JP5674220B2 - ナノデバイス及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
ナノデバイス及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5674220B2 JP5674220B2 JP2014502342A JP2014502342A JP5674220B2 JP 5674220 B2 JP5674220 B2 JP 5674220B2 JP 2014502342 A JP2014502342 A JP 2014502342A JP 2014502342 A JP2014502342 A JP 2014502342A JP 5674220 B2 JP5674220 B2 JP 5674220B2
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- electrode
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 56
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- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004050 hot filament vapor deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002230 thermal chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 Si 3 N 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003877 atomic layer epitaxy Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 106
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 41
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 34
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000013545 self-assembled monolayer Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 23
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910004205 SiNX Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000002094 self assembled monolayer Substances 0.000 description 20
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 8
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000004662 dithiols Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004549 pulsed laser deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical class C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000609 electron-beam lithography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FDWREHZXQUYJFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M gold monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Au+] FDWREHZXQUYJFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005428 wave function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910017107 AlOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical group [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005566 electron beam evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-SZSCBOSDSA-N 2-[(1s)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-2h-furan-5-one Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)C1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-SZSCBOSDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000000069 L-ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002211 L-ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005211 alkyl trimethyl ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-NJFSPNSNSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC[14CH3] DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethanedithioic acid Chemical group CCOC(S)=S ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005468 ion implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009740 moulding (composite fabrication) Methods 0.000 description 1
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butylhexane Natural products CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002120 nanofilm Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002070 nanowire Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- KZCOBXFFBQJQHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCS KZCOBXFFBQJQHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
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Description
上記構成において、金属ナノ粒子に電圧を印加するためのゲート電極が、第2の絶縁層上に設けられている。
上記構成において、第2の絶縁層は、SiN、SiO、SiON、Si2O3、Si3N4、SiO2、Al2O3、MgOの何れかでなる。
上記構成において、一方の電極と金属ナノ粒子との間、他方の電極と金属ナノ粒子との間には絶縁膜が介在されており、絶縁膜が、無機材料又は有機材料からなる。
特に、パッシベーション膜を形成する際、絶縁層付き基板を冷却する。
特に、パッシベーション膜は、触媒CVD法、プラズマCVD法、光CVD法、パルスレーザー堆積法、原子層エピタキシー法、熱CVD法の何れかを用いて形成する。
2:第1の絶縁層
3A,3B,4A,4B:金属層
5A:ナノギャップ電極(一方の電極)
5B:ナノギャップ電極(他方の電極)
5C,5D:ゲート電極(サイドゲート電極)
6,6A,6B:自己組織化単分子膜
7:金属ナノ粒子
8:第2の絶縁層
9:自己組織化単分子混合膜(SAM混合膜)
9A:アルカンチオール
10,20:単電子素子
21:ゲート電極(トップゲート電極)
30,60:集積回路
40,62:MOSFET
50,61:単電子素子
31:基板
41:ソース
42:ドレイン
43:第1の絶縁層
43A:第1の絶縁層の下部
43B:第1の絶縁層の上部
44:ゲート電極
45,46,48,49:ビア
51:ソース電極
52:ドレイン電極
53:金属ナノ粒子
54:第2の絶縁層
55:ゲート電極
70,80:ナノデバイス
71:絶縁膜
81:機能分子
1)無電解メッキによりギャップ長を制御して電極対を形成することができ、そのようなナノギャップ電極は熱に対して安定であること。
2)無機絶縁物を堆積する際、金属ナノ粒子が配位分子により覆われ、ナノギャップ電極がSAMで覆われていることから電極表面を破壊しないこと。
3)単電子島(「クーロン島」とも呼ばれる。)として働く金属ナノ粒子が、ナノギャップ間にアンカー分子、例えばジチオール分子によって化学的に固定したこと。
図1(A)は本発明の第1の実施形態に係る単電子素子を模式的に示す断面図であり、(B)は単電子素子の平面である。第1の実施形態に係るナノデバイスとしての単電子素子10は、基板1と、基板1上に設けられた第1の絶縁層2と、第1の絶縁層2上にナノギャップ長を有するように設けられた一方の電極5A及び他方の電極5Bと、一方の電極5A及び他方の電極5Bに設けられた絶縁膜としての自己組織化単分子膜6と、自己組織化単分子膜6に吸着して一方の電極5Aと他方の電極5Bとの間に配置された金属ナノ粒子7と、第1の絶縁層2、一方の電極5A、他方の電極5B上で、自己組織化単分子膜6及び金属ナノ粒子7を埋設するように設けられた第2の絶縁層8と、からなる。
第1の絶縁層2は、SiO2 、Si3N4などにより形成される。
一方の電極5A及び他方の電極5Bは、Au、Al、Ag、Cuなどにより形成される。一方の金属5A及び他方の金属5Bは、密着層と金属層とを順に積層することにより形成されてもよい。ここで、密着層はTi、Cr、Niなどで形成され、金属層は密着層上にAu、Al、Ag、Cuなどの別の金属で形成される。
第2の絶縁層6は、SiN、SiO、SiON、Si2O3 、SiO2 、Si3N4 、Al2O3 、MgOなど、無機絶縁物により形成される。無機絶縁物は化学量論組成のものが好ましいが、化学量論組成に近いものであってもよい。
先ず、基板1上に第1の絶縁層2を形成する。
次に、分子定規無電解メッキ法によりナノギャップ電極5A,5Bと、サイドゲート電極5C,5Dを形成する。
第2の実施形態に係るナノデバイスとしての単電子素子20について説明する。図3(A)は第2の実施形態に係るナノデバイスとしての単電子素子を模式的に示す断面図であり、(B)はナノデバイスとしての単電子素子の平面図である。
次に、本発明の第3の実施形態に係る集積回路について説明する。この集積回路は、半導体基板上に電子デバイス、例えば、ダイオード、トンネル素子、MOSトランジスタなどを形成したあと、第1及び第2の実施形態に係るナノデバイスとしての単電子素子を作製して成るものである。
図7は、本発明の第4の実施形態に係るナノデバイスとしての単電子素子の断面図である。第4の実施形態では、ナノデバイス70が、第1乃至第3の実施形態とは異なり、金属ナノ粒子7の一部又は全部が数〜数十nmの絶縁膜71で覆われている。ナノギャップ電極5Aと金属ナノ粒子7との間は絶縁膜71を介在して接続され、金属ナノ粒子7とナノギャップ電極5Bとの間は絶縁膜71を介在して接続されている。
図8は、本発明の第5の実施形態に係るナノデバイスとしての分子素子の断面図である。第5の実施形態では、ナノデバイス80が、第1乃至4の実施形態とは異なり、金属ナノ粒子7ではなく、機能分子81としている。すなわち、ナノギャップ電極5Aとナノギャップ電極5Bとの間に、機能分子81が配置される。その際、ナノギャップ電極5A,5Bと機能分子81とは絶縁されている。機能分子81としてはπ共役系骨格を有する分子、オリゴマーが挙げられる。このような分子素子も、既に説明した単電子素子の場合と同様な手法により、作製することができる。
いることが分かった。このことから実施例1で作製した素子が単電子トランジスタとして動作していることが分かった。
Claims (11)
- 第1の絶縁層と、
上記第1の絶縁層上にナノギャップを有するように設けられた一方の電極と他方の電極と、
上記一方の電極と上記他方の電極との間に配置された金属ナノ粒子と、
上記第1の絶縁層、上記一方の電極及び上記他方の電極の上に設けられ、上記金属ナノ粒子を埋設する第2の絶縁層と、
上記第1の絶縁層上に上記一方の電極と上記他方の電極との配置方向に対して交差する方向に設けられ、かつ上記第2の絶縁層によって被覆された一又は複数のサイドゲート電極と、
上記第2の絶縁層上に設けられたトップゲート電極と、
を備え、
上記金属ナノ粒子と上記一方の電極との間、上記金属ナノ粒子と上記他方の電極との間には、上記第2の絶縁層の一部として単分子膜が介在する、ナノデバイス。 - 第1の絶縁層と、
上記第1の絶縁層上にナノギャップを有するように設けられた一方の電極と他方の電極と、
上記一方の電極と上記他方の電極との間に配置された機能分子と、
上記第1の絶縁層、上記一方の電極及び上記他方の電極の上に設けられ、上記機能分子を埋設する第2の絶縁層と、
上記第1の絶縁層上に上記一方の電極と上記他方の電極との配置方向に対して交差する方向に設けられ、かつ上記第2の絶縁層によって被覆された一又は複数のサイドゲート電極と、
上記第2の絶縁層上に設けられたトップゲート電極と、
を備え、
上記機能分子が、上記一方の電極及び上記他方の電極に固定するためのアンカー部を含む、ナノデバイス。 - 前記第2の絶縁層は、SiN、SiO、SiON、Si3N4、SiO2、Al2O3、MgOの何れかでなる、請求項1又は2に記載のナノデバイス。
- 前記金属ナノ粒子が、前記一方の電極と前記他方の電極とのギャップ間において断面視で前記一方の電極及び前記他方の電極の厚みの中央又は前記一方の電極及び前記他方の電極の厚みの中央より上寄りに配置され、前記第2の絶縁層中に固定されている、請求項1に記載のナノデバイス。
- 前記金属ナノ粒子の保護基としてアルカンチオールと前記単分子膜を構成する単分子の欠損部との化学結合により前記金属ナノ粒子が前記一方の電極及び前記他方の電極と絶縁されて、前記金属ナノ粒子が前記一方の電極と前記他方の電極との間に配置されている、請求項1に記載のナノデバイス。
- 前記金属ナノ粒子は、前記一方の電極、前記他方の電極の少なくとも一方にアルカンジチオールにより吸着されている、請求項1に記載のナノデバイス。
- 請求項1乃至6の何れかに記載のナノデバイスと電子デバイスとが半導体基板上に形成されてなる、集積回路。
- 電子デバイスが形成された半導体基板上に設けられた第1の絶縁層と、
上記第1の絶縁層上にナノギャップを有するように設けられた一方の電極と他方の電極と、
上記一方の電極と上記他方の電極との間に配置された金属ナノ粒子と、
上記第1の絶縁層、上記一方の電極及び上記他方の電極の上に設けられ、上記金属ナノ粒子を埋設する第2の絶縁層と、
上記第1の絶縁層上に上記一方の電極と上記他方の電極との配置方向に対して交差する方向に設けられ、かつ上記第2の絶縁層によって被覆された一又は複数のサイドゲート電極と、
上記第2の絶縁層上に設けられたトップゲート電極と、
を備え、
上記金属ナノ粒子と上記一方の電極との間、上記金属ナノ粒子と上記他方の電極との間には、上記第2の絶縁層の一部として単分子膜が介在し、
上記電子デバイスの複数の電極のうち一つが、前記第1の絶縁層に設けたビアを介して上記一方の電極、上記他方の電極の何れかに接続されている、集積回路。 - 電子デバイスが形成された半導体基板上に設けられた第1の絶縁層と、
上記第1の絶縁層上にナノギャップを有するように設けられた一方の電極と他方の電極と、
上記一方の電極と上記他方の電極との間に配置された機能分子と、
上記第1の絶縁層、上記一方の電極及び上記他方の電極の上に設けられ、上記機能分子を埋設する第2の絶縁層と、
上記第1の絶縁層上に上記一方の電極と上記他方の電極との配置方向に対して交差する方向に設けられ、かつ上記第2の絶縁層によって被覆された一又は複数のサイドゲート電極と、
上記第2の絶縁層上に設けられたトップゲート電極と、
を備え、
上記機能分子が、上記一方の電極及び上記他方の電極に固定するためのアンカー部を含み、
上記電子デバイスの複数の電極のうち一つが、上記第1の絶縁層に設けたビアを介して上記一方の電極、上記他方の電極の何れかに接続されている、集積回路。 - ナノギャップを有する一方の電極及び他方の電極を設けた絶縁層付き基板に金属ナノ粒子又は機能分子を配置し、
上記絶縁層付基板を冷却しながら上記一方の電極、上記他方の電極及び上記絶縁層付き基板の上にパッシベーション膜を形成することで上記金属ナノ粒子又は上記機能分子を埋設する、ナノデバイスの製造方法。 - 前記パッシベーション膜は、触媒CVD法、プラズマCVD法、光CVD法、パルスレーザー堆積法、原子層エピタキシー法、熱CVD法の何れかを用いて形成する、請求項10に記載のナノデバイスの製造方法。
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