JP5991966B2 - pH応答性ペプチドを含むナノ粒子 - Google Patents
pH応答性ペプチドを含むナノ粒子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5991966B2 JP5991966B2 JP2013512364A JP2013512364A JP5991966B2 JP 5991966 B2 JP5991966 B2 JP 5991966B2 JP 2013512364 A JP2013512364 A JP 2013512364A JP 2013512364 A JP2013512364 A JP 2013512364A JP 5991966 B2 JP5991966 B2 JP 5991966B2
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Description
(1)ペプチドと粒子形成成分を含むナノ粒子であって、前記粒子形成成分がリポソーム又はミセルを形成し、前記ペプチドにおいてその配列中にHis(ヒスチジン)で始まり酸性アミノ酸で終わるユニットを2〜8個有し(各ユニットは同一であっても異なっていてもよい)、ナノ粒子。
(2)前記ユニットにおいて、Hisと酸性アミノ酸の間に2〜5個のアミノ酸を有する、(1)に記載のナノ粒子。
(3)前記ユニットにおいて、Hisと酸性アミノ酸の間に3個のアミノ酸を有する、(1)又は(2)に記載のナノ粒子。
(4)前記Hisと酸性アミノ酸の間に配列されるアミノ酸がGly、Ala、His、Leu、Ile、Val、Phe、Tyr、Trp、Cys、Met、Ser、Thr、Gln又はAsnから選択される任意のアミノ酸である(2)又は(3)に記載のナノ粒子。
(5)前記Hisと酸性アミノ酸の間に配列されるアミノ酸がGly、Ala、His、Cys又はSerから選択される任意のアミノ酸である(4)に記載のナノ粒子。
(6)前記ペプチドが、下記式(I)
His−(AA1)(AA2)(AA3)−Glu/Asp (I)
(式中、Hisはヒスチジンを表し、Glu/Aspはグルタミン酸又はアスパラギン酸を示す。AA1、AA2及びAA3は、同一又は異なって、それぞれGly、Ala、His、Leu、Ile、Val、Phe、Tyr、Trp、Cys、Met、Ser、Thr、Gln又はAsnを示す。)
で表されるユニットを2〜8個含み、各ユニットのアミノ酸配列は同一であっても異なっていてもよい、(1)〜(5)のいずれかに記載のナノ粒子。
(7)前記ペプチドが、配列番号1〜3のいずれかに記載のペプチド配列を有することを特徴とする、(6)記載のナノ粒子。
(8)前記ペプチドが、リポソーム又はミセルに保持されるための疎水性基を末端に有する、(1)〜(7)のいずれかに記載のナノ粒子。
(9)前記疎水性基が、炭素数12〜24の炭化水素基又はアシル基である、(8)に記載のナノ粒子。
(10)前記粒子形成成分がリン脂質を含む、(1)〜(9)のいずれかに記載のナノ粒子。
(11)前記粒子形成成分がリポソームを形成してなる、(1)〜(10)のいずれかに記載のナノ粒子。
(12)前記ナノ粒子に保持される目的物質が、薬物、核酸、ペプチド、タンパク質、糖又はこれらの複合体よりなる群から選ばれる一種以上である、(1)〜(11)のいずれかに記載のナノ粒子。
(13)(1)〜(12)のいずれかに記載のナノ粒子を含む物質導入剤。
(14)下記一般式(II)
R1−(Z1)l−[His−(AA1)(AA2)(AA3)−Glu/Asp]n−(Z2)m−R2 (II)
(式中、Hisはヒスチジンを表し、Glu/Aspはグルタミン酸又はアスパラギン酸を示す。AA1、AA2及びAA3は、同一又は異なって、それぞれGly、Ala、His、Leu、Ile、Val、Phe、Tyr、Trp、Cys、Met、Ser、Thr、Gln又はAsnを示す。nは2〜8の整数を示す。l、mは同一又は異なって0または1を示す。R1は炭素数12〜24の炭化水素基又はアシル基を示す。R2はOHまたはC末端保護基を示す。Z1又はZ2はGly、Ala、Leu、Ile、Val、Phe、Tyr、Trp、Cys、Met、Ser、Thr、Gln、Asnのいずれかのアミノ酸から構成され、アミノ酸の数が1〜8個であるリンカーを示す。)
で表され、アミノ酸の総数が10〜60個である、ペプチド化合物。
(15)一般式(II)で表されるペプチド化合物におけるペプチドが、配列番号1〜3のいずれかに記載のペプチド配列を有することを特徴とする、(14)記載のペプチド化合物。
(16)R1が、炭素数12〜24のアシル基である、(14)または(15)に記載のペプチド化合物。
His−(AA1)(AA2)(AA3)−Glu/Asp (I)
(式中、Hisはヒスチジンを表し、Glu/Aspはグルタミン酸又はアスパラギン酸を示す。AA1、AA2及びAA3は、それぞれGly、Ala、His、Leu、Ile、Val、Phe、Tyr、Trp、Cys、Met、Ser、Thr、Gln又はAsnを示す。)で表されるユニットを2〜8個、好ましくは2〜6個、より好ましくは2〜4個含むものである。
R1−(Z1)l−[His−(AA1)(AA2)(AA3)−Glu/Asp]n−(Z2)m−R2 (II)
[(式中、Hisはヒスチジンを表し、Glu/Aspはグルタミン酸又はアスパラギン酸を示す。AA1、AA2及びAA3は、同一又は異なって、それぞれGly、Ala、His、Leu、Ile、Val、Phe、Tyr、Trp、Cys、Met、Ser、Thr、Gln又はAsnを示す。nは2〜8の整数を示す。l、mは同一又は異なって0または1を示す。R1は炭素数12〜24の炭化水素基又はアシル基を示す。R2はOHまたはC末端保護基を示す。Z1又はZ2はGly、Ala、Leu、Ile、Val、Phe、Tyr、Trp、Cys、Met、Ser、Thr、Gln、Asnのいずれかのアミノ酸から構成され、アミノ酸の数が1〜8個であるリンカーを示す。)で表され、アミノ酸の総数が10〜60個である。]
上記式(II)において示される炭化水素基、アシル基、C末端保護基としては、上述のものが挙げられる。
化合物1:C17H35-C(O)-GGGGHGAHEHAGHEHAAGEHHAHE-NH2
Rink amide resin(0.67mMol/g)をスタートとし、0.1mMもしくは0.03mMスケールで、アミノ酸、縮合剤(HBTU/HOBt)、反応促進剤(DIEA)をそれぞれレジンに対して4当量使用してFmoc固相合成法にて配列番号1のペプチド(C末端はCONH2)の合成を実施した。ステアリン酸(M.W.284.48)、縮合剤(HBTU/HOBt)、反応促進剤(DIEA)をレジンの4倍当量加えて活性化をし、アミノ酸の伸長が終了しN末端のみがフリーになった状態のレジンに加え、室温、Overnightで反応させた(HBTU:M.W.379.2、HOBt,Anhydrous:M.W.135.1、DIEA:M.W.129.2)。反応後にレジンにTFA(トリフルオロ酢酸)カクテル溶液(125ml TFA, 0.25ml H2O, 0.375gフェノール,0.125mlエタンジチオール及び0.25mlチオアニソール)を加えて氷冷下15分、室温2時間反応させてクルードペプチドを得た。HPLCにて精製作業を実施し、凍結乾燥した。純度の検定はHPLC及びMALDI−TOF−MSにて実施した。下記HPLC条件で分析を実施し、単一ピークとして目的物を得た(保持時間15.1分)。A Buffer:0.1%TFA/H2O、B Buffer:0.1%TFA/アセトニトリル Column:SunFire C18 Column, 5μm, 4.6x150mm Flow rate:1ml/min Wavelength:220nm。MALDI−TOF−MSは、Applied Biosystems Voyager Systemを用いた。分子量の計算値:2651.8、実測値:2651.73。HPLC及びMALDI−TOF−MSの結果を図1に示す。
合成スケール:0.1mMスケール(分子量 2651.8)使用したレジン量 159.8mg。このレジンを使用してできるペプチドの理論値 283.9mg。実際に取れたクルード量183.1mg(収率64.5%)。
化合物2:C17H35-C(O)-GGGGHGAHEHAGHEHAAGEH-NH2
製造例1と同様の手法により合成し、目的ペプチドを得た。目的ペプチドは、N末端にステアロイル基(ステアリン酸アミド)を有し、C末端はCONH2であり、アミノ酸配列は配列番号2で表されるペプチドである。目的のステアロイル化ペプチドの分子量の計算値:2177.3、実測値:2177.9。HPLC及びMALDI−TOF−MSの結果を図2に示す。
合成スケール: 0.03mMスケール(分子量 2177.3)、使用したレジンの量 61.2mg。このレジンを使用してできるペプチドの理論値 89.3mg、実際に取れたクルード量 28.3mg(収率31.7%)。
化合物3:C17H35-C(O)-GGGGHGAHEHAGHEHA-NH2
製造例1と同様の手法により合成し、目的ペプチドを得た。目的ペプチドは、N末端にステアロイル基(ステアリン酸アミド)を有し、C末端はCONH2であり、アミノ酸配列は配列番号3で表されるペプチドである。目的のステアロイル化ペプチドの分子量の計算値:1782.9、実測値:1782.4。HPLC及びMALDI−TOF−MSの結果を図3に示す。
合成スケール:0.03mMスケール(分子量1782.9)、使用したレジンの量67.0mg。このレジンを使用してできるペプチドの理論値80.0mg、実際に取れたクルード量51.4mg(収率64.3%)。
化合物4:C17H35-C(O)-GGGGHGEAHHAEGHHAEAHHGEAH-NH2
製造例1と同様の手法により合成し、目的ペプチドを得た。目的ペプチドは、N末端にステアロイル基(ステアリン酸アミド)を有し、C末端はCONH2であり、アミノ酸配列は配列番号4で表されるペプチドである。目的のステアロイル化ペプチドの分子量の計算値:2651.8、実測値:2651.0。HPLC及びMALDI−TOF−MSの結果を図4に示す。
合成スケール:0.03mMスケール(分子量 2651.8)、使用したレジンの量 45.3mg。このレジンを使用してできるペプチドの理論値 80.5mg、実際に取れたクルード量 31.0mg(収率38.5%)。
(1)リポソームの調製は、卵黄ホスファチジルコリン(EPC):ジオレオイルテトラアンモニウムプロパン(DOTAP)=8:1(mol比)の割合で混合した脂質エタノール溶液を試験管に分注し、さらにクロロフォルムを等量混合したものに、窒素ガスを吹き付けて蒸発乾固させることで脂質薄膜を調製した。pH7.4の緩衝液を添加し、10分間室温条件で十分に水和させた。水和後、水槽型超音波装置を用いて試験管を超音波処理することでリポソームを調製した(脂質濃度10mM)。得られたリポソーム懸濁液に、製造例1で得られたペプチド(化合物1)を総脂質量の5mol%量を添加し、インキュベートすることで、静電的相互作用によって脂質膜表面に結合し、当該ペプチドのステアリル基が膜脂質の疎水領域に移行する(刺さりこむ)ことで当該ペプチドによりリポソーム表面が修飾されたリポソーム1を調製した。
蛍光色素で標識化された脂質(ローダミン標識化ジオレオイルホスファチジルエタノールアミン)を脂質溶液に脂質量の1mol%添加しておき、実施例1における調製方法で当該リポソームを調製した。調製した当該リポソームを、異なるpH(5.5、6.0、6.5、7.4)の培養液を満たした培養したマウス黒色腫細胞(B16F1株)に添加し、37℃で1時間インキュベートした後、培養上清を除去した細胞をトリプシン処理することで剥がしとり、細胞中の蛍光色素量(取り込まれたリポソーム量)をフローサイトメーター(FACS caliber flow cytometer)によって測定した。結果を図5に示す。
pH7.4の場合、未処理細胞(リポソーム非添加)と細胞へのリポソーム取り込み量にほとんど差は認められなかった。一方、pH6.5〜pH5.5の場合、当該リポソームは非常に多く取り込まれた。すなわち、pHの微小な変化(pH7.4→pH6.5)によって、当該リポソームの取り込みが著しく上昇した。
実施例2と同様に、蛍光標識化した当該リポソーム(赤色)を、異なるpH(5.5、6.0、6.5、7.4)の培養液を満たした培養したマウス黒色腫細胞(B16F1株)に添加し、37℃で1時間インキュベートした後、核をHoechst33342で青色に、エンドソーム/ライソソームをLysotrackerGreenで緑色に染色し、共焦点レーザー顕微鏡(Zeiss LSM 510 META)により観察した。結果を図7に示す。
B16F1細胞を皮下に移植して形成した腫瘍の大きさが100mm3にまで成長した担ガンヘアレスマウスに、蛍光色素CellTracker CM−DiI(赤色)を脂質量の0.5%含有させた当該リポソーム(脂質濃度10mM)、あるいはコントロールとして、同様にCellTracker CM−DiIを脂質量の0.5%含有させたポリエチレングリコール(PEG)修飾リポソーム(脂質組成は、EPC:コレステロール:PEG2000修飾ジステアロイルホスファチジルエタノールアミン=1.85:1:0.15、脂質濃度10mM)を0.2ml尾静脈投与した後、腫瘍を摘出し、凍結切片を作成した。得られた凍結切片を4%パラホルムアルデヒドで処理することで組織固定した後、抗CD31抗体(血管内皮細胞のマーカータンパク質に対する抗体)を一次抗体として処理し、その後に、蛍光色素Alexa488(緑色)標識化抗体を二次抗体として追加処理することで、固定組織の免疫染色を行った。さらに、同じ固定組織を核染色色素DAPIを含有したVECTASHILDで包埋した。得られた包埋固定組織を共焦点レーザー顕微鏡で観察した。結果を図8に示す。
製造例1で得られたペプチド単独および実施例1に準じて得られたリポソーム1(それぞれペプチド濃度にして20μM)を異なるpHのPBS(−)に懸濁し、J−720WI(日本分光(株)社製)を用いてCD(円偏光二色性)スペクトルを測定した。さらに、解析ソフト(JWSSE−480;Molecular Membrane Biology,July August 2007;24(4):282〜293参照)を用いて、スペクトルにおける2次構造の組成を予測した。結果を図9に示す。
(1)実施例1と同様の調製方法で、EPC:DOTAP=8:1(mol比)リポソーム懸濁液に、製造例2〜4のいずれかのステアリル化ペプチドを添加し、インキュベートすることで、各種ペプチドによりリポソーム表面が修飾された各種ペプチド修飾リポソーム2〜4を調製した。
(2)異なるpHの緩衝液で希釈懸濁した各種ペプチド修飾リポソームの粒子径(size)と表面電位(ζpotential)をマルバーン社製ゼータサイザーナノにより測定した。
(3)実施例1と同様の方法により、製造例1のペプチドより4残基短い製造例2のペプチドを脂質量の5mol%、6mol%、7mol%修飾したリポソーム2a、2b、2cを調製し、表面電位を測定した。結果、いずれのリポソームもリポソーム1と同様の傾向を示した(表3)。
(4)さらに、実施例1と同様の方法により、製造例1のペプチドより8残基短くした製造例3のペプチドを脂質量の5mol%、7.5mol%、10mol%修飾したリポソーム3a、3b、3cを調製し、表面電位を評価した(表4)。
Claims (11)
- ペプチドと粒子形成成分を含むナノ粒子であって、前記粒子形成成分がリポソーム又はミセルを形成し、前記ペプチドが、下記式(I)
His−(AA 1 )(AA 2 )(AA 3 )−Glu/Asp (I)
(式中、Hisはヒスチジンを表し、Glu/Aspはグルタミン酸又はアスパラギン酸を示す。AA 1 、AA 2 及びAA 3 は、同一又は異なって、それぞれGly、Ala又はHisを示す。)
で表されるユニットを2〜8個含み、各ユニットのアミノ酸配列は同一であっても異なっていてもよい、ナノ粒子であってpH7.4からpH6.0への変化により細胞取り込みが増大する、ナノ粒子。 - ペプチドと粒子形成成分を含むナノ粒子であって、前記粒子形成成分がリポソーム又はミセルを形成し、前記ペプチドが、下記式(I)
His−(AA 1 )(AA 2 )(AA 3 )−Glu/Asp (I)
(式中、Hisはヒスチジンを表し、Glu/Aspはグルタミン酸又はアスパラギン酸を示す。AA 1 、AA 2 及びAA 3 は、同一又は異なって、それぞれGly、Ala又はHisを示す。)
で表されるユニットを2〜8個含み、各ユニットのアミノ酸配列は同一であっても異なっていてもよい、ナノ粒子であってpH7.4からpH6.5への変化により細胞取り込みが増大する、ナノ粒子。 - 前記ペプチドが、配列番号1〜3のいずれかに記載のペプチド配列を有することを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載のナノ粒子。
- 前記ペプチドが、リポソーム又はミセルに保持されるための疎水性基を末端に有する、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のナノ粒子。
- 前記疎水性基が、炭素数12〜24の炭化水素基又はアシル基である、請求項4に記載のナノ粒子。
- 前記粒子形成成分がリン脂質を含む、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載のナノ粒子。
- 前記粒子形成成分がリポソームを形成してなる、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載のナノ粒子。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載のナノ粒子を含む物質導入剤。
- 下記一般式(II)
R1−(Z1)l−[His−(AA1)(AA2)(AA3)−Glu/Asp]n−(Z2)m−R2 (II)
(式中、Hisはヒスチジンを表し、Glu/Aspはグルタミン酸又はアスパラギン酸を示す。AA1、AA2及びAA3は、同一又は異なって、それぞれGly、Ala、又はHisを示す。nは2〜8の整数を示す。l、mは同一又は異なって0または1を示す。R1は炭素数12〜24の炭化水素基又はアシル基を示す。R2はOHまたはC末端保護基を示す。Z1又はZ2はGly、Ala、Hisのいずれかのアミノ酸から構成され、アミノ酸の数が1〜8個であるリンカーを示す。)
で表され、アミノ酸の総数が10〜60個である、ペプチド化合物。 - 一般式(II)で表されるペプチド化合物におけるペプチドが、配列番号1〜3のいずれかに記載のペプチド配列を有することを特徴とする、請求項9記載のペプチド化合物。
- R1が、炭素数12〜24のアシル基である、請求項9又は10に記載のペプチド化合物。
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