JP5921565B2 - 水素処理触媒およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
水素処理触媒およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5921565B2 JP5921565B2 JP2013543104A JP2013543104A JP5921565B2 JP 5921565 B2 JP5921565 B2 JP 5921565B2 JP 2013543104 A JP2013543104 A JP 2013543104A JP 2013543104 A JP2013543104 A JP 2013543104A JP 5921565 B2 JP5921565 B2 JP 5921565B2
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- catalyst
- hydrotreating
- drying
- organic compound
- firing
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 141
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 29
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- WRQNANDWMGAFTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacetoacetic acid Chemical compound COC(=O)CC(C)=O WRQNANDWMGAFTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical group [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetoacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(C)=O XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical group [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000003635 deoxygenating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 30
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 28
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 27
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 22
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 14
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 13
- QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- WQOXQRCZOLPYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl disulfide Chemical compound CSSC WQOXQRCZOLPYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YCOZIPAWZNQLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC YCOZIPAWZNQLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 5
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- AOPCKOPZYFFEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(2+);dinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O AOPCKOPZYFFEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910003294 NiMo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- -1 VIB metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006392 deoxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical group OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Chemical group OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- BZMPVIZLUZRWDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt methyl 3-oxobutanoate Chemical compound [Co].C(CC(=O)C)(=O)OC BZMPVIZLUZRWDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- 239000001630 malic acid Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZIYVHBGGAOATLY-UHFFFAOYSA-L methylmalonate(2-) Chemical group [O-]C(=O)C(C)C([O-])=O ZIYVHBGGAOATLY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013322 soy milk Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005486 sulfidation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004642 (C1-C12) alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004400 (C1-C12) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.O.O.[Al] Chemical compound O.O.O.[Al] MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002730 additional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001448 anilines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006114 decarboxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- BEPAFCGSDWSTEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl malonate Chemical compound COC(=O)CC(=O)OC BEPAFCGSDWSTEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001484 edetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrilotriacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002898 organic sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RIPZIAOLXVVULW-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-2,4-dione Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O.CC(=O)CC(C)=O RIPZIAOLXVVULW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
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- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/88—Molybdenum
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- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/88—Molybdenum
- B01J23/882—Molybdenum and cobalt
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- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/888—Tungsten
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- B01J31/2213—At least two complexing oxygen atoms present in an at least bidentate or bridging ligand
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Description
周期表のVIB族金属(たとえば、タングステン、モリブデン)およびこのような金属含有成分の酸化物および硫化物は、水素化、脱水素化、酸化、脱酸素化、脱硫化、脱窒素化、異性化およびクラッキングなどの広範囲な各種反応の触媒化に活性的であると知られている。
周期表のVIB族の特定の金属、たとえば、鉄、コバルトおよびニッケル含有成分をVIB族金属含有成分と組み合わせて使用する場合、触媒活性が増進するものと知られている。このようなVIII族成分は度々触媒の助触媒(promoter)として言及される。
本発明の別の具体例は、担体に少なくとも一つの水素化金属成分、およびカルボニルまたはその誘導体成分を有する有機化合物または有機金属化合物が担持された形態であって、より活性に優れる水素処理触媒およびその製造方法を提供しようとする。
R1COCH2COR2
X(R1COCH1COR2)n
触媒の担持方法は、当業界における公知の一般な方法、たとえば通常の含浸法、沈殿法、イオン交換法などを用いることができ、必ずしもこれに限定されるものではない。
本発明において、水素処理触媒は、水素化精製、水素化処理、水素化分解などの工程で使用される水素化精製触媒、水素化処理触媒、水素化分解触媒などをすべて含む触媒を意味する。
水素化金属成分は、元素周期表のVIB族、VIIB族およびVIII族の金属よりなる群から選ばれる一つ以上の金属成分であり、たとえば、モリブデン(Mo)、タングステン(W)、コバルト(Co)およびニッケル(Ni)よりなる群から選ばれる一つ以上の金属成分が挙げられる。
本発明の一具体例において、(i)VIB族、VIIB族およびVIII族の金属よりなる群から選ばれる一つ以上の水素化金属成分、および(ii)前記化学式1で表される有機化合物または前記化学式2で表される有機金属化合物を担体に担持することは、一般な担持方法によることが可能であり、別々に行っても同時に行ってもよい。
前記(a)または(b)段階において、乾燥段階は、約70℃〜350℃で行われてもよく、たとえば約100℃〜350℃で行われる。焼成段階は、約351℃〜700℃で行われてもよく、たとえば約351℃〜600℃で行われる。
また、本発明に係る水素処理触媒の活性は、石油または石炭に由来する炭化水素の水素処理だけでなく、脂肪酸(fatty acid)またはトリグリセリド(triglyceride)が主成分である動植物油の水素処理(脱酸素化)にも優れる効果を示す。
また、本発明に係る水素処理触媒は、様々な由来で生成された炭化水素留分の水素処理反応に優れた活性を示しており、硫黄、窒素および酸素の少なくとも1種を含有した炭化水素の脱硫、脱窒および/または脱酸素反応に卓越した効果を示す。
CoMo/Al2O3触媒は次の順序で製造された。
まず、アンモニウムヘプタモリブデートテトラハイドレート(Ammonium heptamolybdatetatrahydrate、AHM)を蒸留水に溶かして製造した水溶液を直径1mmサイズのAl2O3担体に含浸させ、150℃で2時間乾燥させた後、500℃で2時間連続的に焼成してMoO3/Al2O3を製造した。
コバルトニトレートヘキサハイドレート(Cobalt nitrate hexahydrate、CNH)を蒸留水に溶かし、前記MoO3/Al2O3触媒を含浸させた後、150℃で2時間乾燥させ、直径1mmサイズのアルミナを担体として用いてモリブデンが約15重量%、コバルトが約4重量%となるように触媒を製造した。その後、乾燥触媒重量の15重量%のメチルアセトアセテート(Methyl acetoacetate、MeAA)を蒸留水と混合して触媒に添加し、150℃で2時間乾燥させて触媒を製造した。製造に使用されたMo前駆体としては、アンモニウムヘプタモリブデートテトラハイドレート(Ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate、AHM)を使用したが、AHM以外の多様な形態のMo前駆体を使用することができる。コバルト前駆体としてはコバルトニトレートヘキサハイドレート(Cobalt nitrate hexahydrate、CNH)を使用したが、CNHの他に多様な形態のコバルト前駆体を使用することができ、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。
実施例1によって製造された触媒を500℃で2時間焼成して触媒を製造した。
AHMとCNHを蒸留水に溶かして製造した水溶液をAl2O3担体に含浸させ、150℃2時間乾燥させた後、乾燥触媒重量の15重量%のMeAAを蒸留水と混合して触媒に添加し、150℃で2時間乾燥させて触媒を製造した。
MeAA水溶液を乾燥触媒重量の13重量%のアセチルアセトン(Acetylacetone)とエタノールを混合した溶液に変更して触媒に添加する以外は、実施例1と同様の方法によって触媒を製造した。
MeAA水溶液を乾燥触媒重量の18重量%のエチルアセトアセテート(Ethyl acetoacetate)とエタノールを混合した溶液に変更して触媒に添加する以外は、実施例1と同様の方法によって触媒を製造した。
MeAA水溶液を乾燥触媒重量の18重量%のマロン酸ジメチル(Dimethyl malonate)とエタノールを混合した溶液に変更して触媒に添加する以外は、実施例1と同様の方法によって触媒を製造した。
アンモニア水をMEAA水溶液に混合して触媒に添加する以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で触媒を製造した。
実施例1と同じ含量のAHM、CNHおよびMeAAを蒸留水に溶かして製造した水溶液をAl2O3担体に含浸させた後、150℃で2時間乾燥させて触媒を製造した。
実施例1の方法で製造したMoO3/Al2O3触媒に、乾燥触媒重量の4重量%(コバルト基準)のコバルトメチルアセトアセテート(II)をメタノールと混合して添加し、150℃で2時間乾燥させて触媒を製造した。
直径1mmサイズのアルミナを担体として用いてモリブデンが約15重量%、コバルトが約4重量%となるように触媒を製造した。まず、AHMを蒸留水に溶かして製造した水溶液をAl2O3担体に含浸させ、150℃で2時間乾燥させた後、500℃で2時間連続的に焼成してMoO3/Al2O3を製造した。
CNHを蒸留水に溶かし、前記MoO3/Al2O3触媒を含浸させた後、150℃で2時間乾燥させ、500℃で2時間連続的に焼成してCoMo/Al2O3触媒を製造した。
MeAA水溶液を乾燥触媒重量の30重量%のEDTAをアンモニア水と蒸留水を混合した溶液に変更して触媒に添加する以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で触媒を製造した。
前記方法で製造した触媒を下記の触媒硫化方法で硫化させた後、水素処理反応を行った。結果を表1に示す。
前記方法で製造した5gの触媒(実施例1〜7、比較例1〜2)と77gのペンタデカン(pentadecane)と30gのジメチルジスルフィド(dimethyl disulfide、DMDS)をオートクレーブ(autoclave)に仕込み、常温で40barのH2で加圧した後、350℃まで昇温させ、3時間触媒を硫化させた。
硫化した0.1gの触媒(粒子サイズ80〜140mesh)、46gのペンタデカン、0.06gのジベンゾチオフェン(Dibenzothiophene、DBT)を100ccのオートクレーブに入れて320℃で1時間反応させた後、DBTの残量をGCで分析して水素処理反応を行い、水素処理活性を比較した。
担体をZrO2に変更する以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で触媒を製造した。
担体をZrO2に変更する以外は、比較例1と同様の方法で触媒を製造した。
前記方法で製造した実施例10と比較例3の触媒を実験例1の方法で硫化させた後、酸素が含まれた炭化水素の水素処理反応を行った。結果を表2に示す。
硫化した0.1gの触媒(粒子サイズ80〜140mesh)、46gのペンタデカン、0.06gのジベンゾフラン(Dibenzofuran、DBF)を100ccのオートクレーブに入れて320℃で1時間反応させた後、DBFの残量をGCで分析して水素処理反応を行い、水素処理活性を比較した。
CNHをニッケルニトレートヘキサハイドレート(Nickel nitrate hexahydrate、NNH)に変更する以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で触媒を製造した。ここで、Ni前駆体の場合、NNHの他に多様な前駆体を使用することができ、必ずしもこれに限定されるものではない。
H3PO4水溶液をアルミナに担持し、500℃で2時間焼成した後、実施例11と同様の方法を用いてモリブデン約15重量%、ニッケル約4重量%、P約3重量%の触媒を製造した。ここで、Pの場合、H3PO4の他に多様な前駆体を使用することができ、必ずしもこれに限定されるものではない。
AHMをアンモニウムメタタングステートハイドレート(Ammonium metatungstate hydrate、AMT)に変更する以外は、実施例11と同様の方法で触媒を製造した。ここで、Wの場合、AMTの他に多様な前駆体を使用することができ、必ずしもこれに限定されるものではない。
CNHをNNHに変更する以外は、比較例1と同様の方法で触媒を製造した。
CNHをNNHに変更し、AHMをAMTに変更する以外は、比較例1と同様の方法で触媒を製造した。
前記方法で製造した触媒を次の触媒硫化方法で硫化させた後、水素処理反応を行った。その結果を表3に示す。
前記方法で製造した触媒5cc(実施例11〜13、比較例4〜5)を6ccの円筒型反応器に充填した後、常温の条件で反応圧力45bar、H2 flow 16cc/minおよび3wt%のDMDS(dimethyl disulfide)を含むR−LGOを0.1cc/minの速度で流しながら320℃まで昇温させ、320℃に到達すると、3時間前処理した。
前記方法で硫化させた反応器にH2 flow 60cc/min、軽質サイクルオイル(沸点範囲170〜360℃、硫黄含量=0.3wt%、窒素含量=0.03wt%)を0.12cc/minの速度で流しながら300℃、60barの条件で水素処理反応を行った。その結果を表3に示す。水素処理活性は反応物内の硫黄化合物および窒素化合物の除去率で示した。
窒素除去率(%)=[(反応前の溶液内のN含量−反応後の溶液内のN含量)/(反応前の溶液内のN含量)]×100
担体をTiO2に変更する以外は、実施例11と同様の方法で触媒を製造した。
担体をTiO2に変更する以外は、比較例4と同様の方法で触媒を製造した。
前記方法で製造した実施例14と比較例5の触媒を実施例3の方法で硫化させた後、水素処理反応を行った。結果を表4に示す。
実験例3の方法で硫化させた触媒5gに対して、反応温度320℃、反応圧力30bar、水素100cc/minの導入条件で運転を行った。反応用フィード(feed)は大豆乳を使用し、0.1cc/min(LHSV=1)の速度で反応させた。結果を表4に示す。大豆乳は触媒上で水素化脱酸素(Hydrodeoxygenation)または脱炭酸化(Decarboxylation)反応によって沸点221〜343℃のディーゼル留分に転換される。水素処理反応活性は反応生成物に含まれたディーゼルへの転換率で計算した。
Claims (11)
- (i)VIB族およびVIII族の金属よりなる水素化金属成分、および(ii)メチルアセトアセテート、エチルアセトアセテートおよびこれらの混合物から選ばれる有機化合物を含み、前記(i)水素化金属成分および前記(ii)有機化合物が担体に担持されたことを特徴とする、水素処理触媒。
- 前記水素化金属成分のVIB族の金属はモリブデン(Mo)、タングステン(W)またはこれらの組み合わせであり、前記水素化金属成分のVIII族の金属はコバルト(Co)、ニッケル(Ni)またはこれらの組み合わせであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の水素処理触媒。
- 前記有機化合物の含量は水素処理触媒の全体重量に対して1〜90wt%であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の水素処理触媒。
- 前記担体はアルミナ、シリカ、シリカ−アルミナ、酸化チタニウム、分子篩、ジルコニア、リン酸アルミニウム、カーボン、ニオビアまたはこれらの混合物であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の水素処理触媒。
- 前記水素処理触媒はリン、フッ素、塩素、臭素、ホウ素またはこれらの混合物をさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の水素処理触媒。
- 前記水素処理触媒は水素処理によって硫黄、酸素および窒素の少なくとも1種を選択的に除去する触媒であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の水素処理触媒。
- (a)VIB族およびVIII族の金属よりなる水素化金属成分を担体に担持した後、乾燥、焼成、または乾燥および焼成させる段階と、
(b)前記(a)段階から得た担体に、メチルアセトアセテート、エチルアセトアセテートおよびこれらの混合物から選ばれる有機化合物を担持した後、乾燥、焼成、または乾燥および焼成させる段階とを含んでなる、水素処理触媒の製造方法。 - (a)段階の前に、リン、フッ素、塩素、臭素、ホウ素またはこれらの混合物を担体に担持した後、乾燥、焼成、または乾燥および焼成させる段階をさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の水素処理触媒の製造方法。
- 前記(b)段階における有機化合物以外に塩基をさらに添加することを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の水素処理触媒の製造方法。
- (A)VIB族およびVIII族の金属よりなる水素化金属成分、およびメチルアセトアセテート、エチルアセトアセテートおよびこれらの混合物から選ばれる有機化合物を担体に担持する段階と、
(B)前記(A)段階から得た担体を乾燥、焼成、または乾燥および焼成させる段階とを含んでなる、水素処理触媒の製造方法。 - 請求項1〜6のいずれか1項記載の水素処理触媒の存在下に、脂肪酸またはトリグリセリドを主成分とする動物油または植物油を脱酸素化する段階を含む水素処理方法。
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