JP5095917B2 - 三次元製品の製造装置及び製造方法 - Google Patents
三次元製品の製造装置及び製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 42
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
- B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/0288—Controlling heating or curing of polymers during moulding, e.g. by measuring temperatures or properties of the polymer and regulating the process
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Description
1.温度はx方向、及びy方向に一定であり、温度はz方向のみで変化するものと仮定する。言い換えれば、全表面は同一温度であると仮定する。
2.z方向の温度はjLt に従って変化し、ここにjは層の数であり、Ltは層の厚さである。
3.溶解中の温度分布は変化がないものと仮定する。
種々のインデックス
i=最上の層のインデックス
j=1からiまでの層のインデックス
Lt=溶解すべき層の厚さ[m]
Lcont(j)=層jの外形長さ[m]
Apowt(z)=Apow(j) =層jについて粉末に面する面積[m2]
A(z)=A(j) =層j について溶解した全表面積[m2]
λmet =材料の熱伝導率[W/mK]
σmet =金属表面の放射定数[W/m2K]
σmetpow=粉末で覆われた金属表面の放射定数[W/m2K]
σpow =粉末表面についての放射定数[W/m2K]
λpow =粉末の熱伝導率[W/mK]
hpow(Z)=対象物から粉末への伝熱係数[W/m2K]
α=材料によって利用された放射パワーの割合
Tsur(i) =層iが溶解する時、表面に影響を及ぼす周囲の温度(熱遮断上で測定することができる。)
Tpow(z) =粉末内の温度
T(z)=対象物内の温度
Tsurf(i) =T(iLt)= 層iが溶解する時の対象物の表面上の希望する温度(AMAに設定される)
Tbott(i)=層iが開始される前の対象物の底部の温度(かきならす直前に測定され、又は計算される。以下の説明を参照)
これ等の式を代わりの微分式として書き直すと、数3のとおりである。jは各層に対するインデックスである。
Ax=b
この各要素は次の数6のように示される。
hpow(j) のために使用する関数は次のグラフのように表される。
Iik は溶解長さである。
Vik は溶解速度である。
Ttotは層iについての全溶解時間である。
Uは加速電圧である。
上に示した計算のルーチンは全体の粉末層に対して、使用することができる。代案の実施例では、計算は粉末層の種々の一部区域について、行うことができる。上に示した式はこの場合も同様に使用することができる。しかし、溶解した部分に密接する内側端縁では異なる境界条件が得られる。
S=t*Vaverage である。
この距離は時間t′でスピニング曲線の長さに等しくなければならない。従って、次の式6である数18が成立する。
第2工程58では、Tij-cooling をTij-cooling-desired value に比較する。Tij-cooling がTij-cooling-desired value に対し、△Tij-cooling を超過する偏差を有していれば、ビームの操作計画を工程58aで変更する。ビームの操作計画を変更する多くの方法がある。操作計画を変更する一つの方法は区域が余りにも冷却されてしまう前に、ビームにより、これ等の区域を再加熱することである。次に、既に融合している区域の上を低いエネルギー強さ、及び/又は一層高い掃過速度で、放射銃を掃過させることである。
Claims (6)
- 融合する部分は三次元体の順次の断面に対応するものとして、粉末床の選択された区域を順次に互いに融合することによって、三次元体を製造する方法であって、
i) 粉末層を前記粉末床に加える工程と、
ii) 前記粉末層のために決定されている操作計画に従って、前記粉末層内の選択された区域に放射銃からエネルギーを供給することによって、粉末層の前記選択された区域を融合する工程と
を有する、該三次元体の製造方法において、さらに、
iii) 前記選択された区域について、エネルギーバランスを計算する計算工程を有し、
前記計算工程は、前記粉末層内にどのように温度が分布しているかを決定するため、z方向にのみ温度が変化すると仮定して、前記工程ii)中に前記選択された区域に供給されたエネルギーによる熱供給源の項を含みかつ粉末内への熱損失を考慮した熱伝導率式を解き、前記選択された区域における規定された操作温度を維持するのに十分となるエネルギー量がどれくらいになるかを求める工程であることを特徴とする三次元体の製造方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法において、放射銃によってエネルギーが供給される前に、前記エネルギーバランスを計算する場合に、さらに、前記の求めたエネルギー量を前記工程ii)中に供給すべきエネルギーの最大値として設定する工程を有することを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法において、前記工程ii)中に供給されるエネルギーが前記工程iii)で計算した量よりも少ない場合に、さらに、前記選択された区域にエネルギーを追加供給する工程を有することを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1〜3のうちいずれか一項に記載の方法において、さらに、
・前記選択された区域を一組の別個の区域に分割する工程と、
・前記別個の区域のそれぞれに対して、前記工程iii)による該エネルギーバランスを計算する計算工程と、
・前記別個の区域のエネルギーを合計することにより、前記選択された区域を前記画定された操作温度に維持するに十分なエネルギーであるか否かを決定する工程と、
を有する
方法。 - 請求項4記載の方法において、各別個の区域は内部区域と、端縁とを具え、1組の隣接する別個の区域の前記内部区域を第1処理工程において融合し、その後、前記別個の区域の間における前記端縁を融合することを特徴とする方法。
- 三次元製品をその上に構築する作業テーブルと、粉末床を形成するため、前記作業テーブル上に、粉末の薄い層を分散させるように配置された粉末分配器と、前記粉末の融合が次に行われるように、前記粉末にエネルギーを送給する放射銃と、前記粉末床の部分相互を融合させることによって、前記三次元製品の横断面を形成するよう、前記粉末床上に前記放射銃によって放出されたビームを案内する案内手段と、三次元製品を構築する三次元製品の連続する順次の横断面についての情報を記憶する制御コンピュータとを具え、前記三次元体の横断面を形成する操作計画に従って、前記粉末床上に前記放射銃を案内する前記案内手段を制御するように、前記制御コンピュータを構成し、前記粉末分配器によって、順次連続的に形成された横断面の順次連続する融合によって形成される三次元製品を製造する装置において、請求項1〜5のうちいずれか一項に記載の方法によって動作することを特徴とする三次元体の製造装置。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE0203768A SE524432C2 (sv) | 2002-12-19 | 2002-12-19 | Anordning samt metod för framställande av en tredimensionell produkt |
SE0203768-7 | 2002-12-19 | ||
PCT/SE2003/001939 WO2004056511A1 (en) | 2002-12-19 | 2003-12-12 | Arrangement and method for producing a three-dimensional product |
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JP2006511710A JP2006511710A (ja) | 2006-04-06 |
JP5095917B2 true JP5095917B2 (ja) | 2012-12-12 |
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JP2004562183A Expired - Lifetime JP5095917B2 (ja) | 2002-12-19 | 2003-12-12 | 三次元製品の製造装置及び製造方法 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7713454B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1583627B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5095917B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100515620C (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003292910A1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2507696A1 (ja) |
SE (1) | SE524432C2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004056511A1 (ja) |
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US12005636B2 (en) | 2017-10-31 | 2024-06-11 | Ihi Corporation | Additive manufacturing device and additive manufacturing method |
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US12005636B2 (en) | 2017-10-31 | 2024-06-11 | Ihi Corporation | Additive manufacturing device and additive manufacturing method |
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SE524432C2 (sv) | 2004-08-10 |
CN100515620C (zh) | 2009-07-22 |
SE0203768D0 (sv) | 2002-12-19 |
CA2507696A1 (en) | 2004-07-08 |
EP1583627A1 (en) | 2005-10-12 |
CN1729069A (zh) | 2006-02-01 |
US7713454B2 (en) | 2010-05-11 |
JP2006511710A (ja) | 2006-04-06 |
AU2003292910A1 (en) | 2004-07-14 |
EP1583627B1 (en) | 2015-09-30 |
WO2004056511A1 (en) | 2004-07-08 |
SE0203768L (sv) | 2004-06-20 |
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