JP6155469B2 - 固体高分子型燃料電池用の膜電極接合体とその製造方法および固体高分子型燃料電池 - Google Patents
固体高分子型燃料電池用の膜電極接合体とその製造方法および固体高分子型燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 127
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 56
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 52
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 12
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 45
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002001 electrolyte material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001523 electrospinning Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000929 Ru alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CFQCIHVMOFOCGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru].[Pt] CFQCIHVMOFOCGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1058—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties
- H01M8/1062—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties characterised by the physical properties of the porous support, e.g. its porosity or thickness
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
- H01M8/1081—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes starting from solutions, dispersions or slurries exclusively of polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
- H01M8/242—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes comprising framed electrodes or intermediary frame-like gaskets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2483—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by internal manifolds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/10—Fuel cells in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
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- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Description
負極では H2 → 2H+ + 2e− ・・・(1)
正極では 1/2O2 + 2H+ + 2e− → H2O ・・・(2)
の反応が起こり、電気エネルギが発生する。
1.繊維材料の作製について:
ペレット状のPVDF(アルケマ社製 分子量275000)を自公転ミキサーで撹拌し、DMAcに溶解させ溶液とした。PVDF:DMAcは重量比で2:8の混合比とした。
エレクトロスピニング法に用いる繊維製造装置(型番:NF101,パナソニックファクトリーソリューションズ社製)を用意した。容量10mLのディスポーザブルシリンジの先端に28G(内径0.3mm、外径0.36mm、針長15mm)のステンレス製のノズルを装着した。コレクタからノズルまでの距離は120mm、コレクタとノズル間の印加電圧15kV、送液圧力30kPaの条件で、繊維を作製した。コレクタ上に生成した繊維の繊維径は200nm〜500nmの分布を持っており、平均繊維径は300nmであった。また繊維からなる不織布の膜厚は30μmであった。
熱ロールプレス装置(型番:NF102,パナソニックファクトリーソリューションズ社製)を用意した。上ロール、下ロールの温度は125℃、ロール間ギャップは60μm、ロール間の押し圧力は12MPaとした。不織布の上を第1の領域の部分を切り抜いた厚み38μmのPET基材で、不織布の下を厚み38μmのPET基材ではさみ、熱ロールプレスを実施した。プレス後の第2の領域は透明のシート状になり、その膜厚は7μmであった。
細孔径分布の測定器(型番:CFP−1200AEX,Porous Metrials, Inc.製)、試液(品名:Galwick, surface tention: 15.9dynes/cm,Porous Metrials,Inc.製)を用意し、バブルポイント法にて補強膜の第1の領域、第2の領域、それぞれの細孔径分布の測定を実施した。比較用として熱ロールプレス前の補強膜を測定した。試料のサイズはΦ25mmとした。Galwick液使用時の細孔径測定範囲は0.035μm〜180μmである。
その結果を表1に示す。
ガスリークの測定器(型番:NF−201,パナソニック社製)を用意し、Heガスを用いて補強膜の第2の領域のガスのリーク量をスニファー法により測定を実施した。比較用として市販の電解質膜(品名:ゴアセレクト,日本ゴア株式会社製)の測定を実施した。測定された膜の一方の面から他方の面、すなわち膜の厚み方向へのガスのリーク量を、クロスリーク量とした。試料のサイズは120×120mmとした。その結果を(表1)に示す。
なお、式中、dは補強膜の孔径、rは液体の表面張力、Pはその孔径の液膜が破壊される圧力、Cは定数である。
2 補強膜
4,111a,111b 枠体
21 第1の領域
22 第2の領域
51 アノード側触媒層
52 カソード側触媒層
53,102 ガス拡散層
Claims (5)
- 高分子電解質膜と、
前記高分子電解質膜の両表面に配置された触媒層とガス拡散層と、
孔径の異なる領域を有する不織布からなる補強膜と、
を有する固体高分子型燃料電池用の膜電極接合体において、
前記補強膜は、全面にわたって孔径を備え、
前記高分子電解質膜に内包されると共に孔径が0.035μm以上5μm以下である前記補強膜の第1の領域の外周部に配置され、かつ、前記第1の領域の孔径よりも小さい孔径を有する第2の領域の一部は、前記高分子電解質膜の周縁部から張り出しており、
前記高分子電解質膜の厚み方向における前記第1の領域の補強膜の厚みは、前記第2の領域の補強膜の厚みよりも厚いこと、
を特徴とする固体高分子型燃料電池用の膜電極接合体。 - 前記補強膜を構成する不織布の繊維は、PVDF、またはPVF、またはPVDFやPVFから選択されるポリマーを構成する複数のモノマー単位からなる共重合体、またはこれらのポリマーの混合物からなり、
前記繊維の平均繊維径は、0.01μm以上1μm以下である、請求項1記載の固体高分子型燃料電池用の膜電極接合体。 - 前記補強膜の第1の領域の空隙は、スルホン酸基を有するパーフルオロカーボン重合体で充填されている、請求項1記載の固体高分子型燃料電池用の膜電極接合体。
- 請求項1記載の膜電極接合体と、
前記膜電極接合体の周縁部を保持し、樹脂により形成された枠体と、を備え、前記膜電極接合体と前記枠体とを一体化構造とした、固体高分子型燃料電池用の膜−電極−枠体接合体。 - 請求項4記載の固体高分子型燃料電池用の膜−電極−枠体接合体を挟むように配置された一対のセパレータを有する単セルを、1又は複数積層して備える、固体高分子型燃料電池。
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JP2012148239 | 2012-07-02 | ||
JP2012148239 | 2012-07-02 | ||
PCT/JP2013/003474 WO2014006817A1 (ja) | 2012-07-02 | 2013-06-03 | 固体高分子型燃料電池用の膜電極接合体とその製造方法および固体高分子型燃料電池 |
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JPWO2014006817A1 JPWO2014006817A1 (ja) | 2016-06-02 |
JP6155469B2 true JP6155469B2 (ja) | 2017-07-05 |
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US (1) | US10074866B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2858155B1 (ja) |
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WO (1) | WO2014006817A1 (ja) |
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EP2942831B1 (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2017-08-09 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Electrolyte membrane for fuel cell, manufacturing method of electrolyte membrane, membrane electrode assembly, and fuel cell |
FR3014247B1 (fr) * | 2013-11-29 | 2016-01-01 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de fabrication d'un assemblage membrane/electrodes comportant des renforts |
GB201420934D0 (en) | 2014-11-25 | 2015-01-07 | Johnson Matthey Fuel Cells Ltd | Membrane-seal assembly |
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