JP5863803B2 - 農業用被覆材 - Google Patents
農業用被覆材 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5863803B2 JP5863803B2 JP2013528055A JP2013528055A JP5863803B2 JP 5863803 B2 JP5863803 B2 JP 5863803B2 JP 2013528055 A JP2013528055 A JP 2013528055A JP 2013528055 A JP2013528055 A JP 2013528055A JP 5863803 B2 JP5863803 B2 JP 5863803B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- nonwoven fabric
- agricultural
- covering material
- fiber
- agricultural covering
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
- A01G9/1438—Covering materials therefor; Materials for protective coverings used for soil and plants, e.g. films, canopies, tunnels or cloches
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
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- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4282—Addition polymers
- D04H1/4291—Olefin series
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4374—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece using different kinds of webs, e.g. by layering webs
-
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- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/559—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving the fibres being within layered webs
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/56—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving in association with fibre formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion of staple fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/16—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic filaments produced in association with filament formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/03—3 layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/20—All layers being fibrous or filamentary
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0253—Polyolefin fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/412—Transparent
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- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2410/00—Agriculture-related articles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
Description
(i)光線透過率が80%以上、
(ii)通気度が50〜400cm3/cm2/secの範囲、および
(iii)目付けが10〜30g/m2の範囲にある
不織布積層体からなる農業用被覆材である。
本発明の農業用被覆材を構成する不織布積層体の原料となる熱可塑性樹脂は、不織布を形成し得る熱可塑性樹脂であれば、特に限定はされず、種々公知の熱可塑性樹脂、具体的には、エチレン、プロピレン、1−ブテン、1−ヘキセン、4−メチル−1−ペンテンおよび1−オクテン等のα−オレフィンの単独若しくは共重合体である高圧法低密度ポリエチレン、線状低密度ポリエチレン(所謂LLDPE)、高密度ポリエチレン(所謂HDPE)、ポリプロピレン(プロピレン単独重合体)、ポリプロピレンランダム共重合体、ポリ1−ブテン、ポリ4−メチル−1−ペンテン、エチレン・プロピレンランダム共重合体、エチレン・1−ブテンランダム共重合体、プロピレン・1−ブテンランダム共重合体等のポリオレフィン、ポリエステル(ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンナフタレート等)、ポリアミド(ナイロン−6、ナイロン−66、ポリメタキシレンアジパミド等)、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリイミド、エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体、エチレン・酢酸ビニル・ビニルアルコール共重合体、エチレン・(メタ)アクリル酸共重合体、エチレン−アクリル酸エステル−一酸化炭素共重合体、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリカーボネート、ポリスチレン、アイオノマーあるいはこれらの混合物等を例示することができる。これらのうちでは、高圧法低密度ポリエチレン、線状低密度ポリエチレン(所謂LLDPE)及び高密度ポリエチレン等のエチレン系重合体、ポリプロピレン及びポリプロピレンランダム共重合体等のプロピレン系重合体、あるいは、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリアミド等がより好ましい。
本発明に係るプロピレン系重合体としては、通常、融点(Tm)が125℃以上、好ましくは130〜165℃の範囲にあるプロピレンの単独重合体若しくはプロピレンと極少量のエチレン、1−ブテン、1−ペンテン、1−ヘキセン、1−オクテン、4−メチル−1−ペンテン等の炭素数2以上(但し炭素数3を除く)、好ましくは2〜8(但し炭素数3を除く)の1種または2種以上のα−オレフィンとの共重合体が好ましい。
本発明の農業用被覆材は、(i)光線透過率が80%以上、(ii)通気度が50〜400cm3/cm2/secの範囲、好ましくは、下限が100cm3/cm2/sec以上、より好ましくは150cm3/cm2/sec以上であり、好ましくは上限が350cm3/cm2/sec以下、および、(iii)目付けが10〜30g/m2、好ましくは10〜25g/m2、より好ましくは10〜20g/m2の範囲にある不織布積層体からなる。
本発明に係るメルトブローン不織布層(A)は、上記熱可塑性樹脂からなる不織布層であって、通常、繊維径が0.1〜10μm、好ましくは1〜10μm、より好ましくは3〜10μmの範囲、通常、目付が0.1〜3g/m2、好ましくは0.3〜3g/m2、より好ましくは0.5〜3g/m2、さらに好ましくは0.5〜2.5g/m2、最も好ましくは0.5〜1.5g/m2の範囲にある不織布である。
本発明に係るスパンボンド不織布層(B)は、上記熱可塑性樹脂からなる不織布層であって、通常、繊維径が12μm以上で、目付が5〜25g/m2、好ましくは5〜20g/m2、より好ましくは5〜18g/m2、最も好ましくは5〜10g/m2の範囲にある不織布である。
本発明の農業用被覆材は、種々公知の不織布を積層することにより製造し得る。例えば、スパンボンド不織布とメルトブローン不織布からなる積層体を得るには、スパンボンド不織布の製造方法及びメルトブローン不織布の製造方法を併用することにより製造される。
本発明の農業用被覆材で農作物を覆うことにより、農作物の育成を促進することができる。本発明の農業用被覆材で農作物を覆う方法としては、農作物に直掛け(ベタ掛け)する方法、あるいは、トンネル掛け、あるいは浮き掛けなどの農作物を農業用被覆材との間にある程度の空間を保持する方法を取り得る。特に、本発明の農業用被覆材をベタ掛けすることによって育成が促進される農作物としては、例えば、ほうれん草、かぶ、カボチャ、レタス、サツマイモ、ダイコン、ニンジンのような、生育後も草丈が比較的低い作物や、前記農作物に限らずに成長初期の草丈が低い間に使用するケースが挙げられる。
不織布から、機械方向(MD) 100mm×横方向(CD)100mmで10点採取し、平均値を算出した。
スパンボンド不織布層については、得られた不織布から、10mm×10mmの試験片を10点採取し、Nikon社製ECLIPSE E400顕微鏡を用い、倍率20倍で、繊維の直径をμm単位で小数点第1位まで読み取った。1試験片毎に任意の20箇所の径を測定し、平均値を求めた。メルトブローン層については、得られた不織布から試料片を採取して、走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて、倍率500倍または1000倍で観察し、構成繊維の30本の繊維径(μm)を測定し、平均値を求めた。
JIS L 1906に準拠して測定した。農業被覆材から200mm(MD)×50mm(CD)の試験片を採取し、引張試験機(島津製作所オートグラフAGS-J)を用いてチャック間距離100mm、ヘッドスピード100mm/minでMD:5点、CD:5点を測定し、平均値を算出し、引張強度(N/50mm)および引張伸度(%)を求めた。
農業用被覆材から200mm(MD)×50mm(CD)の試験片を採取し、2枚重ねた状態で、JISL1096に準じたフラジール通気度測定機によって行った。得られた数値に2を掛けたもの(n=5)の平均値を測定値とした。
財団法人日本化学繊維検査協会の透光率試験法により、具体的にはサークルライン白色20W灯の下方に縦32cm、横32cm、高さ45cmの箱を設備する。
光線透過率(%)=L2/L1×100
農業用被覆材を用い、3条×5m×畝幅90cmのホウレン草とカブのベタ掛け栽培を12月播種、翌年3月収穫にて実施した。収穫後、ホウレン草は地上部の背丈を、カブは玉の大きさを測定し3点の平均値を測定値とした。
畝上部5cmの大気温度、農業用被覆材の下の地表温度、畝地下2cmの土中温度をそれぞれ3点測定し、平均値を測定値とした。
MFRが20g/10分のプロピレン単独重合体(PP−1)を用い230℃にて溶融紡糸を行い、得られた繊維を補集面上に堆積させ、繊維径が40μm、目付が9g/m2のスパンボンド不織布層(B−1)を得た。
実施例1で用いた農業用被覆材に替えて、表1に記載の繊維径及び目付を有するスパンボンド不織布とメルトブローン不織布を用いる以外は、実施例1と同様に行い、農業用被覆材を得た。
実施例1で用いた農業用被覆材に替えて、表1に記載の繊維径及び目付を有するスパンボンド不織布とメルトブローン不織布を用いる以外は、実施例1と同様に行い、農業用被覆材を得た。
実施例1で用いた農業用被覆材に替えて、MFRが20g/10分のプロピレン単独重合体(PP−1)を用い230℃にて溶融紡糸を行い、得られた繊維を補集面上に堆積させ、繊維径が40μm、目付が20g/m2のスパンボンド不織布からなる農業用被覆材を用いた。
対象区として、農業被覆材を用いない畝を作り、上記実施例、比較例の保温性、生育状況の基準値とした。
実施例1で用いた農業用被覆材に替えて、表1に記載の繊維径及び目付を有するスパンボンド不織布とメルトブローン不織布を用いる以外は、実施例1と同様に行い、農業用被覆材を得た。
実施例1で用いた農業用被覆材に替えて、表1に記載の繊維径及び目付を有するスパンボンド不織布のみを用いる以外は、実施例1と同様に行い、農業用被覆材を得た。
Claims (6)
- (i)光線透過率が80%以上、
(ii)通気度が100〜400cm3/cm2/secの範囲、および
(iii)目付けが10〜30g/m2の範囲にある
不織布積層体からなる農業用被覆材。 - 前記不織布積層体が、繊維径が0.1〜10μmの熱可塑性樹脂繊維から構成される目付が0.1〜3g/m2のメルトブローン不織布(A)の少なくとも片面に、繊維径が15μm以上の熱可塑性樹脂繊維から構成される目付が5〜25g/m2のスパンボンド不織布(B)が部分的に熱融着により積層されてなる請求項1記載の農業用被覆材。
- 前記不織布積層体が、メルトブローン不織布(A)の両面にスパンボンド不織布(B)が積層されてなる請求項1記載の農業用被覆材。
- 熱可塑性樹脂繊維がオレフィン系重合体繊維である請求項2記載の農業用被覆材。
- オレフィン系重合体繊維がプロピレン系重合体繊維である請求項4記載の農業用被覆材。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の農業用被覆材で農作物を覆うことにより農作物を育成する方法。
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