JP6145098B2 - 有害生物防除配合物並びにその製造方法及び使用 - Google Patents
有害生物防除配合物並びにその製造方法及び使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6145098B2 JP6145098B2 JP2014534030A JP2014534030A JP6145098B2 JP 6145098 B2 JP6145098 B2 JP 6145098B2 JP 2014534030 A JP2014534030 A JP 2014534030A JP 2014534030 A JP2014534030 A JP 2014534030A JP 6145098 B2 JP6145098 B2 JP 6145098B2
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- insecticidal
- neem
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- 231100000194 ovacidal Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- JUVIOZPCNVVQFO-HBGVWJBISA-N rotenone Chemical compound O([C@H](CC1=C2O3)C(C)=C)C1=CC=C2C(=O)[C@@H]1[C@H]3COC2=C1C=C(OC)C(OC)=C2 JUVIOZPCNVVQFO-HBGVWJBISA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010672 sassafras oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000005687 scabies Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005582 sexual transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
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- HCXVJBMSMIARIN-PHZDYDNGSA-N stigmasterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)/C=C/[C@@H](CC)C(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HCXVJBMSMIARIN-PHZDYDNGSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000016788 valerian Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012141 vanillin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
- A01N65/42—Aloeaceae [Aloe family] or Liliaceae [Lily family], e.g. aloe, veratrum, onion, garlic or chives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N35/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical
- A01N35/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical containing aldehyde or keto groups, or thio analogues thereof, directly attached to an aromatic ring system, e.g. acetophenone; Derivatives thereof, e.g. acetals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/22—Lamiaceae or Labiatae [Mint family], e.g. thyme, rosemary, skullcap, selfheal, lavender, perilla, pennyroyal, peppermint or spearmint
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/24—Lauraceae [Laurel family], e.g. laurel, avocado, sassafras, cinnamon or camphor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/26—Meliaceae [Chinaberry or Mahogany family], e.g. mahogany, langsat or neem
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/28—Myrtaceae [Myrtle family], e.g. teatree or clove
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/36—Rutaceae [Rue family], e.g. lime, orange, lemon, corktree or pricklyash
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Description
を有する。
式中、R1は、
でありうる。
式中、R2、R3、R4、R5及びR6は独立して水素、又は例えばメチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ブチル基若しくはペンチル基等を含むアルキル基、アルケニル基若しくはアルキニル基、水酸基、ハロ官能基、又はアルコール、ハロ、若しくは他の極性官能基を含むアルキル基、アルケニル基若しくはアルキニル基である。R7及びR8は独立して水素、又は例えばメチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ブチル基若しくはペンチル基等を含むアルキル基、又は芳香族基でありうる。いくつかの実施形態では、R7及び/又はR8は、他の置換基を有しうる。いくつかの実施形態では、R2、R3、R4、R5及び/又はR6は、他の置換基を有しうる。いくつかの実施形態では、他の極性芳香族溶媒を使用しうる。
表1.殺虫性天然油の化学成分
表2.殺虫性天然油の化学成分の知られている殺虫活性
ニーム油5.5重量%、アセトフェノン15.5重量%、天然油(レモングラス油、スペアミント油、クローブ油、及びウィンターグリーン油)8重量%、及びエトキシル化キャスター油5.0重量%を含む「溶液A」を、キャリア希釈剤としてのイソプロピルアルコール(イソプロパノール)を用いて調製した。100%の溶液A、イソプロパノール中で50%の溶液A、イソプロパノール中で25%の溶液A、イソプロパノール中で10%の溶液Aとなるように、連続希釈を行った。各溶液1.0mLをペトリ皿中で90ミリ濾紙基材に塗布した。基材を2時間空気乾燥し、次いで成虫トコジラミ(約半分がオスで半分がメス)を寄生させた。各投与群および陰性対照群の複製物を同時に試験した。死亡率は、寄生後特定の間隔で観察した。刺激によって反応しなかった場合の成虫トコジラミを死んだものとしてカウントした。
表3.乾燥残留殺虫活性
本実施例は、活性成分として種々の殺虫性天然油を含む配合物の乾燥残留殺虫活性を示す。活性成分としての2.5重量%の殺虫性天然油、2.5重量%のラウリル硫酸ナトリウム、5.0重量%の溶媒(上述のアセトフェノン又は乳酸エチル)、及び希釈剤としての適量の水を混合して溶液を調製した。各溶液1.0mLをペトリ皿中で直径90ミリの濾紙の3つの複製に塗布した(投与群)。投与群及び未投与対照群の3つの複製を、既知数の成虫トコジラミ(ほぼ半分がオスであり半分がほぼメスである)の寄生の前に2時間乾燥した。
表4.殺虫性天然油を組み込んだ配合物のLT50及び最大死亡率
**中断:95%C.I.は、LT50が2時間より低い場合、確実な計算ができなかった。
本実施例は、ニーム油と、アルコール、ケトン、エステル及びカルボン酸を含む種々の有機溶媒とを含む配合物の乾燥残留殺虫活性を示す。溶液は、5.5重量%のニーム油、表5に示す重量%の有機溶媒、及びキャリア希釈液としての適量のイソプロパノールを用いて調製した。各溶媒の重量%は、各溶液において一定の溶媒のモル量を確保するために変更した(最終濃度は1.5mol/kgである)。各溶液の投与群は、直径90ミリの濾紙に1.0mLの溶液を投与し、4時間空気乾燥することにより調製した。既知数の成虫を、投与後4時間で、投与した各ペトリ皿に加えた。トコジラミの死亡率は、寄生後直ちに及び寄生後1時間、2時間、4時間、6時間、8時間、10時間、12時間及び24時間の間隔で、その後は24時間間隔で寄生後14日まで評価した。刺激によって反応しなかった場合の成虫トコジラミを死んだものとしてカウントした。表5は、全ての投与群の最大死亡率(%)及び最大死亡率の到達に要した時間を示す。
表5.異なる有機溶媒を有する配合物の最大死亡率(%)
本実施例は、ニーム油と、アルコール、ケトン、エステル及びカルボン酸を含む種々の有機溶媒とを含む配合物の乾燥残留殺虫活性を示す。溶液は、5.5重量%のニーム油、1.5mol/kgの有機溶媒及びキャリア希釈液としての適量のイソプロパノールを用いて調製した。各溶媒の重量%は、各溶液において一定の溶媒のモル量を確保するために変更した。各溶液の投与群は、直径90ミリの濾紙に1.0mLの溶液を投与し、高換気室で4時間空気乾燥することにより調製した。既知数の成虫を、投与後4時間で、投与した各ペトリ皿に加えた。トコジラミの死亡率は、寄生後直ちに及び寄生後1時間、2時間、4時間、6時間、8時間、10時間、12時間及び24時間の間隔で、その後は24時間の間隔で寄生後14日まで評価した。刺激によって反応しなかった場合の成虫トコジラミを死んだものとしてカウントした。表6は、全ての投与群の最大死亡率(%)及び最大死亡率の到達に要した時間を示す。
表6.異なる有機溶媒を含む配合物の最大死亡率(%)
キャリア希釈液としてイソプロパノールをそれぞれ含む3つの溶液を調製した。「溶液A」は、5.5重量%のニーム油及び1.25重量%のキャスター油を含む。「溶液B」は、18.25重量%のアセトフェノン及び1.25重量%のキャスター油を含む。「溶液C」は、5.5重量%のニーム油、18.25重量%のアセトフェノン及び1.25重量%のキャスター油を含む。各溶液1.0mLをペトリ皿中で直径90ミリの濾紙の1つの複製に塗布した(投与群)。未投与の対照群を同時に試験した。処理群は全て成虫のトコジラミの寄生前に4時間乾燥させた。
表7.4時間乾燥物の平均死亡率(%)
キャリア希釈液としてイソプロパノールをそれぞれ含む6つの溶液を調製した。「溶液A」は、5.5重量%のニーム油、15.5重量%のアセトフェノン、1.8重量%の天然油(レモングラス油及びウィンターグリーン油)及び1.25重量%の界面活性剤を含む。「溶液B」は、5.5重量%のニーム油、15.5重量%のアセトフェノン及び5.0重量%の界面活性剤を含む。「溶液C」は、5.5重量%のニーム油のみを含む。「溶液D」は、15.5重量%のアセトフェノンのみを含む。「溶液E」は、1.8重量%の天然油(レモングラス油及びウィンターグリーン油)を含む。「溶液F」は、5.5重量%のニーム油及び15.5重量%のアセトフェノンを含む。ペトリ皿に収容した直径90ミリメートルの濾紙に1.0mLの各溶液を塗布した(投与群)。全ての溶液に使用した界面活性剤は、エトキシ化キャスター油である。各投与群の2つの複製及び陰性対照群の2つの複製を同時に試験した。投与した表面をペトリ皿内で、プラスチックパラフィンフィルムでシールし、8日間放置し、既知数の成虫のトコジラミの寄生前に4時間空気に曝露した。
表8.8日間経過した残留物の平均死亡率(%)
本実施例は、ニーム油、アセトフェノン及び界面活性剤の組み合わせのトコジラミに対する長期残留殺虫活性を示す。この実施例で使用される方法は、殺虫性組成物の再投与に必要な間隔の評価を容易にする。ニーム油を5.5重量%、アセトフェノンを15.5重量%、天然油(レモングラス油、スペアミント油、クローブ油、ウィンターグリーン油)を8重量%及びエトキシ化キャスター油を5.0重量%有する溶液を調製し、キャリア希釈剤としての適量のイソプロピルアルコールと組み合わせた。ペトリ皿に収容した直径90ミリメートルの未塗層の合板表面に1.0mLの各溶液を塗布した。5つの複製を投与群として、及び5つの複製を未投与陰性対照群として同時に試験を行った。全ての投与群基材に実験開始時に投与し、寄生時まで空気乾燥した。1日目には、成虫のトコジラミを、投与直後又は投与後2時間で寄生させた(基材は乾燥していた)。続く30日間、1日目に投与した基材の複製に成虫のトコジラミを寄生させて、空気乾燥した。トコジラミの寄生後毎日の間隔で、この間隔の間に死亡したトコジラミの数を数えた。刺激した場合に、反応しなかった成虫トコジラミを数えた。
表9.長時間乾燥後の組成物を寄生後15日間観察した平均死亡率(%)
本実施例は、ニーム油、アセトフェノン及び適切な界面活性剤を含む組成物による卵の羽化の抑制を示す。トコジラミの卵の羽化の乾燥残留抑制を、組成物の塗布方法が異なるものと及び未投与対照群と比較した。ニーム油を5.5重量%、アセトフェノンを15.5重量%、天然油(レモングラス油、スペアミント油、クローブ油及びウィンターグリーン油)を8重量%及びエトキシ化キャスター油を5.0重量%有する溶液を調製し、キャリア希釈剤としての適量のイソプロピルアルコールと組み合わせた。3つの異なる投与群を準備した。一つは、溶液1.0mLを濾紙に投与し、濾紙を卵の導入前に空気乾燥した。一つは、卵が基材の端部に加えられて溶液1.0mLを投与した濾紙を、卵の下でウィックした。一つは、卵を直接スプレーした。各投与群の5つの複製及び陰性対照群の5つの複製を同時に試験した。
表10.寄生後15日間観察したトコジラミの卵の平均羽化率(%)
本実施例は、ニーム油とアセトフェノンとの組み合わせによる卵の羽化の抑制を、ニーム油単独と比較して示す。
表11.寄生後10-13日観察した実施例の組成物の連続希釈の羽化及び産卵について、対照群及びニーム油単独と比較した観察結果
本実施例は、天然油及びアセトフェノンを含む配合物の卵の羽化の抑制を示す。以下の表12に従って2.5重量%の活性油成分、5.0重量%の溶媒(乳酸エチル又はアセトフェノンのいずれか)及びキャリア希釈剤として適量の水を含む溶液を調製した。各溶液の投与群は、直径90ミリの濾紙に1.0mLの溶液を投与し、2時間空気乾燥することにより調製した。投与の2時間後に、5個のトコジラミの卵を投与した各ペトリ皿に加えた。寄生の直後及び寄生後1,2及び3週間の間隔で、シールしたペトリ皿中に存在する孵化した及び孵化していない卵の数を数え、他の投与群と比較した。前の期間と比較したときにペトリ皿中に新たに存在する全ての幼虫ごとに「孵化」として一つの卵を数えた。表12は、寄生後3週間での投与群の卵の平均羽化率(%)を比較している。上記した実施例2により得られる最大死亡率は、比較の目的で各配合物に含められている。
表12.種々の天然油を組み込んだ配合物の平均羽化率
本実施例は、ニーム油と、アルコール、ケトン、エステル及びカルボン酸を含む種々の有機溶媒とを有する配合物の乾燥残留殺虫活性を示す。5.5重量%のニーム油、表13に記載の重量%の有機溶媒及びキャリア希釈剤として適量の水を用いて溶液を調製した。各溶液の投与群は、直径90ミリの濾紙に1.0mLの溶液を投与し、4時間空気乾燥することにより調製した。投与の4時間後に、5個のトコジラミの卵を投与した各ペトリ皿に加えた。寄生の直後及び寄生後1,2及び3週間の間隔で、シールしたペトリ皿中に存在する孵化した及び孵化していない卵の数を数え、他の投与群と比較した。前の期間と比較したときにペトリ皿中に新たに存在する全ての幼虫ごとに「孵化」として一つの卵を数えた。表13は、3週間の観察間隔で投与群の卵の平均羽化率(%)を比較している。上記した実施例3により得られる最大死亡率データは、比較の目的で含められている。
表13.寄生後3週間観察したトコジラミの卵の羽化率
本実施例は、ニーム油単独又はアセトフェノン単独のノックダウン活性と比較した場合の、ニーム油又はその誘導体と、アセトフェノンとの組み合わせのトコジラミに対する殺虫ノックダウン活性を示す。6つの溶液を調製した。「溶液A」は、5.5重量%のニーム油、1.25重量%のエトキシ化キャスター油、18.25重量%のアセトフェノン及びキャリア溶媒としてのイソプロパノールを含む。「溶液B」は、5.5重量%のニーム油、1.25重量%のエトキシ化キャスター油、18.25重量%のアセトフェノン及びキャリア溶媒としての水を含む。「溶液C」は、5.5重量%のニーム油、1.25重量%のエトキシ化キャスター油及びキャリア溶媒としての水を含む。「溶液D」は、18.25重量%のアセトフェノン、1.25重量%のエトキシ化キャスター油及びキャリア溶媒としての水を含む。「溶液E」は、0.3重量%のアザジラチン、1.25重量%のエトキシ化キャスター油、18.25重量%のアセトフェノン及びキャリア溶媒としての水を含む。「溶液F」は、0.3重量%のアザジラチン、1.25重量%のエトキシ化キャスター油及びキャリア溶媒としての水を含む。成虫トコジラミを直径90ミリの濾紙を含むペトリ皿に寄生させた。トコジラミは、腹側に5マイクロリットルの各溶液を塗布することにより投与された。死亡率は、寄生後30分、及び1、2、4、6、8、10、24、100及び342時間の間隔で評価した。刺激した場合、反応しなかったトコジラミを死んだものとして数えた。成虫トコジラミの死亡率を計算し、他の全ての配合物のデータと比較した。表14は、所定間隔での各配合物の死亡率データの要約である。
表14.成虫トコジラミのノックダウンキラーとしてのニーム油及びアザジラチンの死亡率
この実施例は、天然油及び溶媒の組み合わせの、トコジラミ以外の(昆虫を含む)節足動物に対する乾燥残留殺虫活性を示す。試験した節足動物は、チャバネゴキブリ(ブラテラゲルマニカ)、クロゴキブリ(ペリプラネタフリギノサ)、ワモンゴキブリ(ペリプラネタアメリカナ)、イエユウレイグモ(cellar spider)(フォルカスファランジオデス(Pholcus phalangiodes))、ネコノミ(cat flea)(クテノケファリデスフェリス(Ctenocephalides felis))、マダニ(イクソディダエファミリ(Ixodidea family))、アカヒアリ(ソレノプシスインビクタ(Solenopsis Invicta))、シロアリ(レチクリテルメスフラビペス(Reticulitermes flavipes))、クロオオアリ(カンポノタスペンシルバニカス(Camponotus pennsylvanicus))、トビイロシロアリ(pavement ant)(テトラモリウムセスピツム(Tetramorium caespitum))、ヤマアリ(field ant)(フォーミカ種)、アメイロケアリ(moisture ant)(ラシウス種)、ヨーロッパアカヤマアリ(wood ant)(ホルミカルファ(Formica rufa))、イエバエ(house fly)(ムスカドメスチカMusca domestica)、ヒロズキンバエ(bottle fly) (ルシリアセリカタ(Lucilia sericata))、オナガシミ(giant silverfish)(クテノレピスマロンギコーダータ(Ctenolepisma longicaudata))、マダラシミ(firebrat)(テルモビアドメスティカ(Thermobia domestica))、豆アブラムシ(bean aphid)(アフィスファバエ(Aphis fabae))及びエンドウヒゲナガアブラムシ(pea aphid)(アシルソ シフォンピスム(Acyrthosiphon pisum)である。ニーム油5.5重量%、アセトフェノン15.5重量%、天然油(レモングラス油、バニリン油及びウィンターグリーン油)2.65重量%、及びエトキシル化キャスター油1.25重量%の溶液Aを、キャリア希釈剤としてのイソプロピルアルコールと組み合わせた。1.0mLの溶液をペトリ皿に収容された直径90ミリの濾紙表面に塗布した(投与群)。未投与対照群の複製を同時に試験した。投与した基材は、既知数の成虫節足動物の寄生の前に2時間空気乾燥させた。ペトリ皿には以下のスケジュールに従って寄生させた。ワモンゴキブリ及びクロゴキブリについてそれぞれ3つの成虫の3つの複製を調製した。チャバネゴキブリについてそれぞれ5つの成虫の3つの複製を調製した。イエユウレイグモについてそれぞれ1つの成虫の9つの複製を調製した。マダニ、アリ、シロアリ、ハエ、アブラムシ、セイヨウシミ、マダラシミ、及びネコノミについてそれぞれ10の成虫の3つの複製を調製した。節足動物の追加後1,4及び24時間の間隔で、間隔中に死亡した節足動物の数を観察した。成虫節足動物は、刺激によって反応しなかった場合の成虫節足動物を死んだものとしてカウントした。
表15.2時間乾燥した組成物の節足動物に対する平均死亡率
本実施例は、トコジラミの寄生の排除において認められる問題である(Romero参照)ピレスロイド殺虫剤に耐性を示すトコジラミに対する例示的な組成物の乾燥残留殺虫活性を示す。ニーム油5.5重量%、アセトフェノン15.5重量%、天然油(レモングラス油、スペアミント油、クローブ油及びウィンターグリーン油)8重量%、及びエトキシル化キャスター油5重量%の溶液を調整し、キャリア希釈剤としてのイソプロピルアルコールと組み合わせた(投与群)。ラベルで許容される最高(最強)率で希釈した4.75重量%のデルタメチリンを含む共通のピレスロイド殺虫剤Suspend(登録商標)SCの濃縮配合物を陽性対照群として用いた。ペトリ皿に収容した直径90ミリメートルの濾紙に1.0mLの各溶液を塗布し、2時間乾燥させた。投与群、陽性対照群、陰性対照群のそれぞれの5つの複製を同時に試験した。野外で収集した種族の成虫トコジラミを各投与表面に加えた。基材に寄生させた後、特定の間隔でトコジラミの死亡率を観察した。刺激によって反応しなかった場合の成虫トコジラミを死んだものとしてカウントした。
本実施例は、一実施形態の例示的な組成物の忌避特性示す。成虫した昆虫、若虫及びこれらの卵が単に分散することよりも、死滅又は寿命の破壊による殺虫作用を有することが所望される場合には、利用される組成物の忌避特性は、いくつかの実施形態では、低減又は最小化されうる。
表16.平均忌避データ
本実施例は、種々の表面における例示的な実施形態の組成物の殺虫活性を示す。特に、実施例は、トコジラミが生息する、巣を作る及び室内で繁殖ことが知られている種々の基材における例示的な配合物の乾燥残留物の殺虫活性を示す。ニーム油5.5重量%、アセトフェノン15.5重量%、天然油(レモングラス油、スペアミント油、クローブ油及びウィンターグリーン油)8重量%、及びエトキシル化キャスター油5重量%の溶液を調整し、キャリア希釈剤としてのイソプロピルアルコールと組み合わせた。塗装した合板、100%綿布、マットレススワッチ、ベルベルカーペットの4つの基材を準備した(投与領域を逃れるために試験するトコジラミがカーペットの下から登ることを抑制するためにペトリ皿にくっつけた)。各基材の各投与群について5つの複製を構成し、未投与対照群について5つの複製を構成した。1.0mLの配合物を各投与群に塗布し、2時間乾燥させた。成虫のトコジラミを投与後2時間で寄生させた。寄生直後並びに寄生後1、4、8、12、24及び72時間の間隔で死亡率についてトコジラミを観察した。刺激によって反応しなかった場合のトコジラミを死んだものとしてカウントした。
表17.種々の基板における投与後のトコジラミの平均死亡率
本実施例は、極性芳香族溶媒としてアセトフェノンを有する種々の殺虫性天然油(オレガノ、クローブ及びシナモン油)を備える配合物の乾燥残留殺虫活性を示す。本実施例は、極性芳香族溶媒としてアセトフェノンを有する種々の殺虫性天然油(オレガノ、クローブ及びシナモン油)を備える配合物の乾燥残留殺虫活性を示す。溶液は、5.5重量%のニーム油、表18に示す重量%のアセトフェノン、及びキャリア希釈液としての適量のイソプロパノールにより調製した。溶媒の重量での割合は、最終的な濃度が1.5mol/kgであった。また、(キャリア希釈液としての適量のイソプロパノールを有する5.5重量%の)各天然油単独のもの、及び(キャリア希釈液としての適量のイソプロパノールを有する表18に示す重量%の)アセトフェノン単独の溶液をそれぞれ調製した。各溶液の投与群は、直径90ミリの濾紙に1.0mLの溶液を投与し、4時間空気乾燥することにより調製した。既知数の成虫(通常は10)を、処理後4時間で、投与したペトリ皿に加えた。トコジラミの死亡率は、寄生後直ちに及び寄生後1時間、2時間、4時間、6時間、8時間、10時間、12時間及び24時間の間隔で、その後は24時間間隔で寄生後14日まで評価した。刺激によって反応しなかった場合の成虫トコジラミを死んだものとしてカウントした。表18は、全ての投与群の最大死亡率%及び最大死亡率の到達に要した時間を示す。殺虫性天然油及びアセトフェノンの組み合わせは、殺虫性天然油又はアセトフェノン単独のそれぞれよりもより効果的であった。
表18.種々の油の単独又はアセトフェノンとの組み合わせの最大死亡率%
本実施例は、極性芳香族溶媒としてのアセトフェノンと殺虫性天然油(タイム油、ガーリック油及びニーム油)をさらに備える配合物の乾燥残留殺虫活性を示す。溶液は、5.5重量%のニーム油、重量で表19に示す%の有機溶媒、及びキャリア希釈液としての適量のイソプロパノールにより調製した。溶媒は、最終的な濃度が1.5mol/kgとなるように加えられた。溶液としてまた、各天然油単独(重量で5.5%でありキャリア希釈液としての適量のイソプロパノールを有する)のもの、及び極性芳香族溶媒単独のもの(重量で表19に示す%でありキャリア希釈液としての適量のイソプロパノールを有する)を調製した。各溶液の投与群は、直径90ミリの濾紙に1.0mLの溶液を投与し、4時間空気乾燥することにより調製した。既知数の成虫(通常は10)を、投与後4時間で、投与した各ペトリ皿に加えた。トコジラミの死亡率は、寄生直後及び寄生後1時間、2時間、4時間、6時間、8時間、10時間、12時間及び24時間の間隔で、その後は24時間間隔で寄生後14日まで評価した。刺激によって反応しなかった場合の成虫トコジラミを死んだものとしてカウントした。表19は、全ての投与群の最大死亡率%及び最大死亡率の到達に要した時間を示す。殺虫性天然油及びアセトフェノンの組み合わせは、殺虫性天然油又はアセトフェノン単独のそれぞれよりもより効果的であった。
表19.各種油の単独又はアセトフェノンとの組み合わせの最大死亡率
[参考文献]
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Claims (15)
- 殺虫性天然油と、極性芳香族溶媒とを含み、
前記殺虫性天然油は、ニーム油、シナモン油、クローブ油、オイゲノール、オレガノ油、タイム油、ガーリック油、アニス油、ゼラニウム油、ライム油、ペパーミント油、又はラベンダー油の1又は複数を含み、
前記極性芳香族溶媒は、アリールケトンを含む、有害生物防除用殺虫性組成物。 - 前記極性芳香族溶媒は、アリール-アルキルケトン、及びアリール-アリールケトンからなる群より選択される請求項1の組成物。
- 前記極性芳香族溶媒は、一般式
(式中、R1は、
- 前記極性芳香族溶媒は、アセトフェノン、4'-メチルアセトフェノン、2',4'-ジメチルアセトフェノン、3',4'-ジメチルアセトフェノン、プロピオフェノン、4'-メチルプロピオフェノン、ブチロフェノン、イソブチロフェノン、バレロフェノン、4'-ヒドロキシバレロフェノン、ヘキサノフェノン、2,2'-4,4'-テトラヒドロキシベンゾフェノン、シクロヘキシルフェニルケトン、4'-ヒドロキシアセトフェノン、又は、2'-ヒドロキシアセトフェノンを含む請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記殺虫性天然油は、ニーム油、オレガノ油、クローブ油、シナモン油、タイム油、またはガーリック油の1又は複数を含む請求項1ないし4のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 前記極性芳香族溶媒は、アセトフェノン、4'-メチルアセトフェノン、2',4'-ジメチルアセトフェノン、3',4'-ジメチルアセトフェノン、プロピオフェノン、4'-メチルプロピオフェノン、ブチロフェノン、イソブチロフェノン、バレロフェノン、ヘキサノフェノン、又は、2,2'-4,4'-テトラヒドロキシベンゾフェノンを含む請求項1または4に記載の組成物。
- 前記殺虫性天然油は、シナモン油、クローブ油、オイゲノール、オレガノ油、タイム油、ガーリック油、アニス油、ゼラニウム油、ライム油、ペパーミント油、又はラベンダー油の1又は複数を含み、
前記極性芳香族溶媒は、アセトフェノンを含む請求項1に記載の組成物。 - 前記殺虫性天然油は、ニーム油であり、
前記極性芳香族溶媒は、アセトフェノンである請求項1に記載の組成物。 - 前記極性芳香族溶媒は、2,2'-4,4'-テトラヒドロキシベンゾフェノンを含む請求項1に記載の組成物。
- ウィンターグリーン油又はレモングラス油をさらに含む請求項1ないし9のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 節足動物及び/又はその卵を請求項1ないし10のいずれか1項に記載の殺虫性組成物に曝露することを含む、節足動物を防除する方法。
- 前記節足動物は、昆虫、クモ、又は、ムカデを含む請求項11の方法。
- 前記節足動物は、トコジラミ、イエユウレイグモ、ネコノミ、ダニ、ヒアリ、シロアリ、トビイロシロアリ、ヤマアリ、アメイロケアリ、ヨーロッパアカヤマアリ、マダラシミ、
コヌカアリ、オオアリ、ファラオアリ、アルゼンチンアリ、蚊、ワラジムシ、ダンゴムシ、ムカデ、クモ、セイヨウシミ、サソリ、ゴキブリ、コナジラミ、ハエ、アブラムシ、疥癬、シラミ、カメムシ、蛾、カブトムシ、グンバイムシ、ミカンキイロアザミウマ、リーフマイナー、バッタ、コロギ、イナゴ、ヨコバイ、ウンカ、オオヨコバイ、カイガラムシ、ユスリカ、イヤーワーム、蛾の幼虫、ヨトウムシ、アオムシ、イモムシ、ナガカメムシ、コナマイガラムシ、ゾウムシ、ウマバエ、ライスバグ、コーヒーバグ、ベジタブルバグ、マツマダラメイガ又はダニを含む請求項11に記載の方法。 - 請求項1ないし10のいずれか1項に記載の組成物に節足動物の卵を曝露することを含む節足動物の卵の羽化を抑制する方法。
- 前記節足動物は、トコジラミを含む、請求項11または請求項14に記載の方法。
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CN103974621B (zh) | 2018-05-22 |
CA2849270A1 (en) | 2013-04-11 |
ES2952649T3 (es) | 2023-11-02 |
WO2013050967A1 (en) | 2013-04-11 |
AU2019208194A1 (en) | 2019-08-08 |
CN108633932A (zh) | 2018-10-12 |
CN103974621A (zh) | 2014-08-06 |
US20140242199A1 (en) | 2014-08-28 |
EP2763541A1 (en) | 2014-08-13 |
JP6517269B2 (ja) | 2019-05-22 |
AU2012320093A1 (en) | 2014-04-17 |
AU2017245272A1 (en) | 2017-11-02 |
AU2019208194B2 (en) | 2021-03-11 |
ZA201401801B (en) | 2015-01-28 |
JP2014534184A (ja) | 2014-12-18 |
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AU2012320093B2 (en) | 2017-07-13 |
US10791744B2 (en) | 2020-10-06 |
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