JP5712306B2 - 三次元体の製造方法 - Google Patents
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- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
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Description
1.異なる組み合わせの材料特性、材料の温度およびビーム出力のための温度プロファイルおよび関連するビームのパラメータ(スポットサイズおよびビームの速さ)から構成されるデータは、データベースに生成されて格納される。これらのデータは、図2の試験用の直方体と同様の単純な幾何形状に基づくFEM計算により得ることができる。
2.三次元体を製造するために使用される機械装置は、時間依存熱伝導方程式を解くことにより、ビームの軌道(経路)に沿って配置された多数の点の局所的な温度分布をリアルタイムで計算する。方程式の解は、先に融合された(すなわち仮想的に融合された)ハッチング線の温度プロファイルをガウス包絡線を用いて展開することにより得られる。使用されたビームおよび材料のパラメータに対応する温度プロファイルは、データベースから取得される。
3.特定の点におけるビームのパラメータは、計算された局所的な温度分布に応じて選択され、これらは、データベース内の事前に計算されたデータから取得される(これは、計算された温度分布を、事前に計算された使用される材料の温度プロファイルと比較し、計算された分布に最適にあてはまるプロファイルに対応するビームのパラメータを選択することによりなされる)。
4.1本のハッチング線が完了した時点で、線の終端における温度プロファイルもまたガウス関数により近似され、ステップ2および3(すなわち先の2つのステップ)が次のハッチング線に対して繰り返される。
説明した方法にしたがって、溶融プロセスを制御するために要する適切なデータを得るために、熱源が無く、その領域が−∞<x<∞,−∞<y<∞および−∞<z<0である一様な材料における時間依存熱伝導方程式を考える。
式1a.
式1b
式1c
式2a
式3
ビームが1本の線を走査した後の材料内の時間依存性の温度分布T´(x,y,z,t)は、グリーン関数と、式3から得られる初期条件T´(x´,y´,z´)との畳み込みにより得られる。
式4
式5
上式で、tjは線jが完了した際の時間に等しく、Tojは線jが完了した際のスポット周辺の温度、Tj´(x´,y´,z´)は線jの式3による温度分布、および、H(t−tj)はヘヴィサイドの階段関数であり、次のように定義される。
により置き換えなければならない(図6参照)。
式6
Kjは、ハッチング経路jのまっすぐな線分の数である。
(仮想の)ビームがハッチング経路に沿って走査すると、スポット周辺の温度は、ここで式6の式から、および、先のハッチング線の温度プロファイルを予め計算したガウス関数を代入することにより計算できる。
以下のハッチング例において(図7参照)、一定のビーム出力により台形部分が溶融され、ビームの速さが変化されて、一定の溶融深度および溶融幅を有するようにする。意図されるビーム経路とは、ビームが、図7において、左から右へ向かうのに続いて右から左へと方向を変えながら、底部から頂部へ向かって線を走査し始めるというようなものである。
データベース内の速さは、特定のビーム設定(出力およびスポットサイズ)および温度のために最適化されて、溶融深度および溶融幅が全ての線において同じとなるようにする。各ハッチング線の終端において、仮想のビームによって生成された温度プロファイルは、データベースから取得されたガウス関数によりモデル化される。データベースの温度の範囲は、TsurfからTmeltまでとされ、予め計算されたデータの温度ステップは、20Kに設定された。参照テーブル手順が使用されて、最も近い速さ、および、計算された温度のためのガウス関数を選んだ。
Claims (9)
- 連続的に粉末層を与え、前記粉末層の選択された区域を融合することによる三次元体の製造方法であって、この区域は、前記三次元体の連続した横断面に対応し、
前記方法が前記層のうちの少なくとも1層のための以下のステップ、
作業領域上に前記少なくとも1層の粉末層を塗布するステップと、
前記少なくとも1層の粉末層の選択された区域を、放射銃から前記選択された区域にエネルギーを供給することにより融合するステップと、
を備える三次元体の製造方法であって、
前記少なくとも1層の粉末層の前記選択された区域を融合する際に使用される意図されるビーム経路を確立するステップと、
前記意図されるビーム経路に沿って移動すると仮定される仮想のビームの特定のエネルギー付与の関数として、前記意図されるビーム経路に沿った前記少なくとも1層の粉末層内の温度を計算するステップと、
前記計算された温度と、前記選択された区域を前記融合するステップのために設定された条件とに因って、前記意図されるビーム経路に沿った前記仮想のビームの前記特定のエネルギー付与を調整するステップと、
前記計算および前記調整に基づき、前記少なくとも1層の前記選択された区域を融合する際に前記意図されるビーム経路において使用される実際のビームの前記特定のエネルギー付与のための操作スキームを提供するステップと、
前記少なくとも1層の粉末層の前記選択された区域を融合する際に、前記特定のエネルギー付与のための操作スキームを用いるステップと、
を備えることを特徴とする、方法。 - 前記特定のエネルギー付与は、単位時間および単位面積あたりに前記ビームにより付与された前記エネルギーを前記ビームの速さで除したものであり、また、前記特定のエネルギー付与は、ビームの速さ、ビーム出力またはビームスポットサイズのいずれか1つ、またはこれらの組み合わせを変化させることによって変化できることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記方法は、融合される材料に関連する既定のデータセットの使用を備え、前記データセットは、計算された温度および設定された条件の関数として選択される前記特定のエネルギー付与の値を備えることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記融合するステップのための前記設定された条件は、前記少なくとも1層の粉末層に対して次の条件、最大温度、作業温度、溶融深度および溶融幅のうちの1つまたは複数の条件を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1ないし3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記温度を計算するステップは、時間依存熱伝導方程式を解くステップを含むことを特徴とする、請求項1ないし4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記温度を計算するステップは、前記意図されるビーム経路に沿った局所的な温度を計算するステップを含むことを特徴とする、請求項1ないし5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記温度を計算するステップは、前記意図されるビーム経路に沿って配置された多数の点の中または近傍において実行されるいくつかの計算を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1ないし6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 隣接する計算点の間の最大距離は、前記隣接する点の間の前記特定のエネルギー付与の許容される変化のための制限値を設定することにより設定されることを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記意図されるビーム経路を確立するステップは、
複数の取り得るビーム経路に沿って前記温度の計算を行うステップと、
前記複数の取り得るビーム経路の中から前記意図されるビーム経路を選択するステップと、
を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1ないし8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US12005635B2 (en) | 2017-09-06 | 2024-06-11 | Ihi Corporation | Three-dimensional shaping device and three-dimensional shaping method |
US11780159B2 (en) | 2017-10-31 | 2023-10-10 | Ihi Corporation | Additive manufacturing device and additive manufacturing method |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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US9073265B2 (en) | 2015-07-07 |
RU2013112124A (ru) | 2015-03-10 |
KR20130139247A (ko) | 2013-12-20 |
EP2667987A4 (en) | 2017-11-08 |
RU2553796C2 (ru) | 2015-06-20 |
BR112013009155B1 (pt) | 2018-02-06 |
US20130300035A1 (en) | 2013-11-14 |
BR112013009155A2 (pt) | 2016-07-26 |
CN103338880A (zh) | 2013-10-02 |
KR101820553B1 (ko) | 2018-01-19 |
WO2012102655A1 (en) | 2012-08-02 |
CN103338880B (zh) | 2015-04-22 |
EP2667987B1 (en) | 2019-03-06 |
JP2014508668A (ja) | 2014-04-10 |
EP2667987A1 (en) | 2013-12-04 |
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