JP5890410B2 - リチウム金属酸素化合物中の磁性および/または酸化不純物を削減する方法 - Google Patents
リチウム金属酸素化合物中の磁性および/または酸化不純物を削減する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5890410B2 JP5890410B2 JP2013521040A JP2013521040A JP5890410B2 JP 5890410 B2 JP5890410 B2 JP 5890410B2 JP 2013521040 A JP2013521040 A JP 2013521040A JP 2013521040 A JP2013521040 A JP 2013521040A JP 5890410 B2 JP5890410 B2 JP 5890410B2
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- Prior art keywords
- metal oxygen
- lithium metal
- lithium
- oxygen compound
- impurities
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 149
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 title claims description 88
- 150000002927 oxygen compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 88
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 83
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 title 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910015118 LiMO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 44
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 40
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004451 qualitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 6
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 6
- -1 lithium vanadate compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002296 pyrolytic carbon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- CASZBAVUIZZLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium iron(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Fe+2].[Li+] CASZBAVUIZZLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006249 magnetic particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000319 transition metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QTHKJEYUQSLYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co]=O.[Ni].[Li] Chemical compound [Co]=O.[Ni].[Li] QTHKJEYUQSLYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OGCCXYAKZKSSGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ni]=O.[Mn].[Li] Chemical compound [Ni]=O.[Mn].[Li] OGCCXYAKZKSSGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- CVJYOKLQNGVTIS-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminum;lithium;titanium(4+);phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Al+3].[Ti+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O CVJYOKLQNGVTIS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006263 metalation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical compound [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010586 LiFeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013275 LiMPO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016087 LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011611 LiNi0.79Co0.20 (Mg)0.01O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012465 LiTi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000282553 Macaca Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910018484 Ni—Cu—Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MKGYHFFYERNDHK-UHFFFAOYSA-K P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Ti+4].[Li+] Chemical compound P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Ti+4].[Li+] MKGYHFFYERNDHK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001085205 Prenanthella exigua Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YITAGJCAYNNEIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Cr+3].[Mn++] Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Cr+3].[Mn++] YITAGJCAYNNEIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMPLWDJCEVRQNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-E [Li+].[Ti+4].[Zr+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [Li+].[Ti+4].[Zr+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QMPLWDJCEVRQNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-E 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021486 amorphous silicon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052789 astatine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021387 carbon allotrope Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Chemical class O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011038 discontinuous diafiltration by volume reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002001 electrolyte material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000664 lithium aluminum titanium phosphates (LATP) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LCBKDULHZJKFJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium chromium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[Cr+3] LCBKDULHZJKFJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWAIALBIBWIKKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium titanium Chemical compound [Li].[Ti] SWAIALBIBWIKKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000686 lithium vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- MODMKKOKHKJFHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;dioxido(dioxo)molybdenum Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O MODMKKOKHKJFHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdate Chemical compound [O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003260 vortexing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/37—Phosphates of heavy metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G1/00—Methods of preparing compounds of metals not covered by subclasses C01B, C01C, C01D, or C01F, in general
- C01G1/02—Oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
-
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Description
a)不純物を含んだ量mのリチウム金属酸素化合物を準備、
b)前記量mのリチウム金属酸素化合物のうちの5ないし15%の割合を投入、
c)浄化されたリチウム金属酸素化合物を継続的に取り出しおよび回収しながら量mの3%ないし0.01%の残留分になるまでリチウム金属酸素化合物を粉砕および分級、
d)浄化されたリチウム金属酸素化合物の取り出し、
e)残留物の廃棄、
f)量mの全てが転化されるまで工程b)から工程e)を繰り返し。
LixV2O4で(0<x≦2.5)、LixV2O3(0<x≦3.5)等のリチウムバナジウム酸化合物;
LixCr2O3で(0<x≦3)、LixCr3O4で(0<x≦3.8)等のリチウムクロム酸化合物;
LixMnO2で(0<x≦2)、LixMn2O4で(0<x≦2)、Li1+xMn2O4で(0.5<x≦1)、Li2MnO3等のリチウムマンガン酸化合物;
LiFeO2、LixFe2O3で(0<x≦2)、LixFe3O4で(0<x≦2)等のリチウム酸化鉄化合物;
LiCoO2等のリチウムコバルト酸化合物;
LiNiO2等のリチウムニッケル酸化合物;
または、
マンガンおよびニッケルを含有する:LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2、Li1−xNi0.5Mn1.5O4(0<x≦0.5);
クロムおよびマンガンを含有する:Li1−xCryMn2−yO4(0<x≦1)かつ(0<y≦2);
チタンおよびアルミニウムを含有する:Li1+xTi2−xAlx(PO4)3で(0<x≦1);
チタンおよびジルコニウムを含有する:LiTi2−xZrx(PO4)3で(0<x≦1);
コバルトおよびニッケルを含有する:Li1−xCoyNi1−yO2で(0<x≦0.6)かつ(0.2<y≦1);
カルシウムおよび/またはマグネシウムでドーピングしたニッケルおよびコバルトを含有する:LiNi0.79Co0.20(Ca)0.01O2;LiNi0.79Co0.20(Mg)0.01O2、
等の混合物を含有するリチウム金属酸化合物である。
以下に、使用した方法および装置についてより詳細に説明する。
リチウム金属酸素化合物の粉砕および分級の工程は、ドイツ国アウグスブルグ市のホソカワアルピネ社製のAFG200型流動床カウンタージェットミル内で実施した。装置は製造者の操作説明に従って使用した。
リチウム金属酸素化合物中の不純物の測定は、VWR社製の光源KL2500を備えたVWR社製の光学顕微鏡SZT300を使用して実施した。装置は製造者の操作説明に従って使用した。
独国特許出願第102008026580.2−41号明細書あるいは米国特許第5545468号明細書の方法に従って得られた5000kg(量m)のリチウム金属酸素化合物Li4Ti5O12を本発明に係る方法に従って流動層カウンタージェットミル内で処理した。
排出バルブ(直径): 5mm
空気流の圧力: 6バール
分級ホイールの回転数: 4600rpm
流動室内における充填レベル: 10ないし15kg
処理量: 約60kg/h
容量2lの円筒形のプラスチック容器内で500gの浄化されたリチウムチタン酸塩を1000mlの蒸留水に懸濁した。
1.定性分析
一般的な未浄化のリチウムチタン酸塩を通常の製造方法によって製造し上述した検査方式に従って処理した。球磁石上に付着した磁性粒子の成分の光学顕微鏡を使用した定性分析によって、試料が1000ppm超の比較的高い割合の不純物を含むことが示された。
2.1.SEM
一般的な未浄化のリチウムチタン酸塩を出発点とした汚染の割合を、SEMによって半定量的に測定した。選択したコントラスト設定に基づいて、極めて良好に不純物とリチウムチタン酸塩とを識別することができた。撮影によって1000ppm超の比較的高い割合の不純物が確認された。少量のLiおよびTiの他に、Fe、Cr,NiおよびZn等の異なった元素が確認された。
さらに、ICP OESを使用して不純物の割合を定量的および定性的に測定した。定量的および定性的なICP OES分析の結果(表1)によって、どれくらいの量のFe、Cr,NiおよびZnによる不純物が未浄化のリチウムチタン酸塩中に含まれていたかが示されている。
1.定性分析
不良に浄化されたリチウムチタン酸塩は本発明に係る方法に従って浄化したが、粉砕および分級工程の早期の中断は行わなかった。その後の処理は前述した検査方法に従って実施した。光学顕微鏡を使用した定性分析によって、試料が200ppmを超える割合の磁性および/または酸化粒子を含むことが示された。
2.1.SEM
不良に浄化されたリチウムチタン酸塩中の汚染を、SEMによって半定量的に測定した。選択したコントラスト設定の撮影によって、少量のリチウムチタン酸塩の他に極めて多くの不純物が含まれることが示された。撮影によって、試料を完全に粉砕および分級することによって初期原料と同様に高い割合の不純物が残留することが確認された。少量のLiおよびTiの他に、Fe、Cr,Ni、Zn等の異なった元素が確認された。
さらに、ICP OESを使用して不良に浄化されたリチウムチタン酸塩中の不純物の割合を定量的に測定した。定量的および定性的なICP OES分析の結果によって、Fe、Cr,NiおよびZnによる不純物が不良に浄化されたリチウムチタン酸塩中に含まれていたことが示されている。表2に不良に浄化されたリチウムチタン酸塩中の不純物の割合が示されている。
1.定性分析
本発明に係る方法に従って製造され良好に浄化されたリチウムチタン酸塩の分析を、前述した検査方法に従って実施した。光学顕微鏡を使用した定性分析によって、試料中に極微量の磁性および/または酸化粒子の痕跡が含まれることが示された。
2.1.SEM
良好に浄化されたリチウムチタン酸塩を、SEMによって半定量的に測定した。選択したコントラスト設定によって、良好に浄化されたリチウムチタン酸塩中には20ppm未満の極僅かの不純物が含まれることが示された。撮影によって、本発明に係るリチウムチタン酸塩の粉砕および分級において、粉砕および分級工程を早期に中断することによって不純物の割合を低減し得ることが示された。多量のLiおよびTiの他に、Fe、Cr,NiおよびZnが確認された。
定量的および定性的なICP OES分析の結果によって、良好に浄化されたリチウムチタン酸塩中にCr,NiおよびFeの不純物が下記の割合で含まれていたことが示されている(表3)。
1.定性分析
本発明に係る方法に従って分離された残留物の分析を、前述した検査方法に従って実施した。光学顕微鏡を使用した定性分析によって、主に本発明に係る方法によって分離された磁性および/または酸化粒子が試料中に含まれることが示された。
2.1.SEM
分離された残留物中の不純物を、SEMによって半定量的に測定した。選択したコントラスト設定によって、試料が主に不純物からなり、10000ppmを超える不純物を有することが示された。撮影によって、残留物の早期の分離によって主に不純物が分離され、僅かな製品痕跡のみが含まれることが確認された。少量のLiおよびTiの痕跡の他に、Fe、Cr,NiおよびZn等の異なった不純物が確認された。
定量的および定性的なICP OES分析の結果によって、分離された残留物中にCr,Ni、ZnおよびFeの不純物が下記の割合で含まれていたことが示されている(表4)。
Claims (12)
- ドーピングされたあるいはドーピングされていない粒子形態のリチウム金属酸素化合物中の磁性および/または酸化不純物を削減する方法であり、
a)不純物を含んだ量mのリチウム金属酸素化合物を準備し、
b)前記量mのリチウム金属酸素化合物のうちの5ないし15%の割合を投入し、
c)浄化されたリチウム金属酸素化合物を継続的に取り出しおよび回収しながら量mの3%ないし0.01%の残留分になるまでリチウム金属酸素化合物を粉砕および分級し、
d)浄化されたリチウム金属酸素化合物を取り出し、
e)残留物を廃棄し、
f)量mの全てが転化されるまで工程b)から工程e)を繰り返す、
工程を含んでなる方法。 - リチウム金属酸素化合物の粒子は少なくとも部分的に炭素を含んだ被覆を有することを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- リチウム金属酸素化合物がB,Al,Mg,Ca,Sr,P,Si,Ti,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Zr,Zn,Sn,Nb,Mo,Ru,Wまたはそれらの混合物によってドーピングされて存在することを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の方法。
- リチウム金属酸素化合物がLixを含んだ分子式を有し、その際0<xかつ0<yで、LixMO2,LixM2O4,LixM5O12,LixMyO4,LixM2O4,LixM2O3,LixM3O4,Li2MO3,LixM2O3,LixM3O4,LiMO2,LiM′0.5M″0.5O2から選択されるか、またはリチウム金属酸素化合物がLi1+xを含んだ分子式を有し、その際0<xかつ0<yで、Li1+xM2−xO4,Li1+xM2O4,Li2MO3,Li1+xM′2−xM″x(PO4)3から選択されるか、またはリチウム金属酸素化合物がLi1―xを含んだ分子式を有し、その際0<xかつ0<yで、Li1−xM′yM″2−yO4,Li1−xM′1.5M″0.5O4あるいはLi1−xM′yM″1−yO2から選択され、ここでMはB,Al,Na,Mg,Ca,Sr,P,Si,Ti,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Sn,Ga,In,Y,Zr,Nb,Mo,Ru,またはWの一群から選択され、M′はB,Al,Na,Mg,Ca,Sr,P,Si,Ti,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Sn,Ga,In,Y,Zr,Nb,Mo,Ru,またはWの一群から選択され、M″はB,Al,Na,Mg,Ca,Sr,P,Si,Ti,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Sn,Ga,In,Y,Zr,Nb,Mo,Ru,またはWの一群から選択される、請求項3記載のリチウム金属酸素化合物。
- リチウム金属酸素化合物の投入は量mの5ないし15%を投入した後中断する請求項1ないし4のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 残留物が量mの3%ないし0.01%を下回る前に粉砕工程および分級工程を中断する請求項5記載の方法。
- 量mの3%ないし0.01%の残留物を除去および廃棄する請求項6記載の方法。
- リチウム金属酸素化合物の粉砕と分級を唯一の装置内で実施する請求項7記載の方法。
- リチウム金属酸素化合物の粉砕と分級を別々の装置内でそれぞれ実施する請求項7記載の方法。
- 工程a)ないしe)の方法がさらに追加的な粉砕工程を含む請求項1ないし9のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 追加的な粉砕工程が粉砕および/または分級装置から分離された追加的な装置内で実施される請求項10記載の方法。
- 粉砕および/または分級ならびに追加的な粉砕工程が唯一の装置内で実施される請求項11記載の方法。
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DE102010032207.5A DE102010032207B4 (de) | 2010-07-26 | 2010-07-26 | Verfahren zur Verminderung von magnetischen und/oder oxidischen Verunreinigungen in Lithium-Metall-Sauerstoff-Verbindungen |
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PCT/EP2011/061250 WO2012013454A1 (de) | 2010-07-26 | 2011-07-04 | Verfahren zur verminderung von magnetischen und/oder oxidischen verunreinigungen in lithiium-metall-sauerstoff-verbindungen |
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JP2013534203A (ja) | 2013-09-02 |
DE102010032207B4 (de) | 2014-02-13 |
DE102010032207A1 (de) | 2012-01-26 |
KR20130029447A (ko) | 2013-03-22 |
TW201208777A (en) | 2012-03-01 |
CA2802944A1 (en) | 2012-02-02 |
CA2802944C (en) | 2018-05-15 |
CN103025662A (zh) | 2013-04-03 |
KR101614376B1 (ko) | 2016-04-22 |
US9550188B2 (en) | 2017-01-24 |
EP2598442B1 (de) | 2020-05-06 |
KR20140124863A (ko) | 2014-10-27 |
US20130156683A1 (en) | 2013-06-20 |
WO2012013454A1 (de) | 2012-02-02 |
EP2598442A1 (de) | 2013-06-05 |
WO2012013454A8 (de) | 2012-04-05 |
CN103025662B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
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