JP5902371B2 - 非分節型マイナス鎖rnaウイルスを作出するための細胞及び方法 - Google Patents
非分節型マイナス鎖rnaウイルスを作出するための細胞及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
様々なレトロウイルスDNAフラップのヌクレオチド配列を、異なるウイルスで定義する:CAEV(配列番号1)、EIAV(配列番号2)、VISNA(配列番号3)、SIV AGM(配列番号4)、HIV−2 ROD(配列番号5)、HIV−1 LAI(配列番号6)、及びHIV−1(配列番号7)。MVウイルスのT7 RNAポリメラーゼ、nls T7 RNAポリメラーゼ、並びにN、P及びLタンパク質のヌクレオチド配列は、各々、配列番号8、10、12、14、及び16に定義し、更にそれらの各々の対応するタンパク質配列を、配列番号9、11、13、15及び17に定義した。pTM−MVSchwプラスミド(CNCM I−2889)の完全ヌクレオチド配列は、配列番号18に定義した。pEMC−LSchwプラスミド(CNCM 1−3881)の完全ヌクレオチド配列は、配列番号19に定義した。
−機能変種をコードする核酸は、高ストリンジェンシー条件で、野生型(参照)RNAポリメラーゼ又は同定された非分節型マイナス鎖RNA株もしくはウイルスのNタンパク質及びPタンパク質をコードする核酸とハイブリダイズする。高ストリンジェンシー条件は、Sambrookらにより、「Molecular Cloning: a laboratory manual」(1989)において定義されている。これらの高ストリンジェンシー条件は、以下を包含する:ニトロセルロースフィルター用の予備洗浄液5×SSC、0.5% SDS、1.0mM EDTA(pH8.0)の使用、50%ホルムアミド、6×SSC、42℃のハイブリダイゼーション条件、並びに68℃、0.2×SSC及び0.1% SDSの洗浄条件。プロトコールは、当業者に公知である。更に当業者は、温度及び洗浄液の塩濃度は、実験の制約に従い必要に応じて調節することができることを認めるであろう;
−機能変種をコードする核酸は、RNAポリメラーゼ、Nタンパク質又はPタンパク質をコードする未変性の核酸と、少なくとも80%、好ましくは90%、より好ましくは95%又は更には99%の類似性を示し、該類似性は、両方の配列の全長にわたり算出される;
−機能変種をコードする核酸は、RNAポリメラーゼ、Nタンパク質又はPタンパク質をコードする未変性の核酸と、少なくとも1個のヌクレオチド置換、好ましくは1、2、3、4又は5個の置換により異なり、任意に保存的置換(アミノ酸配列を変更しない(1又は2以上の)ヌクレオチド置換)は、少なくとも1個のヌクレオチドの欠失又は付加、好ましくは1、2、3、4又は5個のヌクレオチドの欠失又は付加により異なる。
断片は、本出願において、その断片が、本明細書において開示された少なくともリボ核タンパク質複合体(RNP複合体)として、それが誘導されるタンパク質全体と同じ活性を有する限りは、完全長RNAポリメラーゼの、Nタンパク質の又はPタンパク質の一部として定義される。特定の実施態様によれば、この断片は、完全長タンパク質の少なくとも70%、特定すると80%、より特定すると90%又は更には95%を表す。
a.RNAポリメラーゼ、非分節型マイナス鎖RNAウイルスの核タンパク質(N)及び非分節型マイナス鎖RNAウイルスのポリメラーゼ補助因子リン酸化タンパク質(P)を安定して産生する細胞又は細胞培養物を、非分節型マイナス鎖RNAウイルスのcDNAクローンにより、及び非分節型マイナス鎖RNAウイルスのRNAポリメラーゼラージタンパク質(L)をコードする核酸を含むベクターにより組換える工程、
b.非分節型マイナス鎖RNAウイルスの複製及び作出を維持するのにコンピテントな細胞上に、該組換細胞又は組換細胞培養物を移送する工程、並びに
c.工程bの共培養物から、感染性組換え非分節型マイナス鎖RNAウイルスを回収する工程:を含んでなる。
a.RNAポリメラーゼ、非分節型マイナス鎖RNAウイルスの核タンパク質(N)及び非分節型マイナス鎖RNAウイルスのポリメラーゼ補助因子リン酸化タンパク質(P)を安定して産生する細胞又は細胞培養物を、非分節型マイナス鎖RNAウイルスのcDNAクローンにより、及び非分節型マイナス鎖RNAウイルスのRNAポリメラーゼラージタンパク質(L)をコードする核酸を含むベクターにより組換える工程、並びに
b.該組換細胞又は組換細胞培養物から、感染性組換え非分節型マイナス鎖RNAウイルスを回収する工程:を含んでなる又はからなる。
−RNAポリメラーゼ、非分節型マイナス鎖RNAウイルスの核タンパク質(N)及び非分節型マイナス鎖RNAウイルスのリン酸化タンパク質(P)を安定して産生すること、
−それから感染性組換えウイルスを、望ましくないウイルス及び/又は他の細胞型による夾雑を伴わずに、効率的に回収すること。
−本発明の方法は必ずしも導入工程を含まない;
−本方法は、Parksらの論文(1999)に報告されたような熱ショック工程を含まない。実際この工程は、ウイルスのN及びPタンパク質、更にはRNAポリメラーゼの合成の効率を改善することが示されており、このタンパク質は、プラスミド上に有された核酸から合成される。しかし本発明において、本核酸は、細胞ゲノムへ組込まれ、かつこれらのタンパク質の発現は、安定し、及び/又は新たにキャプシド形成を始めるのに適したレベルであることが示されている。
−本方法は、RNAポリメラーゼ、Nタンパク質及びPタンパク質の産生は安定しており、かつプラスミド由来のそれらの発現に左右されないので、大量の感染性ウイルスを生じる。従って106個の組換細胞中の約100〜400個が、組換え後に感染性ウイルスを伝達する(レスキュー事象の数)。これは、Radeckeらの方法(1995)により得られた106個のトランスフェクションされた細胞の中の1〜6個よりも概して優れている。本方法の特定の実施態様によれば、106個の組換細胞に関するレスキュー事象の数は、20個超、50個超、100個超、200個超、300個超、400個超、又は500個超である。
a.細胞を、少なくとも:
−DNAフラップ、及びRNAポリメラーゼをコードする核酸の少なくとも1種のコピーを含んでなる、発現ベクター、
−DNAフラップ、及び非分節型マイナス鎖RNAウイルスのNタンパク質をコードする核酸の少なくとも1種のコピーを含んでなる、発現ベクター、
−DNAフラップ、及び非分節型マイナス鎖RNAウイルスのPタンパク質をコードする核酸の少なくとも1種のコピーを含んでなる、発現ベクター
で組換える工程:並びに
b.少なくともRNAポリメラーゼ、非分節型マイナス鎖RNAウイルスの核タンパク質(N)及び非分節型マイナス鎖RNAウイルスのリン酸化タンパク質(P)、又はそれらの機能誘導体を安定して産生する細胞を選択する工程:
もしくは
a.細胞を、少なくとも:
−プロモーターの制御下で、RNAポリメラーゼをコードする核酸の少なくとも1種のコピー、
−プロモーターの制御下で、非分節型マイナス鎖RNAウイルスのNタンパク質をコードする核酸の少なくとも1種のコピー、
−プロモーターの制御下で、非分節型マイナス鎖RNAウイルスのPタンパク質をコードする核酸の少なくとも1種のコピー、及び
−DNAフラップ
を含む発現ベクターで組換える工程:並びに
b.少なくともRNAポリメラーゼ、非分節型マイナス鎖RNAウイルスの核タンパク質(N)及び非分節型マイナス鎖RNAウイルスのリン酸化タンパク質(P)、又はそれらの機能誘導体を安定して産生する細胞を選択する工程:
のいずれか含んでなるか、或いはこれらからなる。
ベロ(アフリカミドリザル腎)細胞を、5%ウシ胎仔血清(FCS)を補充したダルベッコ変法イーグル培地(DMEM)において、単層として増殖した。ヒト腎293(HEK−293)細胞は、10%FCSを補充したDMEMにおいて増殖した。ヒト二倍体MRC5細胞は、10%FCSを補充したDMEMにおいて、単層として増殖した。トリ胚線維芽細胞(CEF)を、以下のように調製した:受精した鶏卵(Morizeau、Dangers, 仏国)を、38℃で9日間インキュベーションした。胚を、無菌条件下で収集した。頭部、四肢及び内臓を除去し、胚を細断し、次に5〜10分間、37℃でトリプシン処理した(トリプシン/EDTA 2.5g/L)。濾過(70μm)及びDMEM高グルコース/10%FCS中で数回の洗浄後、細胞を播種し(5〜7×106個細胞/ペトリ皿)、37℃で一晩インキュベーションし、その後ウイルス感染に使用した。
Gateway(登録商標)組換えシステム(Invitrogen)を使用する追加配列の容易な組換えを可能にするために、Gateway(登録商標)カセット(attb1/attb2 Seq)を、SmaI消化により直線としたHIV−1−TRIP−ΔU3−BSXプラスミドベクター(Zennouら、2000)へライゲーションすることにより導入した。T7 RNAポリメラーゼ遺伝子を、PfuTurbo DNAポリメラーゼ(Stratagene)及びGateway(登録商標)組換え配列(下線)を含む下記プライマーを使用するPCRにより、pAR−1173プラスミド(Brookhaven National Laboratory, ref)から増幅した。
AATTCTCTGACATCGAACTGGCT-3'
AttB2-retourT7Pol : 5'-GGGGACCACTTTGTACAAGAAAGCTGGGTTATCAC
GCGAACGCGAAGTCCGACTCTAAGATGTC-3'
GCACCAAAAAAGAAGAGAAAGGTA-3'
AttB2-retourT7Pol: 5'-GGGGACCACTTTGTACAAGAAAGCTGGGTTATCACG
CGAACGCGAAGTCCGACTCTAAGATGTC-3'
TTTTAAGGAGCTTAGCA-3'
AttB2-N : 5'-GGGACCACTTTGTACAAGAAAGCTGGGTGTGTACTAGTCTAG
AAGATTTCTGTCATTGTA-3'
AttB1-P : 5'-GGGGACAAGTTTGTACAAAAAAGCAGGCTCCATGGCAGAAG
AGCAGGCACGCCAT-3'
AttB2-P: 5'-GGGGACCACTTTGTACAAGAAAGCTGGGTGTTACTACTTCAT
TATTATCTTCATCAGCATCTGGTGGA-3'
ベクター粒子は、Zennouらの論文(2000)に説明されたような、HIV−1−TRIPΔU3.CMV−T7、HIV−1−TRIPΔU3.CMV−nlsT7、HIV−1−TRIPΔU3.CMV−N、又はHIV−1−TRIPΔU3.CMV−Pベクタープラスミド、HIV−1 gag及びpol遺伝子を発現しているキャプシド形成プラスミド、並びにVSV−Gエンベロープ糖タンパク質を発現しているプラスミド(pHCMV−G)のいずれかによる、リン酸カルシウム法を用いる、HEK−293細胞の同時トランスフェクションにより作出した。超遠心により濃縮されたベクター粒子ストック中のGag p24抗原の量は、HIV-1 p24 ELISA(Perkin Elmer LifeSciences)を用いて決定した。
細胞(HEK−293)は、TRIP−T7及びTRIP−nlsT7レンチウイルスベクターによる形質導入の1日前に、35mmウェルに播種した。ベクター(500ng/ml p24)を、10%FCSを補充したDMEMに添加した。8日間、毎日細胞に同量のベクターを、繰り返し添加した。細胞を、2日おきに拡大した。各継代後に、細胞のT7 RNAポリメラーゼ活性を決定した。35mm細胞培養物を、リン酸カルシウム法を用い、pEMC−Luc 5μgでトランスフェクションし、トランスフェクション後1日目に収集した透明化された細胞溶解液の1/20中のルシフェラーゼ活性を、ルミノメーターで測定した。ルシフェラーゼ活性は、追加の形質導入の度に増大し、かつ7回目と8回目の形質導入の間は最大に留まった。T7 RNAポリメラーゼ発現の細胞傷害性の非存在は、トリパンブルー排除法を用いる細胞生存度の定量及び非形質導入細胞との比較により、各形質導入後、明らかになった。8工程の形質導入の後、細胞質型(293−T7)又は核型(293−nlsT7)のいずれかの、非常に高いT7 RNAポリメラーゼ活性を伴うふたつの細胞集団を作出した。
作出された異なるヘルパー293−T7−NP及び293−nlsT7−NP細胞クローンのcDNA由来のMVを効率的にレスキューする能力を評価するために、本発明者らは、プラスミドpTM−MVSchw−eGFP(Combredetら、2003)を使用し、緑色蛍光タンパク質(eGFP)を発現している組換えSchwarz MVをレスキューした。本発明者らは、先に説明されたものと同様のシステムを使用した(Radeckeら、1995;Parksら、1999;Combredetら、2003)。ヘルパー細胞293−T7−NP又は293−nlsT7−NPは、pTM−MVSchw−eGFP(5μg)及びSchwarz MVポリメラーゼ(L)遺伝子を発現しているプラスミドpEMC−LSchw(20〜100ng)による、リン酸カルシウム法を用いてトランスフェクションした。37℃で一晩インキュベーションした後、トランスフェクション培地を、新鮮な培地と交換し、細胞を43℃で3時間熱ショック処理し、その後37℃(22)に戻した。37℃で2日間インキュベーションした後、トランスフェクションされた細胞を、単層のベロ、CEF又はMRC5細胞上に移し、CEFに関して32℃でインキュベーションした以外は、10cmの皿において37℃でインキュベーションした。蛍光細胞が、ベロ、CEF又はMRC5細胞上での2〜3日の共培養後、直ちに出現した。感染した細胞は、増殖巣において(in focuses)迅速に拡大した。本組換えウイルスは、ベロ細胞において高度にシンシチウムであり、かつCEF及びMRC5細胞において非シンシチウムであった。単独のシンシチウム又は感染性増殖巣は、ベロ、CEF又はMRC5細胞の35mmウェルに移し、その後新鮮な細胞を添加することにより、より大きい皿へ拡大した。感染細胞を掻き取り、細胞及び培地を凍結−融解し、遠心分離し、細胞デブリを除去することにより、ウイルスを、感染の5日後にCEF又はMRC5細胞から、及びシンシチウムが培養物の80〜90%に関与した時(通常2日後)にベロ細胞から収穫した。このようなウイルス作出は、TCID50力価決定法を用いて、力価決定した。簡単に述べると、ベロ細胞を、96−ウェルプレート(7500個細胞/ウェル)に播種し、かつDMEM/5%FCS中のウイルス試料の連続1:10希釈により感染した。37℃で7日間インキュベーションした後、細胞をクリスタルバイオレットで染色し、かつ試験単位の50%感染を生じたウイルス希釈物を決定した。組織培養感染量(TCID50)として説明される50%エンドポイントは、Karber法(3)により計算した。ベロ細胞上でレスキュー及び増殖された組換えウイルスは、力価107〜l08 TCID50/mlを有し、CEF又はMRC5細胞上でレスキュー及び増殖されたウイルスは、より低い力価104〜106 TCID50/mlを有した。
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Claims (11)
- 2006年6月14日にCNCMに寄託番号I-3618として寄託された293-T7-NP細胞株の細胞。
- 2006年8月4日にCNCMに寄託番号I-3662として寄託された293-nlsT7-NP MV細胞株の細胞。
- 感染性麻疹ウイルスを作出する方法であって、
a.2006年6月14日にCNCMに寄託番号I-3618として寄託された293-T7-NP細胞株の細胞を、麻疹ウイルスの非分節型マイナス鎖cDNAクローンにより、及び麻疹ウイルスのRNAポリメラーゼラージタンパク質(L)をコードする核酸を含む発現ベクターにより組換える工程、
b.麻疹ウイルスの複製及び作出を維持するのにコンピテントな細胞上に、前記組換細胞を移送する工程、並びに
c.工程bの共培養物から、感染性麻疹ウイルスを回収する工程を含んでなる、或いはこれらの工程からなる方法。 - 感染性麻疹ウイルスを作出する方法であって、
a.2006年8月4日にCNCMに寄託番号I-3662として寄託された293-nlsT7-NP MV細胞株の細胞を、麻疹ウイルスの非分節型マイナス鎖cDNAクローンとにより、及び麻疹ウイルスのRNAポリメラーゼラージタンパク質(L)をコードする核酸を含む発現ベクターにより組換える工程、
b.麻疹ウイルスの複製及び作出を維持するのにコンピテントな細胞上に、前記組換細胞を移送する工程、並びに
c.工程bの共培養物から、感染性麻疹ウイルスを回収する工程を含んでなる、或いはこれらの工程からなる方法。 - 前記工程b.のコンピテント細胞が、ベロ(アフリカミドリザル腎)細胞、CEF(ニワトリ胚線維芽細胞)細胞又はMRC5細胞である、請求項3又は4記載の方法。
- 前記麻疹ウイルスの非分節型マイナス鎖cDNAクローンのヌクレオチド配列が、許容部位で、少なくとも1種の異種核酸の挿入により修飾されている、請求項3又は4記載の方法。
- 前記異種核酸が、エピトープ又はポリエピトープをコードする、請求項6記載の方法。
- 前記麻疹ウイルスの非分節型マイナス鎖cDNAクローンが、弱毒化MVウイルスに由来する、請求項3又は4記載の方法。
- 前記非分節型マイナス鎖cDNAクローンが、MV Schwarz株に由来する、請求項8記載の方法。
- ヘルパー株化細胞としての、請求項1又は2記載の細胞の使用。
- 感染性麻疹ウイルスを作出するための、請求項1又は2記載の細胞の使用。
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