JP5715150B2 - エーロゲル複合材ならびにその製造および使用方法 - Google Patents
エーロゲル複合材ならびにその製造および使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5715150B2 JP5715150B2 JP2012541136A JP2012541136A JP5715150B2 JP 5715150 B2 JP5715150 B2 JP 5715150B2 JP 2012541136 A JP2012541136 A JP 2012541136A JP 2012541136 A JP2012541136 A JP 2012541136A JP 5715150 B2 JP5715150 B2 JP 5715150B2
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- PRODGEYRKLMWHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxy(2-phenylethyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[SiH](OCC)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 PRODGEYRKLMWHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004794 expanded polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- UQEAIHBTYFGYIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisiloxane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C UQEAIHBTYFGYIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N shellac Chemical compound OCCCCCC(O)C(O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O.C1C23[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC2[C@](C)(CO)[C@@H]1C(C(O)=O)=C[C@@H]3O ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VTHOKNTVYKTUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-(3-triethoxysilylpropyltetrasulfanyl)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCSSSSCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC VTHOKNTVYKTUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WILBTFWIBAOWLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl(triethylsilyloxy)silane Chemical compound CC[Si](CC)(CC)O[Si](CC)(CC)CC WILBTFWIBAOWLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005051 trimethylchlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N triton Chemical compound [3H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
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- C04B14/064—Silica aerogel
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
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- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
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- B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
- B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
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- C04B14/301—Oxides other than silica porous or hollow
- C04B14/302—Aerogels
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/10—Lime cements or magnesium oxide cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00439—Physico-chemical properties of the materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00465—Heat conducting materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/40—Porous or lightweight materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/52—Sound-insulating materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/70—Grouts, e.g. injection mixtures for cables for prestressed concrete
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B80/00—Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
- Y02B80/10—Insulation, e.g. vacuum or aerogel insulation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Porous Artificial Stone Or Porous Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
試料を調製するために、水を、混合羽根よりも若干大きい直径のI/2ガロンのプラスチック容器に加え、次いでバインダ(SAKRET Trockenbaustoffe Europa GmbH & Co. KG(Otto-von-Guericke-Ring 3, D-65205 Wiesbaden、独国)製造のFugenweissグラウト配合物)およびNanogel aerogel TLD302を加えた。他の成分は用いていない。この複合材を、約3分間混合し、次いで容積が矩形の型中に注いだ。用いた量は、下記の表IAおよび1B中に示した。
表IIA中に示されたように、ガラス繊維を含まない試料を、上記の例1に従って作製した。繊維を含む試料の場合には、典型的には200gのDI水、100gのNanogel aerogel TLD302および20gのバインダ(特に断りのない限り、上記のFugenwiessグラウト配合品)を、2Lの混合容器に加えた。らせん型付属品を付けたドリルを用いて、合計3分間、1分間の低速(1000rpm)および2分間の高速(3000rpm)で混合した。混合されたら、結果として得られたペースト状の混合物を、1ガロンのプラスチック製容器に移し、そして10〜50gのBelcotex(登録商標)6mmガラス繊維(Lauscha Fiber International Corp.(サウスカロライナ州、サマーヴィル)から得た)を50gのDI水と共に加えた。この混合物を、ドリルおよびらせん型付属品で、1分間、低速(1000rpm)で混合した。
上記の2aおよび2bのような試料で、燃焼試験を行った。1つの例では、複合材を、上記の2aで調製した試料から小さい断片に切断することによって調製し、そして燃焼試験を行って、図IAおよびIB中に、視覚的に示した。具体的には、4インチ×4インチの寸法を有する板を、クレヨンまたは花を支えるために用いた。この板の底面をブンゼンバーナーによって生成される裸火によって加熱した。このクレヨンおよび花は、(i)3分間または(ii)5〜10分間の加熱の後も、損なわれなかった。この試験の間に、このクレヨンは、溶融せず、またこの花は、損傷を受けなかった。このことは、自立性複合材の絶縁性能を示しているだけでなく、炎の下でのその性能ならびに炎およびそれに伴う高温に長い時間に亘って耐える能力もまた示している。(対照的に、同様の熱的性質を備えたポリマー発泡体、例えばポリウレタン発泡体は、プロパン炎の下で燃焼する。)更に、炎を取り去った後の板自体の検査では、図1C中に示されているように、20mm厚さの複合材の上面には損傷は認められなかった。
試料2hについて、試料は上記のように調製し、そして機械加工ならびに、上記のような最終使用用途のための、本発明によって作られた試料の適正を試験するために設計された他の操作に付した。
試料を、以下のポリマーおよびセルロース系の繊維を用いて調製した:CPINE(登録商標)繊維(Weyerhaueser Co.(ニューハンプシャー州、ナシュア)のセルロース系繊維);Createch(登録商標) TC750(CreaFill Fibers Corp.(メリーランド州、チェスタータウン)のセルロース系繊維);およびTrevira(登録商標)255(Trevira GmbH(独国、Bobingen)のポリマー系繊維)。CPINE(登録商標)は、シートで供給されるので、このシートを水中に浸漬し、そして次いで使用の前に、振とう機中に置いて繊維を分離した。
低温用途用の複合材の性能を調べるために実験を行った。試料を、高せん断プロセスによって調製し、ここでは200gの量の水および20gの量のFugenweissグラウト配合品(バインダ)を、プラスチック容器中で混合した。100gの量のNanogel(登録商標)型のエーロゲル(TLD302の名称)を、加え、そして動力ドリルの先端の、5ガロンペイル缶塗料撹拌羽根で混合した。この混合物を、アルミニウム型中に注ぎ、一晩圧縮し、そして乾燥した。熱伝導度試験を、ASTM C177標準に従って実施した。熱伝導度を測定した最も低い温度は、−164℃であった。これらの結果を図3中に示したが、ここで記載したようなエーロゲル複合材は、低温または極低温環境、例えばLNGポンプ送液もしくは輸送に好適な絶縁を提供する用途を見出すことができることを示している。
また、エーロゲル複合材の音響的性質を検討するために実験を行った。試料(低密度および高密度)を、例2中に詳述した標準法によって調製した。
また、せん断および/または混合装置の、本複合材の性質への影響を調べるためにいくつかの実験を行った。用いた成分および形成された本複合材の性質の詳細は、表VAおよびVB中に示した。全ての場合において、バインダは、Fugenweissグラウト配合品であった。
また、より大規模な実験を行なった。最初の試験は、プラスチック製5ガロンのペール缶(底面全体で10インチ、そして上面で11インチ)中で、標準的な低密度複合材配合(上記の表IICおよびIIDを参照)の5倍であった。混合物の体積は、良好な混合を確実にするほど多くはなく、そのため体積を、7.5倍に増加させた。用いた最初の混合羽根(4インチ)は、より小さいバッチで用いたのと同じ混合羽根であった。この羽根は、全体の複合材を同時に混合するには適当ではなかった(おそらく十分に大きくはなかった)。更に、エーロゲル粒子に十分なせん断を与えるとは見えず、粒子の効率的な充填に悪影響を与えると考えられる挙動である。
Claims (17)
- 自立性硬質複合材を製造する方法であって、
(a)エーロゲル粒子とバインダを混合してスラリーを形成すること;
(b)該スラリーを成形すること;および
(c)この成形したスラリーを硬化させること、
を含んでなり、
この硬化プロセスの少なくとも一部は圧縮下に行なわれ、それによって、
23℃1気圧で、50mW/m−K以下の熱伝導度;ならびに、
以下の(i)〜(iii)からなる群から選ばれた1種もしくは2種以上の機械的強度:
(i)0.05MPa超の曲げ強度;
(ii)0.1MPa超の圧縮強度;および
(iii)0.5MPa超の弾性率、
を有する自立性硬質複合材を製造する、方法。 - 前記熱伝導度が、23℃1気圧で、30mW/m−K以下である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記曲げ強度が、0.5MPa超である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記圧縮強度が、0.5MPa超である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記弾性率が、1.3MPa超である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記スラリーが、成型法によって成形される、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記スラリーが、界面活性剤を更に含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記スラリーを、フィラメント状材料と混合することを更に含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記フィラメント状材料が、該フィラメント材料を前記スラリー中に分散させるために行われる混合プロセスの間に維持されるフィラメント長さを有している、請求項8記載の方法。
- 前記バインダが、無機バインダを含む、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記バインダが、バインダ含有組成物として提供される、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記バインダ含有組成物が、グラウト配合物である、請求項11記載の方法。
- 前記自立性硬質複合材が、0.06〜0.5g/cm3の範囲内の密度を有する、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記複合材中に、粒子間空気が、30体積%未満の量で存在する、請求項1〜13のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記スラリーが、型内で成形され、かつ成形されたスラリーが、該スラリーを、5psi〜200psi(34kPa〜1.4MPa)の範囲内の圧力で、下方に圧縮することによって成形される、請求項1〜14のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 圧縮が、液圧プレスを用いて行われる、請求項15記載の方法。
- 前記バインダが、セメント、石灰、石膏およびそれらのいずれかの組み合わせからなる群から選ばれる、請求項1〜16のいずれか1項記載の方法。
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- 2010-11-22 JP JP2012541136A patent/JP5715150B2/ja active Active
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KR101771756B1 (ko) | 2017-08-25 |
EP2504290A2 (en) | 2012-10-03 |
KR20120116944A (ko) | 2012-10-23 |
US20110206471A1 (en) | 2011-08-25 |
EP2504290B1 (en) | 2018-04-25 |
CN105669101A (zh) | 2016-06-15 |
US9102076B2 (en) | 2015-08-11 |
US20160032584A1 (en) | 2016-02-04 |
WO2011066209A2 (en) | 2011-06-03 |
WO2011066209A3 (en) | 2011-08-18 |
JP2013512175A (ja) | 2013-04-11 |
JP6034425B2 (ja) | 2016-11-30 |
CN102725243A (zh) | 2012-10-10 |
JP2015145334A (ja) | 2015-08-13 |
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