JP5832628B2 - 神経疾患の治療及び記憶力減退改善用生薬組成物 - Google Patents
神経疾患の治療及び記憶力減退改善用生薬組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Description
(a)本発明は、竜眼肉、丹参、及び天麻の抽出物を含む神経疾患の予防または治療用組成物を提供する。神経インサルト、例えば、アミロイドベータによる神経インサルトから神経細胞を保護することにより、神経疾患、特に痴呆の予防または治療に非常に有効である。
(b)本発明の組成物は、記憶力を向上させる効能に非常に優れている。
(c)本発明の組成物は、人体内速い吸収または効果的な伝達が可能であり、人体に副作用がほとんどない。
痴呆の治療のため、及び記憶力減退の改善のための、竜眼肉、丹参、及び天麻の抽出物の効能を把握するために、多様な実験を実施した。痴呆患者にみられる記憶力減退に係わるコリン性神経伝達過程に対するHX107M(参照:実験例1)の効果を測定するために、アセチルコリン分解酵素(AChE)の抑制に対する効果をAChE活性測定方法により確認した。そして、痴呆誘発タンパク質として知られたアミロイドベータタンパク質を脳室内に注入して神経細胞損傷を誘導したラットモデルにおいて、水中迷路検査(water maze test)及び受動回避検査などの行動学的検査を通じて、HX107Nの学習及び記憶能力を測定し、組織学的検査を通じて神経細胞損傷程度を確認した。
すべてのハーブは、ハーブ専門マーケットで購入した(HUMANHERB、韓国)。竜眼肉、丹参、及び天麻の乾燥生薬を表1の重量比率で混ぜて、総重量の10倍量の水を加えて、約90〜100℃で3時間還流抽出する。抽出液をろ過して60℃で濃縮し、凍結乾燥して粉状の抽出物を得た。
竜眼肉、丹参、及び天麻のそれぞれの乾燥生薬10gに10倍量の水を加えて、約90〜100℃で3時間還流抽出する。抽出液をろ過して60℃で濃縮し、凍結乾燥して、3種の生薬のそれぞれの粉状の抽出物を得た。
竜眼肉、丹参、及び天麻に、小葉麥門冬または鬱金の乾燥生薬を3:3:1:5の重量比率で混ぜて、総重量の10倍量の水を加えて、約90〜100℃で3時間還流抽出する。抽出液をろ過して60℃で濃縮し、凍結乾燥して粉状の抽出物を得た。
製造例1で用意した抽出物を利用してAChE活性に対する実験をEllman’s Method(Ellman et al., Biochem Pharmacol 7:88−95(1961))に基づいて行った。実験に使用するAChEを得るために、5週齢の雄性ICRマウスを購入(Orient Bio,大韓民国)して、一週間の適応期間を維持した後、マウスの脳を摘出した。摘出した脳は、脳重量の10倍容量の12.5mMリン酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH 7.0)で均質化し、均質液を得た。この均質液を、遠心分離機を利用して4℃で3000rpmで10分間遠心分離後、上澄み液を得た。試験管内AChE活性を測定するために、96−ウェルマイクロプレートに緩衝液、75mM アセチルコリンヨウ化物、10mM 5,5’−ジチオビス(2−ニトロベンゾ酸, DNTB)を入れて、このプレートに各抽出物をそれぞれ5mg/mLと10mg/mL加え処理した後、このプレートにマウスから得た上澄み液を添加した後、室温で遮光状態を維持しながら10分間反応した。反応の終わったマイクロプレートは、405nmにおける吸光度を2分間隔で40分間測定した。その結果、No.1の抽出物が最も効能に優れていることが確認されて、以後、No.1の抽出物をHX107Mと命名した。
HX107Mと天麻抽出物を利用してAChE活性抑制に対する実験をEllman’s Method(Ellman et al., Biochem Pharmacol 7:88−95(1961))に基づいて行った。実験に使用するAChEを得るために、5週齢の雄性ICRマウスを購入(Orient Bio,大韓民国)して、一週間の適応期間を維持した後、マウスの脳を摘出した。摘出した脳は、脳重量の10倍容量の12.5mMリン酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH 7.0)で均質化し、均質液を得た。この均質液を、遠心分離機を利用して4℃で3000rpmで10分間遠心分離後、上澄み液を得た。試験管内AChE活性を測定するために、96−ウェルマイクロプレートに緩衝液、75mM アセチルコリンヨウ化物、10mM 5,5’−ジチオビス(2−ニトロベンゾ酸, DNTB)を入れて、このプレートにHX107Mと天麻抽出物をそれぞれ5.83mg/mLと0.83mg/mL加え処理した後、このプレートにマウスから得た上澄み液を添加した後、室温で遮光状態を維持しながら10分間反応した。反応の終わったマイクロプレートは、405nmにおける吸光度を2分間隔で40分間測定した。その結果、天麻抽出物はAChE活性抑制効果があらわれなかったが、HX107Mの場合、40.35%のAChE活性抑制効果を示した(図1)。
血行改善の用途としてよく知られた生薬のうち小葉麥門冬または鬱金を、HX107Mに追加的に混合して、HX107MのAChE抑制活性に影響を及ぼすかどうか測定した。最終的に、前記候補群のうち、本発明の組成物の安全性に寄与でき、毒性緩和機能を追加的に保有する小葉麥門冬を選定して、製造例3で調製した混合抽出物No.5をHX107Nと命名した。
HX107Nと丹参抽出を利用してAChE活性に対する比較実験を以下のように行った。実験動物として5週齢の雄性ICRマウス(Orient Bio, 大韓民国)を購入して、一週間の適応期間を維持した。生体内AChE活性抑制効果を比較するために、対照群(Donepezil 1mg/kg)、HX107N(200mg/kg)、または丹参抽出物(50mg/kg)をそれぞれのマウス(各群当り3匹)に1回経口投与した。それぞれの物質を投与した後、6時間目に海馬を分離した後、1Mリン酸緩衝液(PH8.0)を利用して均質化し、均質液を得た。得られた均質液の生体内AChE活性は、Amplex red assay kit(Molecular probe, USA)を利用して測定した。その結果、丹参抽出物の場合、AChE活性抑制効果が観察されなかった反面、HX107Nの場合、約64.4%のAChE活性抑制効果が観察された(図3)。
実験動物として雄性スプラーグドーリー(Sprague−Dawley)ラット60匹(Samtako Bio Korea, 大韓民国)を購入して、7日間順化させた。全ての実験動物は、恒温、恒湿が可能なケージで12時間採光、12時間遮光の条件で水と飼料を自由に摂取するようにした。60匹を1群10匹ずつの6群に分け、4週間、HX107N(10、100、及び200mg/kg)、対照群として紅参(150mg/kg)(韓国人参公社、 大韓民国)、または食塩水(Saline)を各経口投与した。以後、アミロイドベータタンパク質(amyloid−β1−42 peptide)(Sigma, USA)をラットの脳室内に2.2nM濃度で定位装置を利用して注入することにより、痴呆を誘導した。一週間後、空間記憶及び学習能力を評価するために、水中迷路試験を行った。まず、円形水槽に仮想の四分面を作って、1つの四分面の中央に逃避台(platform)を置いて、不透明な液体を満たして見えないようにした。5日間、1日2回ずつ出発点を異にして、逃避台まで到達する時間(escape latency)を測定して、記憶程度を評価した。最大制限時間は90秒にして、その時間まで逃避台を探せなかった動物は、逃避台上に15秒間維持させて位置を認識できるようにした。最後の試験が終わった後、逃避台を除去して、動物を水槽に入れて30秒間逃避台のあった四分面にとどまる時間を測定する探針試験(probe test)を行った。その結果、アミロイドベータタンパク質の脳室内投与により、各動物が空間に対する学習及び記憶力に損傷を受けたことが確認された。しかし、HX107Nを200mg/kgの濃度で4週間投与した群では、このような学習及び記憶力損傷を有意に低減させることが確認された。
#: p<0.05、 ##:p<0.01
*: p<0.05 vs non−treated group
実験動物として雄性スプラーグドーリー(Sprague−Dawley)ラット60匹(Samtako Bio Korea, 大韓民国)を購入して、7日間順化させた。全ての実験動物は、恒温、恒湿が可能なケージで12時間採光、12時間遮光の条件で水と飼料を自由に摂取するようにした。60匹を1群10匹ずつの6群に分けて4週間HX107N(10、100、及び200mg/kg)、対照群として紅参(150mg/kg)(韓国人参公社, 大韓民国)、または食塩水(Saline)を各経口投与した。以後、アミロイドベータタンパク質(amyloid−β1−42 peptide)をラットの脳室内に2.2nM濃度で定位装置を利用して注入することにより、痴呆を誘導した。一週間後、記憶能力を評価するために、受動回避試験を行った。その結果、最大300秒の制限時間内で、何も処理しなかった群は、205.12±34.69秒、アミロイドベータタンパク質を脳室内に注入した群は、93.48±32.82秒を示し、アミロイドベータタンパク質により記憶能力の減退を起こしたことが確認された。これに比べ、HX107Nの100mg/kg濃度処理群は、190.90±30.26秒、200mg/kg処理群は、201.05±25.84秒であって、有意な記憶力改善効果を示した(図5)。
行動学的検査の終わったラットは、ジエチルエステルで麻酔した後、腹腔を開けて心臓を通じて塩水で灌流した。以後、脳を摘出して、10%中性の緩衝用ホルマリンに固定させた後、ヘマトキシリン&エオシン染色を通じて海馬部位の神経細胞の退化程度を観察した。その結果、アミロイドベータタンパク質で脳室内処理した群では、何も処理しなかった群に比べ、海馬の歯状核部位の記憶に係わるピラミッド細胞(pyramidal cell)の退化が観察された。HX107Nを200mg/kg濃度で4週間投与した群では、その損傷程度が軽かった(図6)。
Claims (13)
- 竜眼肉2.9質量部〜5.4質量部、丹参0.1質量部〜3質量部、及び天麻0.1質量部〜4質量部の混合物の抽出物を有効成分として含む、神経疾患(neurological disease)の予防、改善、または治療用組成物。
- 前記神経疾患は、退行性神経疾患または精神疾患から構成された群から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記退行性神経疾患は、痴呆(dementia)、アルツハイマー病、ハンチントン病、パーキンソン病、及び筋萎縮性側索硬化症から構成された群から選択される神経性疾患であることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 前記精神疾患は、うつ病、精神分裂病、及び心的外傷後ストレス障害から構成された群から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 前記抽出物は、熱水抽出物であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 竜眼肉2.9質量部〜5.4質量部、丹参0.1質量部〜3質量部、及び天麻0.1質量部〜4質量部の混合物の抽出物を有効成分として含む、頭脳または認知機能の増進のための組成物。
- 前記頭脳または認知機能は、学習能力、記憶能力、または集中力であることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物は、記憶力減退改善用であることを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の組成物。
- 前記混合物は、血行改善用植物として、麥門冬、鬱金、センキュウ、当帰、桃仁、紅花、牛膝、蘇木、乳香、益母草、姜黄、三稜、ソウカクシ、及び沒薬から構成された群から選択される植物を追加的に含むことを特徴とする、請求項1または6に記載の組成物。
- 前記血行改善用植物は、麥門冬または鬱金であることを特徴とする、請求項9に記載の組成物。
- 前記麥門冬は、麥門冬(Liriope platyphylla)または小葉麥門冬(Ophiopogon japonicas)であることを特徴とする、請求項10に記載の組成物。
- 前記血行改善用植物は、体内投与時、解毒作用をすることを特徴とする、請求項9に記載の組成物。
- 前記抽出物は、熱水抽出物であることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の組成物。
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