JP5804707B2 - 神経変性疾患治療のためのαシヌクレインのミモトープ及びそれらのワクチン - Google Patents
神経変性疾患治療のためのαシヌクレインのミモトープ及びそれらのワクチン Download PDFInfo
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Description
国際公開第2004/041067号パンフレットは、α-シヌクレイン断片の使用を含む、α-シヌクレインの凝集に関連する疾患の予防又は治療の手段及び方法を開示する。
米国特許出願2003/166558号公報は、タンパク質堆積物に対する免疫反応の誘導に用いられ得るペプチドが開示されている。
米国特許出願2005/198694号公報は、少なくとも100アミノ酸を含み、1から23アミノ酸のC末端が欠失しているα-シヌクレイン断片に関する。
(X1)nX2X3PVX4X5X6(X7)m (式1)
(ここで、
X1は、いかなるアミノ酸残基であってもよく、
X2は、アミノ酸残基がアスパラギン酸(D)及びグルタミン酸(E)からなる群から選択され、
X3は、いかなるアミノ酸残基であってもよく、
X4は、いかなるアミノ酸残基であってもよく、
X5は、プロリン(P)及びアラニン(A)からなる群から選択されるアミノ酸残基であり、
X6は、アスパラギン酸(D)及びグルタミン酸(E)からなる群から選択されるアミノ酸残基 であり、
X7は、いかなるアミノ酸残基であってもよく、
n及びmは、独立して、0又は0より大きい整数であり、
及び
式Iのアミノ酸配列が、アミノ酸配列DMPVDPDNを有するα-シヌクレインの8量体ポリペプチドと同一又はその断片を含まない)
の少なくとも1つの化合物の使用に関連する。
また、本発明のミモトープは、特に免疫アッセイ及びキットといった様々なアッセイ及びキットに用いられ得る。それゆえ、ミモトープは他のペプチド又はポリペプチドの一部であることが特に好ましく、特に免疫アッセイにおいてレポーターとして用いられる酵素であることである。そのようなレポーター酵素は、例えば、アルカリホスファターゼ又は西洋ワサビペルオキシダーゼを含む。
本発明におけるアミノ酸残基の略語はIUPAC推奨に従う:
本発明の他の好ましい態様としては、X2は、グルタミン酸であり、ここで該グルタミン酸はまたピログルタミン酸に誘導されうる。X2がピログルタミン酸を含む場合には、X1は0である。
本発明のさらなる好ましい態様としては、X3は、グルタミン(Q)、セリン(S)、スレオニン(T)、アルギニン(R)、アスパラギン(N)、バリン(V)、ヒスチジン(H)、メチオニン(M)、チロシン(Y)、アラニン(A)及びロイシン(L)からなる群から選択されるアミノ酸残基である。
また、本発明の化合物は、7ないし16アミノ酸残基を含むポリペプチドの一部であり得る。したがって、n及びmは、独立して、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、20、及び25からなるから群から選択される整数でありうる。
本発明の化合物(ミモトープ)及び医薬的に許容される担体を含むワクチンは、例えば、皮内、静注、腹腔内、筋肉内、鼻腔内、経口、皮下等のあらゆる適切な投与様式、及びあらゆる適切な送達装置(O'Hagan et al., Nature Reviews, Drug Discovery 2 (9), (2003), 727-735)により投与されうる。本発明の化合物は、好ましくは、静脈内、皮下、皮内、又は筋肉内投与(例えば「Handbook of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Formulations」, Sarfaraz Niazi, CRC Press Inc, 2004参照)のために製剤化される。
本発明の他の側面としては、本発明は、(C)DQPVLPD、(C)DMPVLPD、(C)DSPVLPD、(C)DSPVWAE、(C)DTPVLAE、(C)DQPVLPDN、(C)DMPVLPDN、(C)DSPVLPDN、(C)DQPVTAEN、(C)DSPVWAEN、(C)DTPVLAEN、(C)HDRPVTPD、(C)DRPVTPD、(C)DVPVLPD、(C)DTPVYPD、(C)DTPVIPD、(C)HDRPVTPDN、(C)DRPVTPDN、(C)DNPVHPEN、(C)DVPVLPDN、(C)DTPVYPDN、(C)DTPVIPDN、(C)DQPVLPDG、(C)DMPVLPDG、(C)DSPVLPDG、(C)DSPVWAEG、(C)DRPVAPEG、(C)DHPVHPDS、(C)DMPVSPDR、(C)DSPVPPDD、(C)DQPVYPDI、(C)DRPVYPDI、(C)DHPVTPDR、(C)EYPVYPES、(C)DTPVLPDS、(C)DMPVTPDT、(C)DAPVTPDT、(C)DSPVVPDN、(C)DLPVTPDR、(C)DSPVHPDT、(C)DAPVRPDS、(C)DMPVWPDG、(C)DAPVYPDG、(C)DRPVQPDR、(C)YDRPVQPDR、(C)DMPVDPEN、(C)DMPVDADN、DQPVLPD(C)、DMPVLPD(C)、(C)EMPVDPDN、及び(C)DNPVHPEからなる群から選択されるアミノ酸配列を有するペプチドに関する。
本発明の他の側面は、本発明の少なくとも1つのペプチドを含む医薬組成物、好ましくはワクチンに関してであり、それは(C)DQPVLPD、(C)DMPVLPD、(C)DSPVLPD、(C)DSPVWAE、(C)DTPVLAE、(C)DQPVLPDN、(C)DMPVLPDN、(C)DSPVLPDN、(C)DQPVTAEN、(C)DSPVWAEN、(C)DTPVLAEN、(C)HDRPVTPD、(C)DRPVTPD、(C)DVPVLPD、(C)DTPVYPD、(C)DTPVIPD、(C)HDRPVTPDN、(C)DRPVTPDN、(C)DNPVHPEN、(C)DVPVLPDN、(C)DTPVYPDN、(C)DTPVIPDN、(C)DQPVLPDG、(C)DMPVLPDG、(C)DSPVLPDG、(C)DSPVWAEG、(C)DRPVAPEG、(C)DHPVHPDS、(C)DMPVSPDR、(C)DSPVPPDD、(C)DQPVYPDI、(C)DRPVYPDI、(C)DHPVTPDR、(C)EYPVYPES、(C)DTPVLPDS、(C)DMPVTPDT、(C)DAPVTPDT、(C)DSPVVPDN、(C)DLPVTPDR、(C)DSPVHPDT、(C)DAPVRPDS、(C)DMPVWPDG、(C)DAPVYPDG、(C)DRPVQPDR、(C)YDRPVQPDR、(C)DMPVDPEN、(C)DMPVDADN、DQPVLPD(C)、DMPVLPD(C)、(C)EMPVDPDN、及び(C)DNPVHPEからなる群から選択される。
本発明の医薬組成物は、あらゆるシヌクレイノパチーの治療において用いられ得、ここでそれは、例えば皮下、静脈内及び/又は筋肉内投与のためのワクチンに製剤されうる。
ミモトープは、同定され、及びさらに、モノクローナル抗体(ヒトα-シヌクレイン・タンパク質のアミノ酸115-122位)及びペプチドライブラリーによって特徴づけられる。
融合「AFFiRiS 3」から誘導されたモノクローナル抗体:Balb/cマウスを、BTG(ウシチログロブリン)及びCFA(完全フロイントアジュバント;最初の注入)並びにIFA(不完全フロイントアジュバント;3回の追加免疫の注射)をアジュバントとして結合した原α-シヌクレインエピトープC-DMPVDPDNにより免疫化した。DMPVDPDN-ペプチド特異的抗体産生ハイブリドーマがELISA(DMPVDPDN-ペプチド-コーティングELISAプレート)により検出された。ヒトα-シヌクレイン(遺伝子組換えタンパク質)をポジティブコントロールペプチドとして用いた:ペプチド及び全長α-シヌクレインの両方に特異的に結合するため、ELISAプレートに固定された遺伝子組換えタンパク質を認識するハイブリドーマが含まれる。ヒトβ-シヌクレイン(遺伝子組換えタンパク質)は、ネガティブコントロールペプチドとして用いた:2つの異なるシヌクレイン・タンパク質を区別しないため、ELISAプレートに固定された遺伝子組換えタンパク質を認識するハイブリドーマは含まれない。
この実施例において用いたファージディスプレーライブラリーは、Ph.D. 7: New England BioLabs E8102L(直線7量体ライブラリー)、及びPh.D. 12: New England BioLabs E8111L(直線12量体ライブラリー)である。ファージ提示法は、製造者のプロトコール(www.neb.com)に従い行った。
2又は3の連続のピックアップにより、1つのファージクローンを選択し、及びファージ上清を、ピックアップ過程において用いた抗体でコーティングしたプレートで、ELISAにかけた。このELISAにおいて陽性(標的は強いシグナルを示したが、非特異的コントロールはシグナルを示さなかった)であったファージクローンの配列を決定した。DNA配列から、ペプチド配列を推定した。ペプチドを合成し、及びELISAにより結合性及び阻害性により特徴づけた。いくつかのペプチドには追加のアミノ酸がC末端に結合している。加えて、スクリーニングにおいて同定したミモトープの結合配列情報から、いくつかの新規なミモトープを作製した。新規にデザインされたミモトープを含むいずれの群も、ミモトープのワクチン化のためのコンセンサス配列の同定のサポートとして用いた。
ファージ提示法並びにそれらのC末端延長変異体から誘導されたペプチドをBSAに結合し、ELISAプレート(それぞれの図に示す通り1μM)に結合させ、続いて、同定されたペプチドの結合能の分析のためのスクリーニングプロセスに用いたモノクローナル抗体中で培養した。
2. インビトロにおける結合阻害アッセイ(ELISA)
スクリーニングプロセスにおいて用いたモノクローナル抗体とともに、ファージディスプレーから得られた量の異なるペプチド(それぞれ図に示す通り、濃度範囲40μgないし0.3μg(段階希釈))を培養した。ELISAプレートにコーティングした原ヒトα-シヌクレインエピトープ(アミノ酸:ヒトα-シヌクレイン・タンパク質におけるタンパク質)に結合する抗体の量を減少させるペプチドを、このアッセイにおいて阻害することであるとする。
1. インビボにおけるミモトープの試験
阻害並びに非阻害性ペプチドをKLHに結合させ、適切なアジュバント(水酸化アルミニウム)とともにマウス(野生型C57/Bl6マウス;脇腹への皮下注射)に注入した。動物は、隔週の間隔で4-6回ワクチン化し、血清も隔週で採取した。各血清について、注入ペプチド並びに無関係なペプチドの抗体価を決定した。それぞれ血清3から始め、遺伝子組換えヒトα-シヌクレイン・タンパク質、及び遺伝子組換えヒトβ-シヌクレインの抗体価を決定した。原ヒトα-シヌクレインエピトープ(アミノ酸115-122位)に対して、集めた血清を試験した。一般に、血清の分析は、ペプチドをウシ血清アルブミン(BSA)に結合し、ELISAプレートに固定した遺伝子組換え全長タンパク質と反応させることにより行われる。抗体価は、抗マウスIgG特異的抗体を用いて決定した。結果の詳細は図4、及び図5に示す。
α-syn交差反応性を示す選択された血清もマウス脳断片のインサイチュにおけるヒトα-synの検出能の試験を行った。詳細な結果は図6参照。
3. 結果
3.1. α-シヌクレイン特異的mABの同定:
図1は、融合AFFiRiS 3に由来するα-シヌクレイン特異的モノクローナル抗体AFFiRiS3/9(内部名「A509」;IgG1)の特徴を示す。
3.2. α-シヌクレイン特異的mABによるスクリーニング:
3.2.1. ファージディスプレーライブラリーPh.D. 7、及び12
3.2.1.1. DMPVDPDNに対するモノクローナル抗体のスクリーニング
PhD7及びPhD12ファージディスプレーライブラリーをスクリーニングし、このスクリーニングにより、51配列が同定された:表1は、ペプチドの同定及び原エピトープと比較したそれらの結合能の概略を示す。
3.3. インビトロにおける、α-シヌクレインに対するモノクローナル抗体のファージディスプレーライブラリーによるスクリーニングによって同定されたミモトープの特徴:
図2及び3は、インビトロにおける結合及び阻害アッセイの代表例を示す。得られたデータは、それぞれ表1及び2に概説する。
インビトロにおける競合阻害試験において、51配列のうち29配列がα-シヌクレイン特異的モノクローナル抗体の結合を阻害した。残りの22配列はインビトロにおける競合阻害試験において、α-シヌクレイン特異的モノクローナル抗体の結合を阻害しなかったが、なお、親抗体に対する結合能は保っていた。
弱い阻害は、AB結合を低下させるのに、原エピトープよりも多くのペプチドが必要であることを意味する;強い阻害は、AB結合を低下させるのに、原エピトープと近い量のペプチドが必要であることを意味する。原ペプチドを標準としてミモトープと比較した。アッセイにおいて用いた40μgのペプチドによるODを、原ペプチドと比較して競合阻害能を計算するのに用いた。
雌C57/Bl6マウス各群5-6匹を、KLHに結合させたペプチド30μgで皮下注射により免疫化した。コントロール群はp4448-KLH結合体を投与した。アジュバントとしてはアラムを用いた(全て1mg/マウス)。投与したペプチドは、全て、モノクローナル抗体のヒトα-シヌクレイン特異的結合部位であるアミノ酸配列115-122位に結合することができたが、いくつかのペプチドは、その親抗体の原エピトープへの結合をインビトロで阻害しなかった(インビトロ結合阻害アッセイ)。インビトロのELISAアッセイによる抗体価の決定は、単独のマウスの血清又は集めた血清(図5参照)により、それぞれのワクチン接種2週間経過後に行った(図4及び5をそれぞれ参照)。ELISAプレートのウェルは、ミモトープ-BSA結合体及び無関係なペプチド-BSA結合体(ネガティブコントロール)によりコーティングした。ポジティブコントロールは、親抗体をミモトープ-BSA結合体と反応させて行った。検出は、抗マウスIgGで行った。さらに、遺伝子組換えタンパク質をELISAプレートに固定し、血清を反応させた。
繰り返しのワクチン接種後、C57/Bl6マウスにおいて試験した全てのミモトープについて、個々の注入したペプチドに反応する抗体が検出された。加えて、示した4つのうち2つのミモトープ(それぞれ図5及び表1参照)は、ヒトα-シヌクレインと反応し抗体を形成したが、ヒトβ-シヌクレインには反応しなかった。4つのうち2つは遺伝子組換えタンパク質は交差反応性を示さなかった。重要なことは、原エピトープDMPVDPDNは、2つの遺伝子組換えシヌクレイン・タンパク質を区別することなく免疫反応を誘導したことである。
α-syn特異的免疫反応を示すミモトープは、遺伝子組み換えマウス脳組織においてα-syn免疫反応性封入体も認識しうる。図6に示すように、ミモトープによりワクチン接種した動物から得られた血清は、ヒトα-synを過剰発現しているマウスの脳切片に存在するα-syn陽性の構造体を染色しうる。簡単に言うと、ELISAにおいてヒトα-syn陽性反応を示す血清は、免疫組織化学(IHC)に用いられてきた。パラフィンを敷いたマウス脳7μM断片をSuperfrost Plusガラススライドにのせ、IHCにかけた。断片を培養し(PBS中、1:100、及び1:400希釈)、続いて免疫組織化学の標準的プロトコールに従い、VECTASTAIN ABCシステムにより、DAB、及びMOMブロッキング試薬を用いて染色した(すべての反応は、それぞれVector labより入手した市販された試薬を用いて行い、製造者のプロトコールに従って行った)。対比染色は、ヘマトキシリンを用いて行った。スライドをエンテランに載せ、続いて従来からの明視野照明顕微鏡を用いて記載した。シヌクレインの検出には、最終希釈度1/250のヒトα-syn(LB509、Covance)特異的モノクローナル抗体をポジティブコントロールとして用いた
Claims (16)
- シヌクレイノパチーを予防及び/又は治療するための薬剤を生産するための
CDQPVLPD、CDMPVLPD、CDSPVLPD、CDQPVLPDN、CDMPVLPDN、CDSPVLPDN、CHDRPVTPD、CDRPVTPD、CDVPVLPD、CDTPVYPD、CDTPVIPD、CHDRPVTPDN、CDRPVTPDN、CDVPVLPDN、CDTPVYPDN、CDQPVLPDG、CDMPVLPDG、CDSPVLPDG、CDHPVHPDS、CDMPVSPDR、CDRPVYPDI、CDHPVTPDR、CDTPVLPDS、CDMPVTPDT、CDAPVTPDT、CDSPVVPDN、CDLPVTPDR、CDSPVHPDT、CDAPVRPDS、CDMPVWPDG、CDRPVQPDR、CYDRPVQPDR、CDMPVDADN、DQPVLPDC、およびDMPVLPDCからなる群から選択されるアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドを含む
少なくとも1つの化合物の使用。 - シヌクレイノパチーが、レビー小体病(LBDs)、多系統萎縮症(MSA)、および脳内の鉄蓄積を伴うI型神経変性(I型NBIA)からなる群から選択されることにより特徴づけられる請求項1に記載の使用。
- レビー小体病(LBDs)が、パーキンソン病(PD)、痴呆を伴うパーキンソン病(PDD)、及びレビー小体型認知症(DLB)からなる群から選択されることにより特徴づけられる請求項2に記載の使用。
- 化合物が、医薬的に許容される担体に結合していることにより特徴づけられる請求項1ないし3のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 医薬的に許容される担体がKLH(キーホールリンペットヘモシアニン)である請求項4に記載の使用。
- 化合物が静脈内、皮下、皮内又は筋肉内投与のために製剤されることにより特徴づけられる請求項1ないし5のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 化合物が、アジュバントとともに製剤されることにより特徴づけられる請求項1ないし6のいずれかに記載の使用。
- アジュバントが水酸化アルミニウムである請求項7に記載の使用。
- 化合物が薬剤中、0.1ngないし10mg含まれることにより特徴づけられる請求項1ないし8のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 化合物が薬剤中、10ngないし1mg含まれることにより特徴づけられる請求項9に記載の使用。
- 化合物が薬剤中、100ngないし100μg含まれることにより特徴づけられる請求項10に記載の使用。
- CDQPVLPD、CDMPVLPD、CDSPVLPD、CDQPVLPDN、CDMPVLPDN、CDSPVLPDN、CHDRPVTPD、CDRPVTPD、CDVPVLPD、CDTPVYPD、CDTPVIPD、CHDRPVTPDN、CDRPVTPDN、CDVPVLPDN、CDTPVYPDN、CDQPVLPDG、CDMPVLPDG、CDSPVLPDG、CDHPVHPDS、CDMPVSPDR、CDRPVYPDI、CDHPVTPDR、CDTPVLPDS、CDMPVTPDT、CDAPVTPDT、CDSPVVPDN、CDLPVTPDR、CDSPVHPDT、CDAPVRPDS、CDMPVWPDG、CDRPVQPDR、CYDRPVQPDR、CDMPVDADN、DQPVLPDC、およびDMPVLPDCからなる群から選択されるアミノ酸配列からなるペプチド。
- ペプチドが医薬的に許容される担体と結合していることにより特徴づけられる請求項12に記載のペプチド。
- 医薬的に許容される担体がKLH(キーホールリンペットヘモシアニン)である請求項13に記載のペプチド。
- 請求項12ないし14のいずれかに記載の少なくとも1つのペプチドを含む医薬製剤。
- ワクチンである請求項15に記載の医薬製剤。
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