルーズ区間判定部4の出力に基づいて、目的地までの経路上の各地点または各区間で自車両が出しても良い車速範囲を演算する速度範囲演算部5と、加速度範囲演算部6とを備えている。
次に、最適計画演算部7で立案された目標車速計画と、パワートレインアクチュエータの駆動要否計画の一例について図2を用いて説明する。
以上説明したような目標車速型モードでの目標車速計画やパワートレインアクチュエータの駆動要否計画は、目的地までの燃料消費量を目的関数として、車両情報取得部2、経路情報取得部3、速度範囲演算部5および加速度範囲演算部6の出力を制約条件とする最適化問題を演算することで立案することができ、燃料消費量の最小化を達成できる。
P<モータ最大出力(EVモード時)、
P<モータ最大出力+エンジン最大出力(HEVモード時)、
速度範囲下限<Vs<速度範囲上限、
加速度範囲下限<dVs/dt<加速度範囲上限、
充電残量下限<充電残量<充電残量上限、
エンジン回転数=エンジン回転数特性(Pを変数とするマップから取得)、
エンジントルク=エンジントルク特性(Pを変数とするマップから取得)、
燃料消費量=エンジン燃料特性(回転数、トルクを変数とするマップから取得)などを挙げることができる。
遺伝的アルゴリズムは、生物の進化をベースとした最適化手法であり、環境に適応した強い個体の遺伝子が次世代に生き残り、交叉や突然変異により子孫を残すことを繰り返しながら最適解に近づける手法である。
以上の説明においては、目的関数を出発地から目的地までの燃料消費量とし、それを最小とするように最適化問題の解を求める例を示したが、燃料消費量だけでなく、車速範囲外や加速度範囲外となる計画をペナルティ項として追加しても良い。ペナルティ項を追加することで、燃料消費量が最小となるだけでなく、運転者の快適性や様々な評価指標に基づいて最適計画を立案することができる。
次に、図5に示すフローチャートを用いて、実施の形態1に係る車両用エネルギーマネジメント装置100の動作について説明する。
<システム構成>
図6は、本発明に係る実施の形態2の車両用エネルギーマネジメント装置200の構成を示すブロック図である。図6に示すように車両用エネルギーマネジメント装置200は、図1を用いて説明した実施の形態1の車両用エネルギーマネジメント装置100が備えていたオートクルーズ区間判定部4と加速度範囲演算部6を備えず、先行車両の経路や走行速度計画などの先行車両情報を取得する先行車両情報取得部14と、先行車両情報取得部14の出力に基づいて先行車両との車間距離範囲を演算する車間距離範囲演算部15を備えている。
次に、最適計画演算部7で立案された目標車速計画と、パワートレインアクチュエータの駆動要否計画に基づいて設定された走行モードの一例について図7を用いて説明する。
次に、図8に示すフローチャートを用いて、実施の形態2に係る車両用エネルギーマネジメント装置200の動作について説明する。
Claims (10)
- 電動車両に搭載され、前記電動車両のエネルギーをマネジメントする車両用エネルギーマネジメント装置であって、
前記電動車両は、
前記電動車両を駆動するモータおよびエンジンと、
前記エンジンの回転力により発電すると共に、前記モータによる前記電動車両の制動時に発電するジェネレータと、
前記モータを駆動する電力を供給すると共に、前記ジェネレータで発電された電力を蓄えるバッテリと、を備え、
前記車両用エネルギーマネジメント装置は、
前記電動車両の車速および前記バッテリの充電状態の情報を少なくとも含む車両情報を取得する車両情報取得部と、
目的地までの経路情報を取得する経路情報取得部と、
前記経路情報および前記車両情報に基づいて、目的地までの目標車速計画と、前記モータ、前記エンジンおよび前記ジェネレータの駆動要否計画を立てる最適計画演算部と、
前記最適計画演算部で立てられた前記駆動要否計画に基づいて、前記モータ、前記エンジンおよび前記ジェネレータを制御する車両制御指示部を有し、
前記最適計画演算部は、
前記経路情報および前記車両情報に基づいて、前記目的地までの燃料消費量を最小にするようにエンジン効率を考慮した前記駆動要否計画および前記目標車速計画を立て、
前記車両制御指示部は、少なくとも前記駆動要否計画に従って前記モータ、前記エンジンおよび前記ジェネレータを制御し、
前記最適計画演算部は、
前記目的地までの前記燃料消費量を目的関数として、少なくとも前記経路情報および前記車両情報を制約条件とする最適化問題を演算することで前記駆動要否計画および前記目標車速計画をまとめて立てる、車両用エネルギーマネジメント装置。 - 前記車両用エネルギーマネジメント装置は、
前記経路情報に基づいて、前記目的地までの経路において許容される速度範囲を算出する速度範囲演算部を有し、
前記最適計画演算部は、
前記速度範囲演算部で算出された前記速度範囲も含めて前記駆動要否計画および前記目標車速計画を立てる、請求項1記載の車両用エネルギーマネジメント装置。 - 前記速度範囲は、
法定速度を順守する範囲に設定される、請求項2記載の車両用エネルギーマネジメント装置。 - 前記車両用エネルギーマネジメント装置は、
前記経路情報に基づいて、前記目的地までの前記経路において許容される加速度範囲を算出する加速度範囲演算部をさらに有し、
前記最適計画演算部は、
前記加速度範囲演算部で算出された前記加速度範囲も含めて前記駆動要否計画および前記目標車速計画を立てる、請求項2記載の車両用エネルギーマネジメント装置。 - 前記加速度範囲は、
前記電動車両の運転者に不快感を与えない範囲に設定される、請求項4記載の車両用エネルギーマネジメント装置。 - 前記経路情報に基づいて、前記目的地までの前記経路におけるオートクルーズ区間を判定するオートクルーズ区間判定部をさらに有し、
前記速度範囲演算部は、前記オートクルーズ区間判定部で判定された前記オートクルーズ区間も含めて前記速度範囲を算出する、請求項2記載の車両用エネルギーマネジメント装置。 - 前記速度範囲演算部は、
前記オートクルーズ区間以外の区間での前記速度範囲の幅を前記オートクルーズ区間よりも狭めるように演算する、請求項6記載の車両用エネルギーマネジメント装置。 - 前記車両用エネルギーマネジメント装置は、
先行車両の経路および走行速度計画を含む先行車両情報を取得する先行車両情報取得部を有し、
前記速度範囲演算部は、前記経路情報と前記先行車両情報に基づいて前記速度範囲を算出し、
前記速度範囲は、前記先行車両が存在する区間では、前記先行車両が存在しない区間とは異なった範囲に設定される、請求項2記載の車両用エネルギーマネジメント装置。 - 前記車両用エネルギーマネジメント装置は、
前記先行車両情報に基づいて、前記先行車両との車間距離範囲を算出する車間距離範囲演算部を有し、
前記最適計画演算部は、
前記車間距離範囲演算部で算出された前記車間距離範囲も含めて前記駆動要否計画および前記目標車速計画を立てる、請求項8記載の車両用エネルギーマネジメント装置。 - 前記経路情報は、少なくとも道路勾配の情報を含む、請求項1記載の車両用エネルギーマネジメント装置。
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DE102013220935A1 (de) | 2013-10-16 | 2015-04-16 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zur Anpassung einer vorausschauenden Betriebsstrategie |
WO2016038680A1 (ja) * | 2014-09-09 | 2016-03-17 | 日産自動車株式会社 | ハイブリッド車両の制御装置 |
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US20160304080A1 (en) | 2016-10-20 |
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