JP5768977B2 - 放射性廃液を閉じ込めるためのアルミノ‐ホウケイ酸ガラス、及び放射性廃液の処理方法 - Google Patents
放射性廃液を閉じ込めるためのアルミノ‐ホウケイ酸ガラス、及び放射性廃液の処理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 37
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 35
- 239000010808 liquid waste Substances 0.000 title claims description 32
- 239000005407 aluminoborosilicate glass Substances 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000004017 vitrification Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 rare earth nitrate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- OERNJTNJEZOPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium nitrate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O OERNJTNJEZOPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 229910000310 actinide oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
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- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 18
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Inorganic materials [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000009919 sequestration Effects 0.000 description 3
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000156 glass melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000439 uranium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017493 Nd 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WZECUPJJEIXUKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[U+6] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[U+6] WZECUPJJEIXUKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007970 homogeneous dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002926 intermediate level radioactive waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdate Chemical compound [O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003608 radiolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/04—Treating liquids
- G21F9/06—Processing
- G21F9/16—Processing by fixation in stable solid media
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/089—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron
- C03C3/091—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron containing aluminium
- C03C3/093—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron containing aluminium containing zinc or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/089—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/095—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing rare earths
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C4/00—Compositions for glass with special properties
- C03C4/20—Compositions for glass with special properties for chemical resistant glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/28—Treating solids
- G21F9/30—Processing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/28—Treating solids
- G21F9/30—Processing
- G21F9/301—Processing by fixation in stable solid media
- G21F9/302—Processing by fixation in stable solid media in an inorganic matrix
- G21F9/305—Glass or glass like matrix
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Description
‐ 瀝青は放射線に対する安定性が低く、特に、放射線分解による水素の発生のために、徐々に、被覆された物質の膨張をもたらす。
‐ 火災のいかなるリスクも回避するために、被覆された物質の生産段階において、瀝青固化装置の動作範囲はきわめて制限される。実際、瀝青で被覆された物質の生産時には発熱反応が起こり得るので、それら発熱反応はできる限り最善のコントロールがなされなければならない。
‐ 瀝青の機械的強度は、それらの強いクリープのためにきわめて低い。
‐ 《MAD》廃液の活性を考慮に入れると、この母材によって生じる廃棄物の体積は著しく大きい。
‐ 被覆後、廃棄物の体積は2倍になる。
‐ セメントは変化する素材であり、廃棄物とセメントの構成物質が相互に影響し合う恐れがあることは明白である。これは、母材の水和作用を乱す恐れがあり、従って得られた材料の寿命に影響を与える。
‐ 後のセメントとの相互作用を制限するために、廃棄物は、前処理を施されなければならない。
‐ ガラスがもたらす異質な要素の許容可能な比率は限定され、また、廃液及び微粒子の焼成による焼成物である、ガラス中の装填物は、通常は極めて小さいままである。
‐ ガラスは準安定物質である。
‐前述の標準溶液は、規定の名目上の廃棄物組み込みレベル12%を求めて、標準ガラスフリットと共にガラス固化される(実施例1)。
‐ナトリウムに富む溶液は、フリットの形状をしたガラス固化補助剤と共に処理される(実施例2)。
‐ナトリウムの少ない溶液は、粉末状のガラス固化補助剤と共に処理される(実施例3)。
〔実施例1〕
その生産温度は1220℃である。
Claims (16)
- 中レベル放射性廃液を閉じ込めたアルミノ‐ホウケイ酸ガラスであって、ガラスの全質量に基づく質量%で表された次の組成物を有することを特徴とし、
a) SiO2:45〜52
b) B2O3:12〜16.5
c) Na2O:11〜15
d) Al2O3:4〜13
e) 遷移元素酸化物及びプラチノイドから選択された少なくとも1種の遷移元素(ETR):0〜5.25
f) レアアース酸化物及びアクチニド酸化物から選択された少なくとも1種の希土類元素(TRA):0〜3.5
g) ZrO2:0〜4
h) 廃液を構成する他の元素AUT:0〜4
更に前記ガラスの組成物は、以下の不等式を満たし、
(1) SiO2+Al2O3<61%
(2) 71%<SiO2+B2O3+Na2O<80.5%
(3) B2O3/Na2O>0.9
(4) 0.7 Al2O3−ETR<5%
(5) Al2O3/ETR>2.5
(6) 0.127(B2O3+Na2O)>AUT
式中のSiO2,Al2O3,B2O3,Na2O,ETR,AUTはガラスの質量合計に基づく質量%で表されることを特徴とする、アルミノ‐ホウケイ酸ガラス。
- 廃液を構成するその他の元素(AUT)は次の酸化物: SO3,P2O5,MoO3,BaOからなることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のガラス。
- 質量%で表される以下の組成を有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のアルミノ‐ホウケイ酸ガラスを生産するためのガラス固化補助剤。
- ガラスフリットの形状をしていることを特徴とする請求項3に記載のガラス固化補助剤。
- 粉末状の酸化化合物であることを特徴とする、請求項3に記載のガラス固化補助剤。
- 中レベル放射性廃液を処理するための方法であって、
焼成物を得るために、前記廃液の焼成が行われ、次に前記焼成物にガラス固化補助剤が添加され、ガラス溶解を行うために、前記焼成物及び前記ガラス固化補助剤を冷却坩堝内で溶融し、次いで前記溶解されたガラスが冷却され、それによって請求項1に記載されたアルミノ‐ホウケイ酸ガラスが得られることを特徴とする中レベル放射性廃液を処理するための方法。 - 前記中レベル放射性廃液は以下の元素を以下の含有量で含み、前記元素の含有量の合計は 30g/Lから154.7g/Lである、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記放射性廃液は下記の元素を下記の含有量で含み、前記元素の含有量の合計は93.35g/Lである、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記廃液の焼成において、焼成補助剤が添加されることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の中レベル放射性廃液を処理するための方法。
- 焼成補助剤は硝酸アルミニウム、硝酸鉄、硝酸ジルコニウム、硝酸レアアース、またはその混合物から選択されることを特徴とする請求項6から9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 焼成補助剤は、硝酸アルミニウムと硝酸鉄との混合物であることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の方法。
- Na2O/(焼成物中の酸化物の和) 比率は0.3以下であることを特徴とする請求項7から11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- ガラス固化補助剤は請求項3から5のうちいずれか1項に記載されたものであることを特徴とする請求項7から12のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 焼成物及びガラス固化補助剤の溶融は、1200℃から1300℃の温度で行われることを特徴とする、請求項7から13のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記遷移元素酸化物はFe 2 O 3 , Cr 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , TcO 2 のいずれかであり、前記プラチノイドはRuO 2 , Rh, Pdのいずれかであることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の中レベル放射性廃液を閉じ込めるためのアルミノ‐ホウケイ酸ガラス。
- 前記焼成補助剤の、硝酸アルミニウムと硝酸鉄との混合物の酸化物含有量の質量比率は0.66<Al 2 O 3 /(Al 2 O 3 +Fe 2 O 3 )<1であることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の方法。
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