JP6057255B2 - 反射型調光素子。 - Google Patents
反射型調光素子。 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6057255B2 JP6057255B2 JP2013089550A JP2013089550A JP6057255B2 JP 6057255 B2 JP6057255 B2 JP 6057255B2 JP 2013089550 A JP2013089550 A JP 2013089550A JP 2013089550 A JP2013089550 A JP 2013089550A JP 6057255 B2 JP6057255 B2 JP 6057255B2
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- Prior art keywords
- layer
- light control
- oxidation
- thin film
- reflective
- Prior art date
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- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 261
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 261
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 192
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 180
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims description 172
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 146
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 132
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 132
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 126
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 119
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 101
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 101
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 91
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910000542 Sc alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- BBYGMOCGCCTLIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sc].[Mg] Chemical group [Sc].[Mg] BBYGMOCGCCTLIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000449 hafnium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Hf+4] WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium pentoxide Inorganic materials O=[Nb](=O)O[Nb](=O)=O ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- PBCFLUZVCVVTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum pentoxide Inorganic materials O=[Ta](=O)O[Ta](=O)=O PBCFLUZVCVVTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 551
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 237
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 152
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 96
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 79
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 75
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 70
- 229910000946 Y alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 65
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 55
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 46
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 42
- MIOQWPPQVGUZFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium yttrium Chemical compound [Mg].[Y] MIOQWPPQVGUZFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 41
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 41
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 36
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 19
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 19
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 17
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 13
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000411 transmission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000006388 chemical passivation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000851 scanning transmission electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 Mg-Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- YHUTUZPIXOIJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Y].[Sc].[Mg] Chemical compound [Y].[Sc].[Mg] YHUTUZPIXOIJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005094 computer simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005566 electron beam evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000313 electron-beam-induced deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019089 Mg-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019083 Mg-Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019403 Mg—Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001252 Pd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003667 anti-reflective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/1514—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material
- G02F1/1523—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material comprising inorganic material
- G02F1/1524—Transition metal compounds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/19—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on variable-reflection or variable-refraction elements not provided for in groups G02F1/015 - G02F1/169
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/1514—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material
- G02F1/1523—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material comprising inorganic material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
- E06B2009/2464—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds featuring transparency control by applying voltage, e.g. LCD, electrochromic panels
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/153—Constructional details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/153—Constructional details
- G02F1/157—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. reflectors or illuminating devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/153—Constructional details
- G02F1/1533—Constructional details structural features not otherwise provided for
- G02F2001/1536—Constructional details structural features not otherwise provided for additional, e.g. protective, layer inside the cell
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
- G02F2201/34—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 reflector
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
- G02F2201/38—Anti-reflection arrangements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
- G02F2201/50—Protective arrangements
- G02F2201/501—Blocking layers, e.g. against migration of ions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
- G02F2202/34—Metal hydrides materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
- G02F2203/02—Function characteristic reflective
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Description
1)電流・電圧の印加により可逆的に光透過率の変化するエレクトロクロミック材料
2)温度により光透過率が変化するサーモクロミック材料
3)雰囲気ガスの制御により光透過率が変化するガスクロミック材料
この中でも、調光層に酸化タングステン薄膜を用いたエレクトロクロミック調光ガラスの研究が最も進んでおり、現在、ほぼ実用化段階に達しており、市販品も出されている。
[第1の実施形態]
本実施形態では、本発明の反射型調光素子について説明する。
[第2の実施形態]
本実施形態では、第1の実施形態で説明した反射型調光素子において、酸化抑制部30として、酸素低透過性酸化抑制層及び透過率可変酸化抑制層の2種類の酸化抑制層を設けた反射型調光素子について説明する。
[第3の実施形態]
本実施の形態では、第1の実施形態、第2の実施形態で説明した反射型調光素子に反射防止層を備えた反射型調光素子について説明する。
[第4の実施形態]
本実施の形態では、第1の実施形態、第2の実施形態及び第3の実施形態で説明した反射型調光素子に透明部材を備えた反射型調光部材について説明する。
[第5の実施形態]
本実施形態では、第1の実施形態、第2の実施形態及び第3の実施形態で説明した反射型調光素子を備える複層ガラスについて説明する。
[実施例1]
本実施例では、酸化抑制部としてタングステン薄膜の酸素低透過性酸化抑制層を有する反射型調光部材について検討を行った。
[比較例1]
本比較例においては、酸化抑制部の効果を確認するため、酸化抑制部を有しない反射型調光部材を作製した。すなわち、マグネシウム・イットリウム合金からなる調光層と触媒層を積層した反射型調光部材を作製した。
[比較例2]
本比較例においては、触媒層の膜厚の影響を調べるため、比較例1より厚く、実施例1と同じ厚さの触媒層を持つ反射型調光部材を作製した。すなわち、マグネシウム・イットリウム合金からなる調光層と厚さが3.8nmの触媒層を積層した反射型調光部材を作製した。
[比較例3]
本比較例においては、触媒層の膜厚の影響を調べるため、比較例2よりさらに厚い触媒層を持つ反射型調光部材を作製した。すなわち、マグネシウム・イットリウム合金からなる調光層と厚さが7.5nmの触媒層を積層した反射型調光部材を作製した。
[実施例2]
本実施例では、酸化抑制部としてタンタル薄膜の酸素低透過性酸化抑制層を有する反射型調光部材について検討を行った。
[実施例3]
本実施例では、酸化抑制部としてスカンジウム薄膜の透過率可変酸化抑制層を有する反射型調光部材について検討を行った。
[実施例4]
本実施例では、透明部材であるガラス基板上に、マグネシウム・イットリウム合金からなる調光層と酸素低透過性酸化抑制層と透過率可変酸化抑制層と触媒層を順次積層した反射型調光部材を作製し、その評価を行った。
[実施例5]
本実施例においては、実施例4について、透過率可変酸化抑制層と酸素低透過性酸化抑制層の積層順番を入れ替えた反射型調光部材について検討を行った。すなわち、透明部材であるガラス基板上にマグネシウム・イットリウム合金からなる調光層、透過率可変酸化抑制層、酸素低透過性酸化抑制層、触媒層の順番に積層した反射型調光部材を作製した。
[実施例6]
本実施例では、透明部材であるガラス基板上に、マグネシウム・イットリウム・スカンジウム合金からなる調光層10とスカンジウムからなる透過率可変酸化抑制層34とタンタルからなる酸素低透過性酸化抑制層32とパラジウムからなる触媒層20を順次積層した反射型調光部材を作製し、その評価を行った。
最後に、同じ真空条件で、金属パラジウムのターゲットに30Wのパワーを加えてパラジウム薄膜の蒸着を行った。
[実施例7]
本実施例では、透明部材であるガラス基板上に、マグネシウム・イットリウム・スカンジウム合金からなる調光層10とマグネシウム・スカンジウム合金からなる透過率可変酸化抑制層34とタンタルからなる酸素低透過性酸化抑制層32とパラジウムからなる触媒層20を順次積層した反射型調光部材を作製し、その評価を行った。
最後に、同じ真空条件で、金属パラジウムのターゲットに30Wのパワーを加えてパラジウム薄膜の蒸着を行った。
[実施例8]
本実施例では、透明状態における可視光透過率を増加させるために適した反射防止層の屈折率及び当該層の膜厚について検討を行った。
[実施例9]
本実施例では、透明状態における可視光透過率を増加させるために適した調光層の膜厚について検討を行った。
[実施例10]
本実施例では、実施例8及び実施例9のシミュレーション結果の妥当性について検討を行った。
[実施例11]
本実施例では、酸化抑制部としてタンタルの一部を酸化させた薄膜の酸素低透過性酸化抑制層を有し、さらに反射防止層を有する反射型調光部材について検討を行った。
20 触媒層
30 酸化抑制部
32 酸素低透過性酸化抑制層
34 透過率可変酸化抑制層
40 透明部材
45 反射防止層
Claims (13)
- 水素化による透明状態と脱水素化による反射状態との間で状態が可逆的に変化する調光層と、
前記調光層における水素化、脱水素化を促進する触媒層と、
前記調光層と前記触媒層との間に配置され、前記触媒層を透過する酸素による前記調光層の酸化を抑制する酸化抑制部と、を備えることを特徴とする反射型調光素子。 - 前記酸化抑制部は、
水素透過性を有し、酸素の透過を抑制することで前記調光層の酸化を抑制する酸素低透過性酸化抑制層と、
水素透過性を有し、酸素と反応することで前記調光層の酸化を抑制し、さらに水素化により透過率が変化する透過率可変酸化抑制層と、
水素透過性を有し、酸素の透過を抑制することで前記調光層の酸化を抑制する部分、及び、酸素と反応することにより前記調光層の酸化を抑制し、さらに水素化により透過率が変化する部分を有する混合型酸化抑制層と、
から選択される少なくとも1種の酸化抑制層を備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の反射型調光素子。 - 前記酸化抑制部は、前記酸素低透過性酸化抑制層と、前記透過率可変酸化抑制層と、を備えており、
前記酸化抑制部において、
前記酸素低透過性酸化抑制層よりも前記調光層側に前記透過率可変酸化抑制層を備えることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の反射型調光素子。 - 前記酸素低透過性酸化抑制層は、
タングステン、タンタル、ハフニウムから選択される少なくとも1種の金属もしくは前記金属を含む合金、および/または、前記金属もしくは前記合金の酸化物、を含む薄膜であることを特徴とする請求項2または3に記載の反射型調光素子。 - 前記透過率可変酸化抑制層は、
スカンジウムもしくはマグネシウム・スカンジウム合金、および/または、スカンジウムもしくはマグネシウム・スカンジウム合金の水素化物、を含む薄膜であることを特徴とする請求項2乃至4いずれか一項に記載の反射型調光素子。 - 前記マグネシウム・スカンジウム合金の組成がMg1−xScx(0.4≦x<1)である請求項5に記載の反射型調光素子。
- 前記酸化抑制部が備える前記酸化抑制層は、1層あたりの厚さが10nm以下である、請求項2乃至6いずれか一項に記載の反射型調光素子。
- 前記触媒層を基準として、前記酸化抑制部とは反対側に反射防止層を備える請求項1乃至7いずれか一項に記載の反射型調光素子。
- 前記反射防止層の屈折率が、1.3以上3.4以下である請求項8に記載の反射型調光素子。
- 前記反射防止層の膜厚が、25nm以上125nm以下である請求項8または9に記載の反射型調光素子。
- 前記反射防止層は、金属酸化物および/またはポリマーを含む請求項8乃至10いずれか一項に記載の反射型調光素子。
- 前記金属酸化物が、酸化セリウム、酸化ハフニウム、五酸化ニオブ、五酸化タンタル、二酸化チタン、酸化タングステン、酸化イットリウム、酸化亜鉛、酸化ジルコニウムから選択された少なくとも1種である請求項11に記載の反射型調光素子。
- 前記ポリマーがフッ素樹脂である請求項11または12に記載の反射型調光素子。
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CN104412154A (zh) | 2015-03-11 |
WO2013191085A1 (ja) | 2013-12-27 |
KR101636956B1 (ko) | 2016-07-07 |
ES2578027T3 (es) | 2016-07-20 |
US20150168801A1 (en) | 2015-06-18 |
KR20150013849A (ko) | 2015-02-05 |
JP2014026262A (ja) | 2014-02-06 |
EP2866085A1 (en) | 2015-04-29 |
EP2866085A4 (en) | 2015-06-24 |
US9383624B2 (en) | 2016-07-05 |
CN104412154B (zh) | 2017-08-25 |
EP2866085B1 (en) | 2016-03-30 |
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